Efeitos da reabilitação aquática associada a técnicas da fisioterapia respiratória no tratamento de paciente portadora de bronquiectasia: um relato de caso / Effects of aquatic rehabilitation associated with respiratory physiotherapy techniques in the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis: a case report

A bronquiectasia é definida como uma dilatação irreversível dos brônquios acompanhada por uma diminuição da luz dos mesmos. Os pacientes portadores de bronquiectasia apresentam diminuição da habilidade de realizar exercícios e até mesmo as suas Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD’s), tendo em vista a menor efetividade das trocas gasosas e a diminuição dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares acarretando comprometimento do transporte de oxigênio destinado às células, portando, se faz necessária uma abordagem dinâmica. A Fisioterapia aquática, através das propriedades físicas da água atuando a favor do caso clínico do paciente, pode contribuir para a potencialização das técnicas respiratórias e consequentemente na obtenção de resultados mais eficazes. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os efeitos da reabilitação aquática associada a técnicas da Fisioterapia respiratória sobre as alterações pneumofuncionais de uma paciente com bronquiectasia. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de caso, descritivo, explicativo, de abordagem quantitativa, baseado na análise dos prontuários obtidos na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia Estácio -  FMJ. Sendo utilizado o prontuário de uma paciente portadora de bronquiectasia que realizou intervenções por meio da Fisioterapia aquática, trabalhou-se padrões musculares respiratórios, incentivador volumétrico e EPAP, associados a exercícios e técnicas da hidroterapia. As variáveis foram estudadas por meio dos testes de Espirometria, Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos(TC6), Manovacuometria e Cirtometria. Ressalta-se ainda que a pesquisa obedece aos aspectos legais e éticos baseados na resolução 466/12. Obteve-se, respectivamente, acréscimo de 15,2% e 4,3% nos valores de Capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF) e de Volume Expiratório Forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), incremento de 20,6% da distância encontrada no TC6, de 14,2% nos valores de Pressão Inspiratória Máxima (PiMÁX) e de 17,3% na Pressão Expiratória Máxima (PeMÁX). Evidencia-se também o aprimoramento da expansibilidade apical e xifóide. É possível constatar o destaque da reabilitação realizada e a sua relação com a potencialização dos achados finais, produzindo efeitos satisfatórios na melhora do quadro clínico e sendo de grande relevância para a comunidade acadêmica

Benefits associated with improving fatigue regulations for cargo pilots

This study investigated the potential business benefits of improving fatigue regulations for cargo pilots in Brazil. The research objectives were to compare fatigue levels between cargo and passenger operations, identify regulatory inefficiencies for cargo operators, simulate proposed changes, and analyze cost scenarios. The experimental design involved a review of fatigue regulations in Brazil and the USA, analyzing pilot scheduling data, and the creation of hypothetical flexible scheduling scenarios for 70 pilots flying 16,500 hours annually. We reviewed NTSB data on fatigue-related incidents in US cargo operations with flexible regulations and from the fatigue program of LATAM Cargo. Comparisons between the USA and the rest of the world showed that the rate of accidents per number of cargo flights in the USA is below average, with most accidents not attributed to fatigue. The results indicated that aligning with the US CFR 117 could improve cargo pilot availability in Brazil by 34.28%, with a potential cost savings of up to $3.6 million for an airline of that size. This research highlights the importance of flexibility and adaptation in fatigue management and mental health programs for pilots in the aviation industry, particularly cargo operations. Introducing more flexible fatigue regulations for cargo pilots could lead to operational efficiencies and potential cost savings without compromising safety. Further research needs to explore the impacts of these changes on passenger operations and to gather feedback from pilots and unions regarding extended pilot schedules. The proposed regulatory changes focused on maximum duty time, flight hours, rest periods, and monthly/annual limits

Grau de incapacidade, níveis de dor, força muscular e função eletromiográfica em portadores de hanseníase com lesão do nervo fibular comum

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function (RMS) in individuals with leprosy. METHODS: We assessed 29 individuals with leprosy showing common peroneal nerve damage and grade 1 or 2 disability who were referred for physiotherapeutic treatment, as well as a control group of 19 healthy participants without leprosy. All subjects underwent analyses of degree of disability, electromyographic tests, voluntary muscle force, and the Visual Analog Pain Scale. RESULTS: McNemar's test found higher levels of grade 2 of disability (Δ = 75.9%; p = 0.0001) among individuals with leprosy. The Mann-Whitney test showed greater pain levels (Δ = 5.0; p = 0.0001) in patients with leprosy who had less extension strength in the right and left extensor hallucis longus muscles (Δ = 1.28, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.55, p = 0.0001, respectively) and dorsiflexion of the right and left feet (Δ = 1.24, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.45, p = 0.0001, respectively) than control subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the RMS score for dorsiflexion of the right (Δ = 181.66 m·s-2, p = 0.001) and left (Δ = 102.57m·s-2, p = 0.002) feet was lower in patients with leprosy than in control subjects, but intragroup comparisons showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy had a negative influence on all of the study variables, indicating the need for immediate physiotherapeutic intervention in individuals with leprosy. This investigation opens perspectives for future studies that analyze leprosy treatment with physical therapeutic intervention.INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o grau de incapacidade, níveis de dor, força muscular e a função eletromiográfica (RMS) em indivíduos portadores de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta de um grupo de 29 sujeitos portadores de hanseníase, apresentando lesão do nervo fibular comum e grau 1 ou 2 de incapacidade, com indicação ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, e um grupo controle de 19 indivíduos saudáveis, sem hanseníase. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à análise do grau de incapacidade, testes de eletromiografia, de força muscular voluntária e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para a dor. RESULTADOS: O teste de McNemar mostrou maior prevalência do grau dois de incapacidade (Δ=75,9%; p=0,0001) entre os indivíduos com hanseníase. O teste de Mann-Whitney revelou maiores níveis de dor (Δ=5,0; p=0,0001) nos pacientes com hanseníase apresentando menores níveis de força muscular da extensão do hálux direito e esquerdo (Δ=1,28, p=0,0001; Δ=1,55, p=0,0001) e flexão dorsal do pé direito e esquerdo (Δ=1,24, p=0,0001; Δ=1,45, p=0,0001) do que os indivíduos sem hanseníase. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis revelou que os valores do RMS da flexão dorsal dos pés direito (Δ=181,66m.s-², p=0,001) e esquerdo (Δ=102,57m.s-2, p=0,002) apresentaram menores valores que o grupo controle em ambos os lados, mas as comparações intragrupos não mostraram diferenças. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a hanseníase altera todas as variáveis analisadas na pesquisa, indicando a necessidade de intervenção fisioterapêutica imediata nos sujeitos com Hanseníase. Esta investigação abre perspectivas de futuras pesquisas que analisem o tratamento da hanseníase com intervenção fisioterapêutica.Universidade Estadual do Piauí Centro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Laboratório de Biociências da Motricidade HumanaHospital Getúlio Vargas Clínica DermatológicaEscola de Educação Física do Exército BrasileiroFundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro Laboratório de Doenças ParasitáriasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Laboratório de Aspectos Moleculares Associados a Doenças GenéticasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Antibacterial Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canal Disinfection Combined with Different Irrigation Protocols

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging alternative therapy to conventional endodontic treatment to optimize bacterial elimination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of PDT combined with different irrigation protocols on root canals inoculated with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis. Methods and Materials: Ninety uni-radicular human premolars were prepared and contaminated with E. faecalis for 4 days. Teeth were randomly divided into six groups: positive control group (C+) consisted of conventional needle irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); negative control group (C-) consisted of no treatment after contamination; PDT group as treated with 0.005% methylene blue and diode laser irradiation for 90 sec at wavelength of 660 nm, energy of 9 Joules, power of 100 mW; the fourth group consisted of  NaOCl+PDT, the fifth group were treated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with NaOCl+PDT (PUI+PDT); and the final group were treated with XP Endo Finisher with NaOCl+PDT (XP Endo+PDT). The contents of the root canals were collected with sterile absorbent paper points at two times: before and 24 h after decontamination protocols. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined for each root canal. ANOVA and the Tukey test were used, with significance set at 5% (P<0.05). Results: The inhibition percentage ranged from 10.72 (C-) to 100% (XP Endo+PDT), with CFU/mL counts differing among all protocols tested (P<0.05). The different protocols significantly influenced bacterial inhibition (P<0.05). However, the XP Endo+PDT protocol resulted in the highest inhibition percentage (100%), followed by NaOCl+PDT (65.85%). Conclusions: PDT combined with different final irrigation protocols was more effective in inhibiting E. faecalis growth than photodynamic therapy alone. XP Endo was the best irrigation protocol to eradicate this microorganism.Keywords: Biofilm; Endodontics; Enterococcus faecalis; Photodynamic Therap

Pain in leprosy patients undergoing neural mobilisation treatment

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da técnica de mobilização neural sobre a percepção da dor em portadores de hanseníase. A amostra de 56 indivíduos portadores de hanseníase foi randomizada em: grupo experimental (GMN) composto por 29 indivíduos submetidos ao tratamento com mobilização neural e grupo controle (GC) composto por 27 indivíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento convencional. A percepção da dor foi avaliada através da Escala Visual Analógica, indicando-se em uma extremidade a marcação de ausência de dor e na outra, pior dor imaginável. O GMN foi submetido ao tratamento utilizando a técnica de mobilização neural, que consistiu de dezoito atendimentos (seis semanas), três vezes por semana. O GC foi submetido ao tratamento convencional com exercícios de flexibilidade, fortalecimento, com uso de exercitadores de tornozelo ou de recursos eletroterápicos. O GMN apresentou redução significativa (p=0,000) na percepção da dor ao comparar o pré e o pós-teste e na comparação com o GC no pós-teste. O GC não apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,520). Conclui-se que a utilização da técnica de mobilização neural promoveu redução nos níveis de dor em portadores de hanseníase.This Study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilisation technique on pain in patients with leprosy. A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomised into an experimental group (GMN), composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilisation, and the control group (CG) of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. We evaluated the perception of pain by Visual Analogue Scale - EVA. The GMN underwent treatment using the neural mobilisation technique, which consisted of eighteen treatments (six weeks), at three times per week. The CG was subjected to conventional treatment. The GMN showed a significant reduction (p = 0.000) in pain perception when comparing the pre and post-test for the GMN and when comparing the GMN and CG in the post-test. The CG didn\u27t show any significant result (p=0.520). We concluded that the technique of neural mobilisation promote an improvement on reducing the pain in leprosy patients

Avaliação da dor em portadores de hanseníase submetidos à mobilização neural

This Study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilisation technique on pain in patients with leprosy. A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomised into an experimental group (GMN), composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilisation, and the control group (CG) of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. We evaluated the perception of pain by Visual Analogue Scale - EVA. The GMN underwent treatment using the neural mobilisation technique, which consisted of eighteen treatments (six weeks), at three times per week. The CG was subjected to conventional treatment. The GMN showed a significant reduction (p = 0.000) in pain perception when comparing the pre and post-test for the GMN and when comparing the GMN and CG in the post-test. The CG didn't show any significant result (p=0.520). We concluded that the technique of neural mobilisation promote an improvement on reducing the pain in leprosy patients.Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da técnica de mobilização neural sobre a percepção da dor em portadores de hanseníase. A amostra de 56 indivíduos portadores de hanseníase foi randomizada em: grupo experimental (GMN) composto por 29 indivíduos submetidos ao tratamento com mobilização neural e grupo controle (GC) composto por 27 indivíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento convencional. A percepção da dor foi avaliada através da Escala Visual Analógica, indicando-se em uma extremidade a marcação de ausência de dor e na outra, pior dor imaginável. O GMN foi submetido ao tratamento utilizando a técnica de mobilização neural, que consistiu de dezoito atendimentos (seis semanas), três vezes por semana. O GC foi submetido ao tratamento convencional com exercícios de flexibilidade, fortalecimento, com uso de exercitadores de tornozelo ou de recursos eletroterápicos. O GMN apresentou redução significativa (p=0,000) na percepção da dor ao comparar o pré e o pós-teste e na comparação com o GC no pós-teste. O GC não apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,520). Conclui-se que a utilização da técnica de mobilização neural promoveu redução nos níveis de dor em portadores de hanseníase

Physical-Chemical Characterization of Solid Waste Generated in the Water Industry: Case Study of the Water Treatment Stations of the Metropolitan Region of Recife

The objective of this research is to characterize the solid waste, commonly known as sludge, from the water treatment industry. Six main water treatment plants (Alto do Céu, Botafogo, Caixa d'água, Gurjaú, Suape and Tapacurá) were selected from the Metropolitan Region of Recife, managed by Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento. Nine samples were collected in the eleven month period in the discharge of the sludge from the decanters. These samples were characterized physico-chemically, based on the methodology of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2012). The results indicated average humidity of 93%, average COD around 30 g/L and BOD of 4.5 g/L, indicating sludge of low biodegradability. The average values of total solids were 72 g/L, with 75% corresponding to fixed residues and 25% to volatiles. High concentrations of aluminum (1000 mg/L) were observed, due to the use of aluminum sulphate as a coagulant, and iron, around 500 mg/L. This study assists the manager in the decision making of the sustainable management of the sludge, mainly in relation to the final disposal

Effect of running high-intensity interval training type of recovery on muscle injury and oxidative stress markers

Introduction: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is understood as vigorous activity, with different intensities, interspersed with periods passive or active recovery, which induces an acute physiological response. Two running HIITs were analyzed, and biochemical markers of muscle damage (MD) and oxidative stress (OS) were measured. Materials and Methods: 15 soldiers were submitted to anthropometric and VO2 max assessments. Subsequently, they performed treadmill running HIITs: (a) moderate to strong intensity and active recovery (HIIT AR) and, (b) moderate to strong intensity with passive recovery (HIIT PR). Venous blood samples were collected pre and post-tests for analysis of MD (lactate, creatine kinase - CK and lactate dehydrogenase - LDH), and OS (lipid peroxidation- LP, carbonyl protein - PC, total antioxidant activity -TAA and total sulfhydryl groups - TSG). Results: Comparing MD at baseline x HIIT PR, it was observed an increase in CK, LDH and lactate. At baseline x HIIT AR, a significant increase in CK, LDH and lactate. Comparing HIIT RP x HIIT AR, only lactate was significantly affected by HIITs. Comparing OS at baseline x HIIT PR, there was a significant increase in LP and PC. Baseline x HIIT AR, there was a reduction only at TSG, and comparing HIIT PR x HIIT AR, there was a reduction in LP/VO2, TSG and PC. Conclusion: Both protocols increased blood levels of MD, but comparing HIIT PR and HIIT AR, lactate and OS were higher at HIIT PR. It is noteworthy that HIIT AR is more effective in removing lactate and modulating redox metabolis

Physicochemical composition, yield and sensory acceptance of Coalho cheese obtained from Zebu’s cow milk

Los objetivos fueron evaluar el efecto de la raza sobre el polimorfismo genético de la kappa-caseína, la composición fisicoquímica de la leche y del queso Coalho, y el rendimiento del queso, así como evaluar el efecto de diferentes periodos de almacenamiento sobre la aceptación sensorial del queso Coalho obtenido a partir de leche de vacas Guzerat, Gyr y Sindi. Se seleccionaron veinte (20) vacas de razas cebú y se obtuvieron sus valores de frecuencia del polimorfismo genético de la kappa-caseína. La leche se sometió a un análisis de grasa, proteína, lactosa, sólidos no grasos y sólidos totales, conductividad eléctrica y cuenta de células somáticas. Los quesos se sometieron a análisis de grasa, proteína, sólidos totales, pH, humedad y rendimiento (g ST/L). Se evaluaron los atributos apariencia, aroma, textura y sabor en los días 1, 25 y 46 de almacenamiento. La frecuencia total fue de 0.70 para el genotipo AA y 0.30 para el genotipo AB. No hubo diferencias significativas en la composición de la leche entre las razas estudiadas. Sin embargo, hubo diferencias en la composición fisicoquímica (exceptuando la proteína) y el rendimiento de los quesos; pero todas las razas mostraron un rendimiento real similar. El periodo de almacenamiento tuvo efectos observables sobre los atributos sensoriales de los quesos en las diferentes razas, con la excepción de su apariencia. La leche de las razas Guzerat, Gyr y Sindi constituye una excelente materia prima para la producción de cuajada y garantiza una aceptación sensorial satisfactoria del producto a los días 1, 25 y 46 de almacenamiento.The aims were to evaluate the effect of breed on the genetic polymorphism kappa-casein, physicochemical composition of milk and Coalho cheese, and on cheese yield; and to evaluate the effect of different periods of storage on sensorial acceptance of the Coalho cheese obtained from milk of Guzerat, Gyr and Sindi cows. Twenty (20) cows of Zebu breeds were selected, from which it was obtained the frequency values of the genetic polymorphism kappa-casein. Milk were submitted to fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids and total solids, electrical conductivity analysis and somatic cell count. Cheeses were submitted to fat, protein, total solids, pH, moisture and yield (g TS/L) analysis. Attributes appearance, aroma, texture and flavor were judged at the 1st, 25th and 46th day of storage. There was a total frequency of 0.70 for genotype AA, 0.30 for genotype AB. There was no significant difference in milk composition among the studied breeds. However, there were differences in the physicochemical composition (with the exception of the protein) and the yield of the cheeses, but all the breeds showed a similar real yield. It was found effect of the storage period on the cheeses sensory attributes in the different breeds, with the exception of the appearance. The milk of the Guzerat, Gyr and Sindi breeds constitute an excellent raw material for the production of curd cheese and ensures a satisfactory sensorial acceptance of the product at the 1st, 25th and 46th days of storage