The impact of team orientation on teamwork engagement : having intragroup conflict as moderator

JEL Classification System-Numbers: D23 Organizational Behavior; D74 ConflictTeams in organizational settings have a pivotal and vital role in generating the success of a company and the development of each employee. Therefore, the central question is: how can teams engage in order to achieve their maximum performance? Because of the scarcity of empirical studies, the present study aims to analyze the influence that team orientation – an individual characteristic that takes behaviors of others into account, as well as preferences to work in a group rather than alone - might have on the emergence of teamwork engagement, and consequently on team effectiveness. In addition the moderator effect of intragroup conflicts on the relationship between team orientation and teamwork engagement was also tested. The sample is composed of 99 employees belonging to 22 Hostels in Lisbon. The questionaries and the data collection was implemented in a structured way, that all of the employees, in every category (cleaning staff, receptionist, and managers), could answer. The results showed that, contrary to what we expected, the intragroup conflicts do not moderate the relation of individual characteristic - Team orientation- and teamwork engagement. However, the positive relationship was found between the teamwork engagement and effectiveness of teams but not between the orientation to work in a team and the TWE. It is believed that due to the small sample size, the assumptions made could not support the proposed model. In addition to complete, it was conferred the theoretical implications and practical research and finally presented a set of suggestions for future studies.As equipas em contextos organizacionais têm um papel fundamental e vital para gerar o sucesso de uma organização e o desenvolvimento de cada funcionário. Portanto, a questão que se coloca é: Como pode uma equipa engajar de forma a alcançar o seu desempenho máximo? Devido à escassez de estudos empíricos, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência que a orientação para trabalhar em equipa pode ter sobre o surgimento do constructo teamwork engagement e, consequentemente, com a eficácia da equipa. Como moderadores dessa relação foram acrescentados os conflitos intragrupais, sendo esses considerados como variáveis contextuais. A amostra é composta por 99 funcionários pertencentes a 22 Hostels em Lisboa. Os questionários e a coleta de dados foram implementados de uma forma estruturada e pensada para que todos os funcionários em cada categoria (pessoal de limpeza, recepcionista, e gerentes), pudessem responder. Os resultados mostraram que, ao contrário do que se esperava, os conflitos dentro da equipa não moderam a relação da característica individual – team orientation - e teamwork engagement. No entanto, a relação positiva foi encontrada entre o teamwork engagement e eficácia das equipas, mas não entre a orientação para o trabalho em equipa e da TWE. Acredita-se que, devido ao reduzido tamanho da amostra, não foi possível suportar a maioria das hipóteses e, consequentemente, o modelo proposto. Em conclusão, foi salvaguardado as implicações teóricas e práticas da pesquisa e, por fim, foi apresentado um conjunto de sugestões para futuros estudos

Vietoris-Rips and Cech Complexes of Metric Gluings

We study Vietoris-Rips and Cech complexes of metric wedge sums and metric gluings. We show that the Vietoris-Rips (resp. Cech) complex of a wedge sum, equipped with a natural metric, is homotopy equivalent to the wedge sum of the Vietoris-Rips (resp. Cech) complexes. We also provide generalizations for certain metric gluings, i.e. when two metric spaces are glued together along a common isometric subset. As our main example, we deduce the homotopy type of the Vietoris-Rips complex of two metric graphs glued together along a sufficiently short path. As a result, we can describe the persistent homology, in all homological dimensions, of the Vietoris-Rips complexes of a wide class of metric graphs

The Trypanosoma cruzi enzyme TcGPXI is a glycosomal peroxidase and can be linked to trypanothione reduction by glutathione or tryparedoxin.

Trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-dependent peroxidase I (TcGPXI) can reduce fatty acid, phospholipid, and short chain organic hydroperoxides utilizing a novel redox cycle in which enzyme activity is linked to the reduction of trypanothione, a parasite-specific thiol, by glutathione. Here we show that TcGPXI activity can also be linked to trypanothione reduction by an alternative pathway involving the thioredoxin-like protein tryparedoxin. The presence of this new pathway was first detected using dialyzed soluble fractions of parasite extract. Tryparedoxin was identified as the intermediate molecule following purification, sequence analysis, antibody studies, and reconstitution of the redox cycle in vitro. The system can be readily saturated by trypanothione, the rate-limiting step being the interaction of trypanothione with the tryparedoxin. Both tryparedoxin and TcGPXI operate by a ping-pong mechanism. Overexpression of TcGPXI in transfected parasites confers increased resistance to exogenous hydroperoxides. TcGPXI contains a carboxyl-terminal tripeptide (ARI) that could act as a targeting signal for the glycosome, a kinetoplastid-specific organelle. Using immunofluorescence, tagged fluorescent proteins, and biochemical fractionation, we have demonstrated that TcGPXI is localized to both the glycosome and the cytosol. The ability of TcGPXI to use alternative electron donors may reflect their availability at the corresponding subcellular sites

Leitfaden zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten im Fach Kunstgeschichte

Dieser Leitfaden dient als erste Orientierung für die eigenständige Erstellung wissenschaftlicher Vorträge und Erarbeitung wissenschaftlicher Texte. Dabei gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, diesen Leitfaden zu nutzen: Sie können ihn – wie ein Buch – als eine erste Einführung in die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit kunsthistorischen Fragen verwenden oder aber anlassbezogen einzelne Kapitel herausgreifen und wiederlesen, etwa immer dann, wenn Sie an der Ausarbeitung eines Referats oder einer schriftlichen Hausarbeit sitzen. Für beide Verwendungsarten ist der Text ausgelegt. Wir hoffen, Ihnen damit einen Kompass für Ihre Erkundungen im Feld der Kunstgeschichte an die Hand geben zu können: Der Wege gibt es viele – nach und nach werden Sie unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen und Themenfelder kennenlernen

Leitfaden zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten im Fach Kunstgeschichte

Dieser Leitfaden dient als erste Orientierung für die eigenständige Erstellung wissenschaftlicher Vorträge und Erarbeitung wissenschaftlicher Texte. Dabei gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, diesen Leitfaden zu nutzen: Sie können ihn – wie ein Buch – als eine erste Einführung in die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit kunsthistorischen Fragen verwenden oder aber anlassbezogen einzelne Kapitel herausgreifen und wiederlesen, etwa immer dann, wenn Sie an der Ausarbeitung eines Referats oder einer schriftlichen Hausarbeit sitzen. Für beide Verwendungsarten ist der Text ausgelegt. Wir hoffen, Ihnen damit einen Kompass für Ihre Erkundungen im Feld der Kunstgeschichte an die Hand geben zu können: Der Wege gibt es viele – nach und nach werden Sie unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen und Themenfelder kennenlernen

Global gene disruption in human cells to assign genes to phenotypes

Insertional mutagenesis in a haploid background can disrupt gene function[superscript 1]. We extend our earlier work by using a retroviral gene-trap vector to generate insertions in >98% of the genes expressed in a human cancer cell line that is haploid for all but one of its chromosomes. We apply phenotypic interrogation via tag sequencing (PhITSeq) to examine millions of mutant alleles through selection and parallel sequencing. Analysis of pools of cells, rather than individual clones[superscript 1] enables rapid assessment of the spectrum of genes involved in the phenotypes under study. This facilitates comparative screens as illustrated here for the family of cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs). CDTs are virulence factors secreted by a variety of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria responsible for tissue damage at distinct anatomical sites[superscript 2]. We identify 743 mutations distributed over 12 human genes important for intoxication by four different CDTs. Although related CDTs may share host factors, they also exploit unique host factors to yield a profile characteristic for each CDT

Adapted to Roar: Functional Morphology of Tiger and Lion Vocal Folds

Vocal production requires active control of the respiratory system, larynx and vocal tract. Vocal sounds in mammals are produced by flow-induced vocal fold oscillation, which requires vocal fold tissue that can sustain the mechanical stress during phonation. Our understanding of the relationship between morphology and vocal function of vocal folds is very limited. Here we tested the hypothesis that vocal fold morphology and viscoelastic properties allow a prediction of fundamental frequency range of sounds that can be produced, and minimal lung pressure necessary to initiate phonation. We tested the hypothesis in lions and tigers who are well-known for producing low frequency and very loud roaring sounds that expose vocal folds to large stresses. In histological sections, we found that the Panthera vocal fold lamina propria consists of a lateral region with adipocytes embedded in a network of collagen and elastin fibers and hyaluronan. There is also a medial region that contains only fibrous proteins and hyaluronan but no fat cells. Young's moduli range between 10 and 2000 kPa for strains up to 60%. Shear moduli ranged between 0.1 and 2 kPa and differed between layers. Biomechanical and morphological data were used to make predictions of fundamental frequency and subglottal pressure ranges. Such predictions agreed well with measurements from natural phonation and phonation of excised larynges, respectively. We assume that fat shapes Panthera vocal folds into an advantageous geometry for phonation and it protects vocal folds. Its primary function is probably not to increase vocal fold mass as suggested previously. The large square-shaped Panthera vocal fold eases phonation onset and thereby extends the dynamic range of the voice