Architectural Agency Through Real Estate Development

In today’s world, architects are facing a problem of diminished control over the built environment. Across the industry, architects are forfeiting influence to developers, contractors, and lawyers due to increased concerns about innumerable risks. Architecture, for the most part, is dependent on other professions to create opportunities, and thus is not directly responsible for positive change. For architecture to accrue influence on how our built environment evolves into the future, it must understand and take a larger role within the real estate development process. The problem this thesis presents is that the position of architecture within this economics dominated power structure limits architects’ agency to affect a property’s use or influence its future use. The research delves into the standard development model, the real estate development process, design and construction, and operations of real estate practices in order to identify opportunities for architecture to engage in and enhance the process. This thesis proposes to understand a development process in Northampton, Massachusetts. It will illustrate that the opportunities and advantages of architect practicing as a developer to design and execute projects in the real world. Thus, for the research to be implemented through design, the chosen site includes several opportunities for a socially focused mixed-use development which responds well with the site and the surrounding context of Northampton

Improving Damage Tolerance of Composite Sandwich Structures Subjected to Low Velocity Impact Loading: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Sandwich structures with composite facing skins have seen applications in variety of sectors including aerospace and automobile, owing to their high specific mechanical properties. However, there is a need to develop better damage tolerant sandwich structures since conventional composite facing skins exhibit low impact resistance in the transverse direction. Here, composite skin sandwich structures with three different impact resistant core materials were fabricated and tested both experimentally and numerically. Neat CFRP and 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets were also investigated. Cores utilizing impact resistant D3O® were found to have very favorable weight specific energy absorbing properties at higher impact velocities as compared to those made from Nomex® or Sorbothane® cores. Nonlinear finite element analysis was also performed using Hypermesh/LS-DYNA for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet, neat CFRP and sandwich with Nomex® core with CFRP faceskins. Numerical vs. Experimental impact results were compared and comments regarding impact behavior of different candidate materials were made. CAI tests were performed for CFRP sandwich structures. Sandwiches with cores made out of D3O® and Sorbothane® showed more ductility when compared with Nomex® core sandwich composite

Kinetic of Azo Dyes Decolourization by Enterobacteriaceae Species in the Intact Cell Assay System

The method “Intact cell assay” was adopted to assess the influencing factors on the process of decolourization ability of the enterobacteriaceaea specie isolates under predisposed environment. Taken into account several ingredient are added individually as well in combinations in the assay reaction. Values of dye decolourized in ìgml-1 with Multi vitanmins solution (MVS) with glucose 42.53; MVS 36.00; Riboflavin (RF) 39.00; Yeast extract 36.00 and B- complex 23.00 from the initial dye of 46.00ìg ml-1 were observed , where as glucose, Ascorbic acid, Cysteine, Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), Sodium molybdate, Biotin, KNO3, NaNO2, folic acid and 1-amino-2-naphtho-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) does not shows influence on to the process, but, some of them showed inhibitory effect toward the decolourization. It was observed that the riboflavin addition at 19.95 n moles ml-1 in the reaction mixture, rate of decolourization was suddenly change from 0.019 ÄA/minutes to 0.20 ÄA/minutes, which is extremely high by 10 fold fast and subsequently remains faster i.e 0.2 ÄA/minutes without further additional RF in the same assay mixture. Rate of decolourization with different concentrations of riboflavin i.e. 13.0 n moles ml-1 to 59.9 n moles ml-1 showed second order kinetic. This indicates that the minimum amount of RF is essential to trigger the process of decolourization by the intact cells under the assay condition. While five different azo dyes were subjected, showed diversebehavior on to the rate of decolourization. Results of entire study incite on role of riboflavin could to a certain extent act as a redox mediator in the reaction(s) process and electron mediator between intracellular pool to the dye available at periplasmic redox sin

Optional analyses of crossover trials having two treatments and a placebo

The assumption of carryover effects is unavoidable due to the very nature of crossover designs. Even in case of crossover design with washout period, the hypothesis of no carryover effect should be tested and established. On the other hand, this assumption makes the analysis difficult and potentially biased or inefficient in case of two treatment two period crossover design. For a reasonable estimation, experimenters are advocated to employ a two period three treatment crossover designs, or a three period two treatment crossover design. In this article, we present optional analyses of a uniform three period three treatment crossover design, consisting of a placebo and two active treatments. We develop a test for detecting presence of carryover effects which directs experimenter for a proper analysis of his crossover trial. We present ANOVA for each of the three possible carryover models, that both, single, or none of the active treatments has carryover effect, and illustrate through an example

Outcome of Demonstration Program on Hand Washing Technique among Nursing Staff in Dhiraj General Hospital

Background of the study: Thousands of people die every day around the world from infections acquired while receiving health care. Hands are the main pathways of germ transmission during health care. Hand hygiene is therefore the most important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs and prevent health care-associated infection. However studies have shown that hand washing practices are poor among nursing personnel. Objective : To assess the knowledge and practice regarding hand washing techniques among nursing staff. Method : A descriptive evaluative approach on 150 nursing staff with Probability Simple random sampling technique was used for this study. Results: The mean post test knowledge score (12.48) was higher than the mean pre test knowledge score (6.72). The mean post test practice score (14.86) was higher than the mean pre test practice score (8.70). Conclusion: The present study assessed the knowledge and practice among nursing staff regarding hand washing technique and found that nursing staff had inadequate knowledge and practice regarding hand washing technique. After the demonstration program was given on hand washing technique, there was significant improvement in knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding hand washing technique. The study concluded that demonstration program was effective in improving the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding hand washing technique

Kinetic of Azo Dyes Decolourization by Enterobacteriaceae Species in the Intact Cell Assay System

The method \u201cIntact cell assay\u201d was adopted to assess the influencing factors on the process of decolourization ability of the enterobacteriaceaea specie isolates under predisposed environment. Taken into account several ingredient are added individually as well in combinations in the assay reaction. Values of dye decolourized in \u3bcg ml-1 with Multi vitanmins solution (MVS) with glucose 42.53; MVS 36.00; Riboflavin (RF) 39.00; Yeast extract 36.00 and B- complex 23.00 from the initial dye of 46.00\u3bcg ml-1 were observed , where as glucose, Ascorbic acid, Cysteine, Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), Sodium molybdate, Biotin, KNO3, NaNO2, folic acid and 1-amino-2- naphtho-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) does not shows influence on to the process, but, some of them showed inhibitory effect toward the decolourization. It was observed that the riboflavin addition at 19.95 n moles ml-1 in the reaction mixture, rate of decolourization was suddenly change from 0.019 \u394A/minutes to 0.20 \u394A/minutes, which is extremely high by 10 fold fast and subsequently remains faster i.e 0.2 \u394A/minutes without further additional RF in the same assay mixture. Rate of decolourization with different concentrations of riboflavin i.e. 13.0 n moles ml-1 to 59.9 n moles ml-1 showed second order kinetic. This indicates that the minimum amount of RF is essential to trigger the process of decolourization by the intact cells under the assay condition. While five different azo dyes were subjected, showed diverse behavior on to the rate of decolourization. Results of entire study incite on role of riboflavin could to a certain extent act as a redox mediator in the reaction(s) process and electron mediator between intracellular pool to the dye available at periplasmic redox sin

Integrated management of Ramularia blight (Ramularia foeniculi ) in fennel

Ramularia blight, caused by Ramularia foeniculi Sybille’s a highly destructive fennel disease and may cause complete failure of the crop. The use of chemicals especially mancozeb to manage Ramularia blight increases the load of residues in seed and reduces the export and market price. Removal of lower yellow leaves would not only help in reducing the load of Ramularia pathogen but, also increase the aeration in fennel crop. To manage this disease, field trial was conducted for three consecutive kharif seasons (2017-18, 2018-19 & 2019-20) with agronomical practices i.e. removal of lower yellow leaves at different stages and different spraying schedules of chlorothalonil 75WP. Removal of lower yellow leaves at 50 % flowering stage and grain filling stage with two sprays of chlorothalonil 75WP @ 0.15% (20 g/ 10 lit. water) first spray at just appearance of disease and second spray at15 days after first spray was found effective not only in terms of management of disease (10.91 % disease incidence), yield (2078 kg/ha) and quality aspects but also reduced the load of fungicide on seed which promote the export. Thus, limited use (2 sprays) of chlorothalonil with the removal of lower yellow leaves helps to meet out the quality standards for export promotion with respect to residual limits in the said commodity

Formation of medullary phloem in Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer

Histologically, family Convolvulaceae is characterised by the presence of successive cambia, medullary (internal/intraxylary) and interxylary phloem in majority of the species, whereas some of the members are devoid of successive cambia and medullary bundles. The present study on Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer showed the presence of medullary bundles while internal phloem was absent during the primary growth. As the secondary growth progressed, successive cambia initiated from the pericyclic parenchyma. Development of medullary bundles began along with the regular protoxylem and protophloem while formation of intraxylary phloem was observed only after the initiation of secondary growth. Medullary/intraxylary sieve elements began to develop from the marginal pith cells. In thick stems, small segments of internal cambium initiated between the protoxylem and internal phloem. This internal cambium was functionally unidirectional and produced internal phloem centripetally. Developmental particulars are described in details along with its significance

Development of successive cambia and structure of the secondary xylem in some members of the family Amaranthaceae

Young stems of Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult., A. lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult, A. monsonia Mart., A. sanguinolenta (L.) Blume, Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson, A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Gomphrena celosioides Mart., G. globosa L. and Telanthera ficoidea (L.) Moq., showed the renewal of small sectors of cambium by replacing with new segments. Therefore, the secondary phloem formed by earlier cambial segments form isolated islands of phloem enclosed within conjunctive tissues became embedded in the secondary xylem. As the stem grows older, complete ring of cambium is renewed; sometimes an anastomosing network of successive cambia may be seen due to the renewal of larger segments of the cambium. Renewal of the cambium takes place by repeated periclinal division in the parenchyma cells positioned outside to the phloem formed by the previous cambium. Functionally the cambium is bidirectional and exclusively composed of fusiform cambial cells. Differentiation of conducting elements of the secondary xylem and phloem remains restricted to the certain cambial cells while rest of the segments exclusively produce conjunctive cells. Accumulation of starch along with the presence of nuclei in the xylem fibers even after deposition of the secondary wall is consistent in all the species and it seems to be associated with the absence of rays in the secondary xylem and phloem of nine species from four genera. The significance of successive cambia, rayless xylem and nucleated xylem fibers were correlated with plant habit

2-{(1E)-[(E)-2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]methyl}phenol: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study

The title Schiff base compound, C14H10Cl2N2O, features an E configuration about each of the C N imine bonds. Overall, the molecule is approximately planar with the dihedral angle between the central C2N2 residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0371 A˚ ) and the peripheral hydroxybenzene and chlorobenzene rings being 4.9 (3) and 7.5 (3), respectively. Nevertheless, a small twist is evident about the central N—N bond [the C—N—N—C torsion angle = 172.7 (2)]. An intramolecular hydroxy-O—H���N(imine) hydrogen bond closes an S(6) loop. In the crystal, – stacking interactions between hydroxy- and chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6939 (13) A˚ ] lead to a helical supramolecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction; the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The calculated Hirshfeld surfaces point to the importance of H���H and Cl...H/H...Cl contacts to the overall surface, each contributing approximately 29% of all contacts. However, of these only Cl...H contacts occur at separations less than the sum of the van der Waals radii. The aforementioned – stacking interactions contribute 12.0% to the overall surface contacts. The calculation of the interaction energies in the crystal indicates significant contributions from the dispersion term