Compatibilidad de Betunes Modificados con SBS: Influencia de la Estructura del Betún

El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la estructura/composición del betún sobre la compatibilidad del sistema betún/SBS. Cuatro betunes denominados A17, A570, M18 y M172, provenientes de dos crudos distintos han sido seleccionados, y sus mezclas han sido utilizadas para preparar betunes modificados con contenidos de SBS respecto al betún del 3% en peso. Con objeto de establecer las prestaciones de los betunes modificados se han realizado medidas de viscosidad, penetración y temperatura de reblandecimiento en función del tiempo de almacenamiento a temperaturas elevadas. Finalmente la estabilidad de los sistemas modificados se discute en términos de la estructura y composición de los betunes utilizados en su preparación

Compatibilidad de Betunes Modificados con SBS: Influencia de la Estructura del Betún

El presente trabajo se centra en el estudio de la influencia de la estructura/composición del betún sobre la compatibilidad del sistema betún/SBS. Cuatro betunes denominados A17, A570, M18 y M172, provenientes de dos crudos distintos han sido seleccionados, y sus mezclas han sido utilizadas para preparar betunes modificados con contenidos de SBS respecto al betún del 3% en peso. Con objeto de establecer las prestaciones de los betunes modificados se han realizado medidas de viscosidad, penetración y temperatura de reblandecimiento en función del tiempo de almacenamiento a temperaturas elevadas. Finalmente la estabilidad de los sistemas modificados se discute en términos de la estructura y composición de los betunes utilizados en su preparación

Effects and Mechanisms of Cognitive, Aerobic Exercise, and Combined Training on Cognition, Health, and Brain Outcomes in Physically Inactive Older Adults: The Projecte Moviment Protocol

Introduction: Age-related health, brain, and cognitive impairment is a great challenge in current society. Cognitive training, aerobic exercise and their combination have been shown to benefit health, brain, cognition and psychological status in healthy older adults. Inconsistent results across studies may be related to several variables. We need to better identify cognitive changes, individual variables that may predict the effect of these interventions, and changes in structural and functional brain outcomes as well as physiological molecular correlates that may be mediating these effects. Projecte Moviment is a multi-domain randomized trial examining the effect of these interventions applied 5 days per week for 3 months compared to a passive control group. The aim of this paper is to describe the sample, procedures and planned analyses. Methods: One hundred and forty healthy physically inactive older adults will be randomly assigned to computerized cognitive training (CCT), aerobic exercise (AE), combined training (COMB), or a control group. The intervention consists of a 3 month home-based program 5 days per week in sessions of 45 min. Data from cognitive, physical, and psychological tests, cardiovascular risk factors, structural and functional brain scans, and blood samples will be obtained before and after the intervention. Results: Effects of the interventions on cognitive outcomes will be described in intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. We will also analyze potential genetic, demographic, brain, and physiological molecular correlates that may predict the effects of intervention, as well as the association between cognitive effects and changes in these variables using the per protocol sample. Discussion: Projecte Moviment is a multi-domain intervention trial based on prior evidence that aims to understand the effects of CCT, AE, and COMB on cognitive and psychological outcomes compared to a passive control group, and to determine related biological correlates and predictors of the intervention effects.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03123900

PDGF-BB serum levels are decreased in adult onset Pompe patients

Adult onset Pompe disease is a genetic disorder characterized by slowly progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness. Symptomatic patients are treated with enzymatic replacement therapy with human recombinant alfa glucosidase. Motor functional tests and spirometry are commonly used to follow patients up. However, a serological biomarker that correlates with the progression of the disease could improve follow-up. We studied serum concentrations of TGFβ, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AA and CTGF growth factors in 37 adult onset Pompe patients and 45 controls. Moreover, all patients performed several muscle function tests, conventional spirometry, and quantitative muscle MRI using 3-point Dixon. We observed a statistically significant change in the serum concentration of each growth factor in patients compared to controls. However, only PDGF-BB levels were able to differentiate between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, suggesting its potential role in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients. Moreover, our results point to a dysregulation of muscle regeneration as an additional pathomechanism of Pompe disease

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Reconstruyendo el drama a partir de la trama.

En un escenario paradisíaco como son las regiones correspondientes a las nacientes de los Ríos Limay y Neuquén, en el noroeste de la provincia de Neuquén, distintos tipos de registros nos permiten reconstruir el vivir y obrar cotidiano de distintas comunidades rurales originarias. Ésta es una primera aproximación de los resultados que va arrojando un trabajo de campo realizado en el mes de abril de 2007; el mismo se llevó a cabo en el marco del proyecto PGI: “El problema de la propiedad de la tierra y los pueblos originarios”, por mí dirigido, y la Ley Nacional de Emergencia de la Propiedad Comunitaria Indígena, o Ley de emergencia de tierras indígenas, sancionada en agosto de 2006. Las fuentes a partir de las cuales se elabora la trama son datos extraídos de tres tipos de registros: fotográficos, orales y documentación pública de tipo burocrático. La técnica de abordaje es la prevista por la antropología social desde la perspectiva de la observación participativa.Fil: González Coll, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Humanidades; Argentina

Sobre el simposio “Los pueblos originarios y la propiedad de la tierra”

Sobre el simposio “Los pueblos originarios y la propiedad de la tierra”María Mercedes González Coll 

Crianceros Transhumantes: un modo de producción que se resiste a desaparecer.

The word “criancero” is an auto-denomination of a broad group of family producers that work mainly on the breeding of sheep and goats. In this paper I intend to analyze, as a first approximation, the state of legal neglect in which these peasants live and produce, as well as the incipient union organization of the group, since their actions have gained them say in the matter and some visibility. This changes them from actors mainly ignored by the rest of the society to proactive subjects looking after their rights.La palabra criancero es una auto denominación de un amplio conjunto de productores familiares que se dedican fundamentalmente a la cría de ovinos y caprinos. En este trabajo, me propongo analizar, en esta primera aproximación, el desamparo legal en que estos campesinos viven y producen y también en la incipiente organización gremial del sector, ya que a través de su accionar han cobrado durante la última década voz y cierta visibilidad que los transforma de actores mayoritariamente ignorados por el resto de la sociedad, en sujetos preactivos tras la exigencia de sus derechos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Paisanos – Cultura – Trashumantes – Crianceros - Norpatagonia CRIANCEROS TRANSHUMANTES (TRANSHUMANT BREEDERS). A MODE OF PRODUCTION THAT FIGHTS AGAINST ITS DISAPPEARANC