Conhecimentos, atitudes e praticas de enfermeiros e medicos sobre a transmissao vertical da hepatite B

OBJECTIVE: to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses of the Family Health Strategy and a maternity hospital unit about vertical transmission of hepatitis B. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire applied to professionals. The data were analyzed according to professional category and site of action, whose differences were tested by χ2 and significanceOBJETIVO: identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los médicos y enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de un hospital de maternidad sobre la transmisión vertical de la hepatitis B. MÉTODO: estudio transversal con un cuestionario autoadministrado aplicado a los profesionales. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con la categoría profesional y el sitio de acción, cuyas diferencias fueron analizadas a través de χ2 y significanciaOBJETIVO: identificar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de médicos e enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família e de uma maternidade sobre a transmissão vertical da hepatite B. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, com questionário autopreenchível aplicado aos profissionais. Os dados foram analisados conforme categoria profissional e local de atuação, cujas diferenças foram testadas pelo χ2 e significânci

Processo de supervisão: Perceções de professores cooperantes do 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico

Em Portugal, a formação inicial dos educadores de infância e professores do ensino básico, enquadrada pelo Decreto-lei n.º 79/2014, inclui a componente de Iniciação à Prática Profissional, quer na Licenciatura em Educação Básica, quer nos mestrados, em que os alunos desenvolvem a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Neste âmbito, é fundamental falar no processo de supervisão. Inscrevendo-o numa perspetiva de cariz sócio-construtivista, possibilita aos alunos envolver-se em experiências formativas diversificadas e a integração e sistematização de saberes que emergem na interdependência entre a ação e a reflexão. Cabe aos supervisores a função de incentivá-los a observar, analisar e interpretar as práticas educativas e a implicar-se na procura de respostas para as dificuldades com que se defrontam. Esta comunicação resulta de um estudo de natureza interpretativa mais abrangente que incluiu educadores e professores cooperantes da Escola Superior de Educação de Bragança (da Licenciatura em Educação Básica e dos Mestrados em Educação Pré-escolar, em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo, e em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico) e teve como principal objetivo compreender as suas perceções/vivências acerca do processo de supervisão, com o objetivo de recolher informações que nos ajudem a refletir sobre o processo de supervisão/formação desenvolvido na nossa instituição. O processo de recolha de dados recorreu a um questionário com perguntas abertas que inclui as seguintes categorias: papéis desempenhados no processo de supervisão, interações/relações estabelecidas entre a instituição de formação e contexto escolar, reflexão e avaliação no âmbito da supervisão. O questionário foi aplicado no final do ano letivo 2013/2014. Esta comunicação refere-se às perceções dos professores do 2.º ciclo do Ensino Básico (crianças dos 10-12 anos). Responderam 17 professores, de um total de 28 envolvidos nas unidades de IPP (Licenciatura) e de PES (Mestrado). As respostas foram sujeitas a análise de conteúdo, tendo sido criadas categorias, a posteriori. Relativamente aos papéis desempenhados no processo de supervisão, os dados mostram, sobretudo, que as opiniões são variadas. Por exemplo, há professores que consideram que os papéis são adequados, outros assinalam que deveria existir mais supervisão em sala de aula por parte do supervisor e alguns apontam para a necessidade de uma definição diferenciada de papéis. As interações/relações estabelecidas entre instituição de formação e contexto escolar, onde foi realizado o estágio, são percebidas, pela maioria dos professores, como positivas. É, contudo, apontada a necessidade de mais momentos de interacção entre o aluno (estagiário), o professor cooperante e os professores supervisores, no sentido de promover uma melhor organização do processo de supervisão. Ao nível da reflexão, componente essencial da prática letiva, os professores cooperantes, mais uma vez, revelam opiniões diversificadas, sendo apontada a adequação da reflexão realizada, mas propõe-se o aumento da periodicidade dos momentos de reflexão com os supervisores da instituição de formação. Sobre a avaliação do processo, é visível a centralização das respostas na avaliação dos alunos esquecendo o papel dos demais intervenientes no processo supervisivo

Electrochromic device composed of a Di-Urethanesil electrolyte incorporating lithium triflate and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium chloride

A di-urethane cross-linked poly(oxyethylene)/silica hybrid matrix [di-urethanesil, d-Ut(600)], synthesized by the sol-gel process, was doped with lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) and the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ionic liquid. The as-produced xerogel film is amorphous, transparent, flexible, homogeneous, hydrophilic, and has low nanoscale surface roughness. It exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.64 x 10(-6) and 5.00 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 21 and 100 degrees C, respectively. This material was successfully tested as electrolyte in an electrochromic device (ECD) with the glass/ITO/a-WO3/d-Ut(600)(10)LiCF3SO3[Bmim]Cl/c-NiO/ITO/glass configuration, where a-WO3 and c-NiO stand for amorphous tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide, respectively. The device demonstrated attractive electro-optical performance: fast response times (1-2 s for coloring and 50 s for bleaching), good optical memory [loss of transmittance (T) of only 41% after 3 months, at 555 nm], four mode modulation [bright mode (+3.0 V, T = 77% at 555 nm), semi-bright mode (-1.0 V, T = 60% at 555 nm), dark mode (-1.5 V, T = 38 % at 555 nm), and very dark mode (-2.0 V, T = 11% and -2.5 V, T = 7% at 555 nm)], excellent cycling stability denoting improvement with time, and high coloration efficiency [CEin = -6727 cm(2) C-1 (32th cycle) and CEout = +2794 cm(2) C-1 (480th cycle), at 555 nm].The authors are grateful to Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) and when applicable by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement for financial support under contracts PEst-OE/SAU/UI0709/2014, UID/Multi/00709/2013, UID/QUI/00686/2016, UID/QUI/00686/2018, UID/QUI/00686/2019, PEst-OE/QUI/UI0616/2016, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER037271, UID/CTM/50011/2013, LUMECD project (POCI01-0145-FEDER-016884 and PTDC/CTM-NAN/0956/2014), UniRCell project (SAICTPAC/0032/2015 and POCI-01-0145FEDER-016422). RP and SN acknowledge FCT-MCTES for grants (SFRH/BPD/87759/2012 and LUMECD, respectively). RP thanks FCT-UM for the contracts in the scope of Decreto-Lei 57/2016 and 57/2017. MF acknowledges FCTUTAD for the contract in the scope of Decreto-Lei 57/2016 -Lei 57/2017. HG acknowledges projects POCI-010145-FEDER-030858 and PTDC/BTM-MAT/30858/2017 for financial support

A simplified experimental model of large-for-size liver transplantation in pigs

OBJECTIVE: The ideal ratio between liver graft mass and recipient body weight for liver transplantation in small infants is unknown; however, if this ratio is over 4%, a condition called large-for-size may occur. Experimental models of large-for-size liver transplants have not been described in the literature. In addition, orthotopic liver transplantation is marked by high morbidity and mortality rates in animals due to the clamping of the venous splanchnic system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to create a porcine model of large-for-size liver transplantation with clamping of the supraceliac aorta during the anhepatic phase as an alternative to venovenous bypass. METHOD: Fourteen pigs underwent liver transplantation with whole-liver grafts without venovenous bypass and were divided into two experimental groups: the control group, in which the weights of the donors were similar to the weights of the recipients; and the large-for-size group, in which the weights of the donors were nearly 2 times the weights of the recipients. Hemodynamic data, the results of serum biochemical analyses and histological examination of the transplanted livers were collected. RESULTS: The mortality rate in both groups was 16.5% (1/7). The animals in the large-for-size group had increased serum levels of potassium, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase after graft reperfusion. The histological analyses revealed that there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: This transplant method is a feasible experimental model of large-for-size liver transplantation

Staphylococcus saprophyticus from clinical and environmental origins have distinct biofilm composition

Biofilm formation has been shown to be critical to the success of uropathogens. Although Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of urinary tract infections, its biofilm production capacity, composition, genetic basis, and origin are poorly understood. We investigated biofilm formation in a large and diverse collection of S. saprophyticus (n = 422). Biofilm matrix composition was assessed in representative strains (n = 63) belonging to two main S. saprophyticus lineages (G and S) recovered from human infection, colonization, and food-related environment using biofilm detachment approach. To identify factors that could be associated with biofilm formation and structure variation, we used a pangenome-wide association study approach. Almost all the isolates (91%; n = 384/422) produced biofilm. Among the 63 representative strains, we identified eight biofilm matrix phenotypes, but the most common were composed of protein or protein-extracellular DNA (eDNA)-polysaccharides (38%, 24/63 each). Biofilms containing protein-eDNA-polysaccharides were linked to lineage G and environmental isolates, whereas protein-based biofilms were produced by lineage S and infection isolates (p < 0.05). Putative biofilm-associated genes, namely, aas, atl, ebpS, uafA, sasF, sasD, sdrH, splE, sdrE, sdrC, sraP, and ica genes, were found with different frequencies (3-100%), but there was no correlation between their presence and biofilm production or matrix types. Notably, icaC_1 was ubiquitous in the collection, while icaR was lineage G-associated, and only four strains carried a complete ica gene cluster (icaADBCR) except one that was without icaR. We provided evidence, using a comparative genomic approach, that the complete icaADBCR cluster was acquired multiple times by S. saprophyticus and originated from other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Overall, the composition of S. saprophyticus biofilms was distinct in environmental and clinical isolates, suggesting that modulation of biofilm structure could be a key step in the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Moreover, biofilm production in S. saprophyticus is ica-independent, and the complete icaADBCR was acquired from other staphylococci

Chromosomal analyses of Salticinae and Lyssomaninae reveal a broad occurrence of the 2n male=28, X(1)X(2)0 karyotype within Salticidae

Brazil possesses the richest fauna of Salticidae in the world, including 560 specieshowever, no representative of the Brazilian fauna has been cytogenetically analyzed up to now. It has been demonstrated that karyotype data are a useful source for discussions on the phylogeny and chromosome differentiation of some salticid lineages. In this work, the first chromosome study of salticid species from Brazil is presented, with the addition of five genera to the 38 previously investigated worldwide. The analysis of mitotic and/or meiotic cells revealed 2n male = 28, X(1)X(2)0 in Asaracus sp., Coryphasia sp., Chira sp., Frigga quintensis (Tullgren, 1905), and Lyssomanes pauper Mello-Leitao, 1945. This karyotype constitution is the most common for Salticidae, occurring in species of distinct clades. The diploid number 2n female = 28 observed in Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) is unexpected, differing in one autosomal pair from the karyotype previously registered for males of the same species. The cytogenetic information reported here reinforces the wide occurence of 2n male = 28, X(1)X(2)0 within Salticidae, including species belonging to different clades and biogeographical regions. This karyotype is a shared character of Salticidae + Philodromidae, found exclusively in these families within Dionycha, suggesting its sister relationship already proposed in the literature.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, CNPqFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, FAPESPUniv Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Setor Biol Geral, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, UEMS, Unidade Univ Ivinhema, BR-79740000 Ivinhema, MS, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul, UEMS, Unidade Univ Mundo Novo, BR-79790000 Mundo Novo, MS, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Colecoes Zool, Av Vital Brasil 1500, BR-05503900 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Av Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, Av Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilCNPq: 471821/2008-0CNPq: 303028/2014-9FAPESP: 2011/21643-1Web of Scienc

Análise qualitativa de gangliosídeos em hipocampos de ratos submetidos a isquemia cerebral transitória

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Photobiomodulation Therapy Restores IL-10 Secretion in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma: Relevance to the Population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Cells in Lung.

It is largely known that photobiomodulation (PBM) has beneficial effects on allergic pulmonary inflammation. Our previous study showed an anti-inflammatory effect of the PBM in an acute experimental model of asthma, and we see that this mechanism is partly dependent on IL-10. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of regulatory T cells is mediated by PBM in a chronic experimental model of asthma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify the anti-inflammatory role of the PBM in the pulmonary inflammatory response in a chronic experimental asthma model. The protocol used for asthma induction was the administration of OVA subcutaneously (days 0 and 14) and intranasally (3 times/week, for 5 weeks). On day 50, the animals were sacrificed for the evaluation of the different parameters. The PBM used was the diode, with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power of 100 mW, and 5 J for 50 s/point, in three different application points. Our results showed that PBM decreases macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, PBM decreased the release of cytokines by the lung, mucus, and collagen in the airways and pulmonary mechanics. When we analyzed the percentage of Treg cells in the group irradiated with laser, we verified an increase in these cells, as well as the release of IL-10 in the BALF. Therefore, we conclude that the use of PBM therapy in chronic airway inflammation attenuated the inflammatory process, as well as the pulmonary functional and structural parameters, probably due to an increase in Treg cells.post-print1951 K

Anti-PGL1 salivary IgA/IgM, serum IgG/IgM, and nasal Mycobacterium leprae DNA in individuals with household contact with leprosy

Objectives: Leprosy household contacts represent a group at high risk of developing the disease. the aim of this study was to detect Mycobacterium leprae subclinical infection in this group through serological and molecular parameters.Methods: Serum anti-PGL1 IgG/IgM and salivary anti-PGL1 IgA/IgM was investigated using an ELISA, and nasal carriage of M. leprae DNA was detected by PCR, in leprosy household contacts of paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) household leprosy patients (n = 135), their index cases (n = 30), and in persons living in a low endemic city (n = 17).Results: Salivary anti-PGL1 IgA and IgM and serum anti-PGL1 IgG showed good correlation comparing contacts and index cases (p 0.05). A high frequency of anti-PGL1 IgM positivity was found in IgG-negative samples (p < 0.0001). for IgG-positive samples, IgM antibodies were also positive in most of the samples. None of the 17 volunteers living in a low endemic city presented seropositivity for IgG; however, two of them showed positivity for anti-PGL1 IgM. M. leprae DNA was found in the nasal swabs of nine out of the 85 MB household leprosy contacts (10.6%) and in three out of the 50 PB household leprosy contacts (6.0%).Conclusion: We strongly suggest that serum IgG/IgM and salivary anti-PGL1 IgA/IgM measurements are used to follow leprosy household contacts. (C) 2013 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Pharm, Dept Clin Anal & Toxicol, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharm, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 472.471/2007-4Web of Scienc