Changes in Number and Weight of Wheat and Triticale Grains to Manipulation in Source-Sink Relationship

The source-sink ratio experimental manipulation has helped to define whether a crop is limited by source or sink or co-limited by both. There is no evidence in triticale of source-sink manipulations effects on yield and yield components. Two experiments were accomplished during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México, and one in 2010 at the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in Pergamino, Argentina. Two triticale cultivars (line 4 and 7) and one wheat cultivar (Tollocan) were used. Source-sink relations were modified at anthesis by thinning, degraining, shading, and total defoliation procedures. Changes in the source-sink relation affected yields in both species differentially. The changes in yield due to cultivars and treatments were explained mainly by the number of grains rather than by their individual grain weight. The number of grains was affected by all treatments in both species, while the individual grain weight was increased by thinning and degraining mainly in triticale. A greater number of fertile florets in triticale were associated with their higher rate of abortion compared to wheat. These results could help to better understand crop management and genetic improvement.Fil: Ballesteros Rodriguez, E.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Martinez Rueda, C.G.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Morales Rosales, E.J.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Estrada Campuzano, G.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: González, Fernanda Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Cúspides ubicadas atípicamente. Reporte de un Caso Clínico

Los primeros molares inferiores permanentes erupcionan a los 6 años de edad y se ubican por detrás de los segundos molares temporarios, sin reemplazar a ninguna pieza dentaria, por lo que su aparición suele pasar desapercibida. Anatómicamente, su cara oclusal compleja, exhibe una configuración externa muy particular, donde se destaca la presencia de cinco cúspides, tres fosas principales y siete surcos, lo que permite su identificación y diferenciación con las otras piezas que forman parte del grupo molar. En condiciones normales su implantación en el arco permite visualizar tres cúspides por vestibular o bucal y dos por lingual.El propósito de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico donde la posición de las cúspides se encuentra invertida, en el primer molar inferior permanente (1° MIP), en forma bilateral, en un adolescente de la ciudad de Corrientes

Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization of Kraft Lignin from Eucalyptus globulus: Comparison of Bacterial and Fungal Laccases Efficacy

Kraft lignin, a side-stream from the pulp and paper industry, can be modified by laccases for the synthesis of high added-value products. This work aims to study different laccase sources, including a bacterial laccase from Streptomyces ipomoeae (SiLA) and a fungal laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL), for kraft lignin polymerization. To study the influence of some variables in these processes, a central composite design (CCD) with two continuous variables (enzyme concentration and reaction time) and three levels for each variable was used. The prediction of the behavior of the output variables (phenolic content and molecular weight of lignins) were modelled by means of response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, characterization of lignins was performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. In addition, antioxidant activity was also analyzed. Results showed that lignin polymerization (referring to polymerization as lower phenolic content and higher molecular weight) occurred by the action of both laccases. The enzyme concentration was the most influential variable in the lignin polymerization reaction within the range studied for SiLA laccase, while the most influential variable for MtL laccase was the reaction time. FTIR and NMR characterization analysis corroborated lignin polymerization results obtained from the RSM.This research was funded by Comunidad de Madrid via Project SUSTEC-CM S2018/EMT-4348; MICINN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” via Project RTI2018-096080-B-C22; and MICINN via Project TED2021-132122B-C21

1H–NMR fingerprinting and supervised pattern recognition to evaluate the stability of virgin olive oil during storage

Metabolomic fingerprinting of virgin olive oil (VOO) by 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to study its stability during storage simulating normal shelf life conditions during its commercialization. A representative set of VOOs covering the full range of possible chemical compositions were exposed to light (500 lux for 12 h/day) at 25 °C for 12 months or stored in the dark at 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C for 24 months. Multivariate data analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the oil samples provided classification models to evaluate VOO freshness and to verify the light exposure of the VOO during storage, as well as regression models to determine VOO storage time and tentatively the best before date of a fresh VOO. These predictive models disclosed the chemical compounds responsible for the compositional changes in VOO due to hydrolytic and oxidative degradation taking place during its storage, and confirmed that light and increasing temperature enhance these processes. The presence of characteristic resonances of hydroperoxides (primary oxidation products) and the decrease of 1H signals assigned to phenolic compounds, mainly secoiridoid derivatives, and other minor compounds such as fatty acids, squalene and native (E)-2-hexenal present in fresh VOO revealed its oxidative degradation. Further, the emergence of low intensity 1H signals of saturated aldehydes meant that the secondary oxidation process has started at a low rate and yield. Moreover, the decrease of the 1H signals of triacylglycerides and sn-1,2-diacylglycerides, and the increase of sn-1,3-diacylglycerides indicated that hydrolytic degradation of VOO and diacylglyceride isomerisation was occurring. 1H NMR fingerprint of VOO together with pattern recognition techniques afford relevant information to assess the quality of VOOs taking into consideration legal, sensory and health-promoting aspects.This work was supported by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme [grant agreement No. 635690, 2014–2020], and developed in the framework of the project OLEUM “Advanced solutions for assuring authenticity and quality of olive oil at global scale”. The information contained in this article reflects the authors’views; the European Commission is not liable for any use of the information contained herein

El Sistema Antártico

Fil: Gutiérrez Posse, Hortensia D. T.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Derecho Internacional Público. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gutiérrez Posse, Hortensia D. T. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Gabriela Liliana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Breier, Ingrid E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Felisoni, Patricio O. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: González, Ariel W. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Jorquera, Mario. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Rizzo Alonso, Hermán G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEn el marco del ciclo profesional orientado se desarrolló durante 1989 un curso de actualización sobre el sistema antártico. Tenía por objetivo no sólo la profundización de los conocimientos sino también brindar la ocasión de que se ensayasen técnicas de investigación. Los trabajos que a continuación se publican reflejan resultados logrados por alumnos de ese curso. Ellos abordan distintos aspectos de una compleja cuestión que interesa directamente a nuestro país.\n\nPrólogo / Hortensia D. T. Gutiérrez Posse. El Sistema Antártico como régimen objetivo / Gabriela Liliana Alonso. Necesidad de su preservación para salvaguarda de la paz mundial / Ingrid E. Breier. Conservación y protección del medio ambiente antártico / Patricio O. Cabrera Felisoni. Los recursos minerales en el marco del Sistema Antártico : algunas reflexiones / Ariel Walter González. Evolución de los presupuestos jurídicos del Sistema Antártico / Mario Jorquera. Año 1991 y la soberanía en la Antártida, de condición a objetivo / Hernán G. Rizzo Alonso.\

Revisión bibliográfica de implantología bucofacial del año 2010. Segunda parte

La gran cantidad de publicaciones que existen en las múltiples fuentes de información de la literatura científica junto a la baja disponibilidad de tiempo para consultarlas de la que disponen los profesionales de la Odontología, ha motivado a los autores de este artículo a efectuar una revisión de la literatura científica publicada a lo largo del año 2010 en el campo de la Implantología Bucofacial. Se han agrupado los diferentes trabajos en distintos temas (regeneración ósea guiada, elevación del seno maxilar y otras técnicas especiales, factores de crecimiento, implantes cigomáticos, implantes ortodóncicos y complicaciones en la cirugía implantológica), con el fin de facilitar una buena puesta al día

Revisión bibliográfica de implantología bucofacial del año 2010. Segunda parte

La gran cantidad de publicaciones que existen en las múltiples fuentes de información de la literatura científica junto a la baja disponibilidad de tiempo para consultarlas de la que disponen los profesionales de la Odontología, ha motivado a los autores de este artículo a efectuar una revisión de la literatura científica publicada a lo largo del año 2010 en el campo de la Implantología Bucofacial. Se han agrupado los diferentes trabajos en distintos temas (regeneración ósea guiada, elevación del seno maxilar y otras técnicas especiales, factores de crecimiento, implantes cigomáticos, implantes ortodóncicos y complicaciones en la cirugía implantológica), con el fin de facilitar una buena puesta al día

Molecular analysis of thyroglobulin mutations found in patients with goiter and hypothyroidism

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. Up to now, one hundred seventeen deleterious mutations in the TG gene have been identified and characterized. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new mutations in the TG gene. We report eight patients from seven unrelated families with goiter, hypothyroidism and low levels of serum TG. All patients underwent clinical, biochemical and image evaluation. Sequencing of DNA, genotyping, as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. Molecular analyses revealed three novel inactivating TG mutations: c.5560G>T [p.E1835*], c.7084G>C [p.A2343P] and c.7093T>C [p.W2346R], and four previously reported mutations: c.378C>A [p.Y107*], c.886C>T [p.R277*], c.1351C>T [p.R432*] and c.7007G>A [p.R2317Q]. Two patients carried homozygous mutations (p.R277*/p.R277*, p.W2346R/p.W2346R), four were compound heterozygous mutations (p.Y107*/p.R277* (two unrelated patients), p.R432*/p.A2343P, p.Y107*/p.R2317Q) and two siblings from another family had a single p.E1835* mutated allele. Additionally, we include the analysis of 48 patients from 31 unrelated families with TG mutations identified in our present and previous studies. Our observation shows that mutations in both TG alleles were found in 27 families (9 as homozygote and 18 as heterozygote compound), whereas in the remaining four families only one mutated allele was detected. The majority of the detected mutations occur in exons 4, 7, 38 and 40. 28 different mutations were identified, 33 of the 96 TG alleles encoded the change p.R277*. In conclusion, our results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of TG defects and the pathophysiological importance of the predicted TG misfolding and therefore thyroid hormone formation as a consequence of truncated TG proteins and/or missense mutations located within its ACHE-like domain.This study was funded by grants from the FONCyT-ANPCyT-MINCyT (PICT 2014-1193 to CMR, PICT 2012-1090 and PICT 2015–1811 to HMT), CONICET (PIP 2015-11220150100499 to CMR) and Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT 2016-20020150100099BA to CMR)