Mileva Einstein-Maric: The ‘Forgotten’ Mother in the Theory of Relativity

«Tengo ciertas dificultades matemáticas que no puedo superar. Te ruego que me ayudes, porque, si no, puedo volverme loco». Ésta es la petición que hacía Albert Einstein a su amigo Marcel Grossmann cuando trabajaba en el problema de la gravedad; ayuda que, en muchos casos, se materializaba en la firmada coautoría del trabajo resultante. ¿Por qué Einstein no actuó de igual manera con su propia esposa Mileva Maric? En este artículo, además de mostrar algunas pruebas ya conocidas de la participación de Mileva en la obra de Einstein, se reflexiona sobre algo que resulta revelador: los reiterados impedimentos que han podido ser decisivos para la falta de reconocimiento de Mileva Maric.«I have some mathematical difficulties I cannot overcome. I ask you to help me; if you don’t, I can go mad». This is the request Albert Einstein made to his friend Marcel Grossmann as he worked in the problem of gravity; this aid would in many occasions lead to the co-signature of the results. Why did not Einstein act in the same way with his own wife Mileva Maric. This paper shows some already well-known evidence of Mileva’s participation in Einstein’s work in order to reveal some persistent impediments that could have been decisive for Mileva Maric’s lack of recognition

Analysis of procedures for the creation of words in the early stages of mother tongue acquisition. Action and research experience with students of Early Childhood Education Degree

Presentamos una experiencia de investigación–acción realizada con el alumnado que cursa el título de Grado en Educación Infantil a los que, aprovechando el periodo de practicum en los centros escolares donde se realiza una observación del lenguaje del alumnado de tres, cuatro y cinco años, les hemos propuesto la recogida de todas aquellas palabras que no se ajustan a la norma del léxico de la lengua castellana. Posteriormente realizaron un análisis y categorización de las palabras construidas y una reflexión que les permitirá en el futuro entender a su alumnado y aplicar lo aprendido en esta experiencia cuando se conviertan en responsables de una clase. Finalmente y tal como se expresa en los objetivos con la realización del estudio de las producciones lingüísticas se pone de manifiesto la relación de la teoría y la práctica y con ello adquieren las competencias expresadas en el título relacionadas con saber y saber hacer.We are presenting an action and research experience with students of Early Chilhood Education Degree. Taking advantage of the practicum period in schools— when language of children aged 3, 4 and 5 years old are observed, we have proposed to the future teachers to collect all the words that do not conform the standard vocabulary of the Spanish language. Subsequently, we proposed them to carry out an analysis and categorization of the constructed words and then a reflection that will allow them in the future to understand their students and put into practice what they have learnt in this experience. Finally, as it is indicated in the aims, along with the performance of this study of the linguistic produccions, it is manifested the correlation between theory and practice, acquiring the abilities expressed in the title, related to skills and know-how (savoir faire) and ability to learn (savoir apprendre).peerReviewe

Demand and Storage Management in a Prosumer Nanogrid Based on Energy Forecasting

Energy efficiency and consumers' role in the energy system are among the strategic research topics in power systems these days. Smart grids (SG) and, specifically, microgrids, are key tools for these purposes. This paper presents a three-stage strategy for energy management in a prosumer nanogrid. Firstly, energy monitoring is performed and time-space compression is applied as a tool for forecasting energy resources and power quality (PQ) indices; secondly, demand is managed, taking advantage of smart appliances (SA) to reduce the electricity bill; finally, energy storage systems (ESS) are also managed to better match the forecasted generation of each prosumer. Results show how these strategies can be coordinated to contribute to energy management in the prosumer nanogrid. A simulation test is included, which proves how effectively the prosumers' power converters track the power setpoints obtained from the proposed strategy.Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional

Testing caffeic acid as a natural antioxidant in functional fish-fibre restructured products

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 5 tablasThe antioxidant effectiveness of caffeic acid addition to minced fish muscle with or without wheat dietary fibre added was studied. Wheat dietary fibre showed a significant prooxidant effect on minced fish muscle during chilled storage that was significantly inhibited in presence of 100 mg/kg caffeic acid. In samples containing caffeic acid and wheat dietary fibre, lipid oxidation was completely inhibited after 10 days. Results obtained from the instrumental texture profile analysis showed that the inclusion of wheat dietary fibre with or without caffeic acid lowered the texture profile analysis parameters. Caffeic acid did not render any changes on the water binding capacity. These results prove that caffeic acid can be successfully used as a natural antioxidant in wheat dietary fibre minced fish restructured products.This work was performed within the Integrated Research Project SEAFOODplus, contract No FOOD-CT-2004-506359 and the research project AGL2006-26016-E/GAN. The [partial] financing of this work by the European Union and the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Multiclassifier Systems for Predicting Neurological Outcome of Patients with Severe Trauma and Polytrauma in Intensive Care Units

[EN]This paper presents an ensemble based classification proposal for predicting neurological outcome of severely traumatized patients. The study comprises both the whole group of patients and a subgroup containing those patients suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data was gathered from patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University Hospital in Salamanca. Predictive models were induced from both epidemiologic and clinical variables taken at the emergency room and along the stay in the ICU. The large number of variables leads to a low accuracy in the classifiers even when feature selection methods are used. In addition, the presence of a much larger number of instances of one of the classes in the subgroup of TBI patients produces a significantly lesser precision for the minority class

Genetic diversity in fishery-exploited populations of the banded murex ("Hexaplex trunculus") from the southern Iberian Peninsula

[Abstract] This study presents an analysis of the genetic diversity in Hexaplex trunculus from three localities of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Ria Formosa and Ria de Alvor in Portugal, and Río Piedras in Spain) using three mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and one nuclear (5S rRNA and its non-transcribed spacer, NTS) genes. Restriction digestions of 12S and 16S rRNA genes using four endonucleases were also performed. Low genetic diversity was observed for the four genes studied. Genetic distances ranged from 0 to 0.004 for the mitochondrial genes and these values were slightly higher for the 5S and the NTS. The level of polymorphism within populations, π, was from 0 to 0.0039 (for mitochondrial genes), 0.0111–0.0333 (for 5S rRNA), and from 0.2220 to 0.5079 (for NTS). Furthermore, RFLPs analyses from 12S and 16S rRNA genes showed these localities to be monomorphic. The low genetic variability within populations suggests small population size, and a possible bottleneck due to multiple causes, such as overexploitation, the type of larval development (intracapsular embryos) and/or the peripheral location of the sampled localities considering the geographical distribution of the species. Because these populations show such high genetic similarity, Ria de Alvor and Río Piedras could be potentially used for stock enhancement of the Ria Formosa.Portugal. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; FCT: SFRH/BD/5139/200

Necesidades en tic de los centros escolares concertados de Sevilla : aportes del aprendizaje virtual ante la demanda formativa

Formación permanente del profesorado es hoy en día un tema que debemos considerar de importancia clave para afrontar el cambio tecnológico en el que todos nos vemos inmersos y en el que la educación también está jugando un papel fundamental. Con herramientas como el e-learning podemos responder a las demandas de la Sociedad del Conocimiento por una parte y a las del profesorado y su formación permanente por otra.Permanent teacher´s training is nowadays very important topics we must consider in order to face the technologic change we are immerse in and in which education is playing an essential role. With tools like e-learning, we can give answer to the demands of the Knowledge Society on the one hand and to the needs of the teaching community and its permanent training on the other hand

Spectroscopic Evidence and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Analysis of Low-Temperature Oxidation of Cu+ to Cu2+NOx in Cu-CHA Catalysts: Implications for the SCR-NOx Reaction Mechanism

"This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Catalysis, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04717."[EN] Despite the intense investigation on the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction mechanism catalyzed by small pore Cu-CHA zeolites, neither the rate-determining step of the process nor the exact nature of the active sites under reaction conditions are clearly established. In this work, in situ EPR and IR techniques combined with DFT calculations are applied to the study of the oxidation half-cycle of the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction on Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts. EPR and IR spectroscopies unambiguously show that Cu+ is oxidized to Cu2+ at room temperature in the presence of the reaction mixture (NO, O-2, and NH3) or NO and O-2, producing adsorbed NO2, nitrites, and nitrates. Several pathways are proposed from DFT calculations to oxidize Cu+ cations placed in the plane of the 6R ring units of SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 to Cu2+, either by NO2 alone or by a mixture of NO and O-2, with activation energy barriers lower than 70 kJ mol(-1). The results reported here demonstrate that a reaction mechanism invoking the formation of nitrate/nitrite intermediates on copper cations attached to the zeolite framework can be operational in the low-temperature region (T < 350 degrees C). Moreover, different intermediates, nitrites versus nitrates, are preferentially stabilized, depending on the catalyst composition, silicoaluminophosphate vs aluminosilicate.This work was supported by the Spanish Government through "Severo Ochoa Program" (Nos. SEV 2012-0267; SEV-2016-0683), No. MAT2015-71261-R, and No. CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, and by the European Union through No. ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch). Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and Centre de Calcul de la Universitat de Valencia are gratefully acknowledged for computational resources and technical support. R.M. acknowledges "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa" International PhD Fellowships (call 2015).Moreno-González, M.; Millán-Cabrera, R.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; Boronat Zaragoza, M. (2019). Spectroscopic Evidence and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Analysis of Low-Temperature Oxidation of Cu+ to Cu2+NOx in Cu-CHA Catalysts: Implications for the SCR-NOx Reaction Mechanism. ACS Catalysis. 9(4):2725-2738. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04717S272527389

Secondary Control for Storage Power Converters in Isolated Nanogrids to Allow Peer-to-Peer Power Sharing

It is usual in literature that power sharing among grid-forming sources of an isolated microgrid obeys their energy rating, instead of economic agreements between stakeholders, and circulating energy among them is usually avoided. However, these energy interchanges make strong sense and classical power sharing methods must be reformulated in the context of prosumer-based microgrids. This paper proposes a secondary control method for a prosumer-based low-voltage nanogrid that allows for energy interchange between prosumers, where storage systems, together with PV generators, are the controllable grid-forming sources. A power flow technique adapted to islanded microgrids is used for secondary control algorithm and the whole hierarchical control strategy for the prosumer converter is simulated and validated. This hierarchical control consists of three stages: tertiary control plans the energy interchange among prosumers, secondary obtains different voltage and power setpoints for each of the grid-forming sources, and, finally, primary control guarantees stable voltage and frequency values within the nanogrid with droop rules. Inner control loops for the power converter are also defined to track setpoints and assure stable performance. Simulation tests are carried out, which prove the stability of the proposed methods and the accuracy of the setpoint tracking

Intervenciones en niños escolares para disminuir el índice de masa corporal: Revisión de la literatura

Objective: To identify the best scientific evidence regarding health interventions to reduce the body mass index in school children with obesity.&nbsp;Method: Literature review based on the PRISMA-2020 statement; selection criteria: quantitative studies, controlled clinical trials and case-control studies; published from 2015 to 2020, Spanish, Portuguese and English languages, free text. Descriptors: (child), (child); (obesity), (obesity); (body mass index), (boby mass index); (schoolchildren), (schoolchildren). Six selected studies with a level of evidence type I and grade of recommendation "A".&nbsp;Main results: Studies applied in primary schools in the United Kingdom, Spain, China and Chile; the primary result was the statistically significant lower BMI after the intervention, 83.3% showed a level of evidence I and grade of recommendation "1A" recommendable for its application in practice.&nbsp;General conclusion: The literature shows a significant decrease in BMI, this decrease is only during the intervention period; the need to develop interventions with long-term follow-up is identified. It is recommended to continue with the analysis and dissemination of the various interventions designed by the scientific community, as well as to favor their inclusion and application within the framework of the health programs of each country.Objetivo: Identificar la mejor evidencia científica respecto a intervenciones de salud para disminuir el índice de masa corporal en niños escolares con obesidad.&nbsp;Método: Revisión de la literatura con base a declaración PRISMA-2020; criterios de selección: estudios de tipo cuantitativo, ensayo clínico controlado y estudios de casos y controles; publicados de 2015 a 2020, idiomas español, portugués e inglés, texto gratuito. Descriptores: (niño), (child); (obesidad), (obesity); (índice de masa corporal), (boby mass index); (escolares), (schoolchildren). Seis estudios seleccionados con un nivel de evidencia tipo I y grado de recomendación “A”.&nbsp;Resultados principales: Estudios aplicados en escuelas primarias en Reino Unido, España, China y Chile; el resultado primario fue el IMC estadísticamente significativo menor después de la intervención, el 83.3% mostro un nivel de evidencia I y grado de recomendación "1A” recomendables para su aplicación en la práctica.&nbsp;Conclusión general: La literatura muestra la disminución significativa del IMC, esta disminución es sólo durante el periodo de intervención; se identifica la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones con seguimiento a largo plazo. Se recomienda continuar con el análisis y difusión de las diversas intervenciones diseñadas por la comunidad científica, así como favorecer su inclusión y aplicación dentro del marco de los programas de salud de cada país