O impacto das exigências emocionais no engagement : o papel do coping social como variável mediadora

Tese de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2008A presente investigação tem como objectivo estudar o trabalho emocional envolvido na relação dos bombeiros com os seus colegas de turno e o impacto deste no engagement destes profissionais, e ainda o papel do coping social como variável mediadora desta relação. Para isto, recolheram-se dados sobre as exigências emocionais da função, as estratégias de coping e o engagement através da aplicação de questionários a 417 bombeiros sapadores, num total de 29 turnos. Os resultados permitem-nos concluir que o engagement se associa positivamente com o recurso a estratégias de coping activoprosocial e com a expressão de emoções positivas; por outro lado, relaciona-se negativamente com a expressão de emoções negativas e a utilização de estratégias de coping activo antisocial e passivo. Para alem disto, verificou-se que o coping activo prosocial medeia totalmente a relação entre exigências emocionais negativas e o engagement, e possui um efeito de mediação parcial da relação deste com as exigências emocionais positivas.The present investigation claims to study the emotional work involved in the relationship between the firemen and their team mates and its impact on the engagement of these workers, and the role of social coping as a mediation variable in this relation. To do so, we collected data about the emotional demands of the function, coping strategies and engagement data from a sample of 417 professional firemen, in a total of 29 teams. The results obtained allow us to conclude that engagement is positively related to the use of active-prosocial coping strategies and the expression of positive emotions; on the other hand, it is negatively related to the expression of negative emotions and, active antisocial and passive coping strategies. In addition to these results, it was also found that the active-prosocial coping entirely mediates the relationship between negative emotional demands and engagement, and has a partial mediation effect between engagement and positive emotional demands

Resistance of Clostridium difficile from ribotype 017 to imipenem: contribution of the whole genome sequencing

A infeção por Clostridium difficile é a principal causa de diarreia infeciosa associada aos cuidados de saúde. Neste estudo, caracterizámos um conjunto de estirpes clínicas de Clostridium difficile, provenientes de diversos hospitais portugueses, com o objetivo de estudar a resistência aos carbapenemos neste agente patogénico. Um total de 191 estirpes clínicas, isoladas entre 2012 e 2015 de 15 hospitais em Portugal, foram incluídas no estudo; a suscetibilidade ao imipenemo foi determinada por um método de gradiente de difusão em agar. Foram selecionadas estirpes sensíveis e resistentes ao imipenemo, para estudos fenotípicos adicionais e para contributo da sequenciação do genoma completo. A resistência ao imipenemo foi detetada em 24 (12,6%) das estirpes, 22 das quais pertencentes ao ribotipo (RT) 017 (apenas toxina B positivo), todas provenientes do mesmo hospital, durante o período em estudo, e com perfil de multiresistência. Pela análise dos dados de sequenciação dos genomas, foram identificadas duas substituições de aminoácidos (Ala555Thr e Tyr721Ser) nos domínios funcionais de duas enzimas envolvidas na síntese do peptidoglicano (penicillin-binding proteins - PBP). Uma PBP adicional foi também identificada nas estirpes RT017. Este estudo descreve pela primeira vez alterações em PBPs como base genética provável da resistência ao imipenemo em C. difficile.Clostridium dif ficile is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. Here, we characterized C. dif ficile strains isolated in Por tuguese hospitals, in order to search for impenem resistance and the underlying genetic determinants. Imipenem susceptibility testing by agar gradient dif fusion was per formed on 191 C. dif ficile strains, isolated from 15 portuguese hospitals, between 2012-2015. Some of the imipenem-resistant and imipenem-susceptible strains were selected for downstream phenotypic analyses and for whole genome sequencing (WGS). Resistance to imipenem was detected in 24 (12.6 %) strains, 22 of which were ribotype (RT) 017 strains, only positive for toxin B, isolated in the same hospital, and presenting resistance to several other antibiotics. Through analysis of WGS data, two amino acid changes (Ala555Thr and Tyr721Ser) targeting the transpeptidase domain of two penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) were identified. An additional PBP was also identified in this ribotype. We describe, for the first time, mutations in PBP-encoding genes as the probable genetic basis for C. dif ficile imipenem resistance.Este trabalho foi financiado pelo INSA (projeto 2016DDI1284) e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (bolsa de investigação no âmbito do projeto Pest-C/EQB/LA0006/2011; programa IF IF/00268/2013/CP1173/CT0006, a MS; bolsa de doutoramento PD/BD/105738/2014, a ALM).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Arbustus unedo essence: morphological and genetic characterization of the strawberry tree of Castelo de Paiva

O medronheiro é um arbusto da região mediterrânica que pode ser encontrada por todo o país. Ao contrário do que verifica na região sul do país, no concelho de Castelo de Paiva é atribuída uma reduzida importância económica a esta espécie. Com o intuito de preservar e potenciar a produção desta espécie e contribuir para a dinamização da economia do concelho, procedeu-se à caracterização morfológica e genética de uma amostra da população de medronheiros de Castelo de Paiva. A caracterização morfológica e genética foi realizada para um total de 10 genótipos. Para tal recolheram-se 70 folhas aleatoriamente em cada árvore. Em 40 folhas mediu-se o comprimento, largura, comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco, peso seco e determinou-se a área foliar. Dos caracteres morfológicos analisados, aqueles que se revelaram mais úteis na distinção dos vários genótipos foram: comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco e peso seco. As restantes 30 folhas foram utilizadas para a caracterização genética. Esta caracterização foi realizada recorrendo a um marcador de DNA, ISSR. Os 5 primeiros exemplaresutilizados na técnica de ISSR demonstraram-se polimórficos. Os resultados da caracterização genética sugerem que a variabilidade genética na população é média a alta.The strawberry tree is a shrub native in the Mediterranean region and it can be found throughout Portugal. Unlike the case in the southern region of the country, in Castelo de Paiva a minor economic importance is given to this species. In order to preserve, to enhance the production of this species and to contribute to the boosting of the economy of the region, we proceeded to the characterization of a small sample population of this fruit tree of Castelo de Paiva in what concerns to its morphology and genetics. The morphological and genetic characterization was performed for a total of 10 genotypes. For this, 70 leaves were randomly collected from each tree. For 40 leaves, it was measured the length, the width, the peduncle length, the wet weight, the dry weight and determined the leaf area. Of the morphological characteristics analyzed, the ones that proved most useful in distinguishing the various genotypes were: the length peduncle, the wet weight and the dry weight. The remaining 30 leaves were used in the genetic characterization. This characterization was performed using a DNA marker, the ISSR. The 5 primers used in the ISSR technique proved to be polymorphic. The results from the genetic characterization suggest that variability in population genetics is medium to high

Chromosome copy number changes carry prognostic information independent of KIT/PDGFRA point mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oncogenic point mutations in <it>KIT </it>or <it>PDGFRA </it>are recognized as the primary events responsible for the pathogenesis of most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but additional genomic alterations are frequent and presumably required for tumor progression. The relative contribution of such alterations for the biology and clinical behavior of GIST, however, remains elusive.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present study, somatic mutations in <it>KIT </it>and <it>PDGFRA </it>were evaluated by direct sequencing analysis in a consecutive series of 80 GIST patients. For a subset of 29 tumors, comparative genomic hybridization was additionally used to screen for chromosome copy number aberrations. Genotype and genomic findings were cross-tabulated and compared with available clinical and follow-up data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report an overall mutation frequency of 87.5%, with 76.25% of the tumors showing alterations in <it>KIT </it>and 11.25% in <it>PDGFRA</it>. Secondary <it>KIT </it>mutations were additionally found in two of four samples obtained after imatinib treatment. Chromosomal imbalances were detected in 25 out of 29 tumors (86%), namely losses at 14q (88% of abnormal cases), 22q (44%), 1p (44%), and 15q (36%), and gains at 1q (16%) and 12q (20%). In addition to clinico-pathological high-risk groups, patients with <it>KIT </it>mutations, genomic complexity, genomic gains and deletions at either 1p or 22q showed a significantly shorter disease-free survival. Furthermore, genomic complexity was the best predictor of disease progression in multivariate analysis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In addition to <it>KIT/PDGFRA </it>mutational status, our findings indicate that secondary chromosomal changes contribute significantly to tumor development and progression of GIST and that genomic complexity carries independent prognostic value that complements clinico-pathological and genotype information.</p

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review

Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease, and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe, and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites, and targeted public health agencies' websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year, or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis, we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis, and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, and avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

To be or not to be a self-leader and engaged in work? That is the question for individual innovation

JEL Classification System: D2 – Production and Organizations; D23 – Organizational Behavior – Transaction Costs – Property RightsThis dissertation concerns individual innovation. Its aims were to investigate which factors allow individuals to be innovative in their organizations, and how these factors interact to bring about innovation. To accomplish this we developed three empirical studies. In our first study, we considered self-leadership as a set of strategies that might have a positive impact on employees’ individual innovation. Our results showed the existence of 3 different clusters of self-leadership strategies and that individual innovation is more frequent when all self-leadership strategies are used. Our second study considered work engagement as a possible mechanism that acted in the relation between self-leadership and individual innovation. Our results evidenced a positive relationship between self-leadership, work engagement and individual innovation. Furthermore, they indicated that work engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between self-leadership and individual innovation. Our third study examined the longitudinal relationships between self-leadership, work engagement and individual innovation. The results supported the existence of a reciprocal model of relations. In addition, a positive effect of time emerged regarding constructive thought pattern strategies. Our findings indicate a dynamic relationship between these variables, and suggest that resourceful workforces can engender positive gain cycles along time. Overall, the results of our three studies contributed to the literature on individual innovation and allowed to clarify the positive role that self-leadership and work engagement have as paramount factors for individual innovation to occur. In addition, they provide insights into new ideas of interventions that may promote the development of individual innovation at work.Esta tese tem como principal foco a inovação individual. Tem como objetivos investigar quais os fatores e como é que esses fatores permitem que os indivíduos sejam inovadores nas suas organizações. Para isto foram desenvolvidos estudos empíricos. No estudo 1 considerou-se que a auto-liderança pode ter um impacto positivo na inovação individual dos colaboradores. Os resultados indicam a existência de três perfis de estratégias de auto-liderança e que a inovação é mais frequente quando todas as estratégias de auto-liderança são utilizadas em conjunto. O estudo 2 considerou o work engagement como um possível mediador da relação entre as variáveis estudadas anteriormente. Os resultados apoiam a existência de uma relação positiva entre as três variáveis. Além disso, sugerem um efeito mediador por parte do work engagement na relação entre a auto-liderança e a inovação individual. No estudo 3 examinou-se as relações longitudinais entre a auto-liderança, work engagement e a inovação individual. Os resultados suportam a existência de um modelo de reciprocidade de relações entre as variáveis. Além disso, verificou-se um efeito positivo de tempo sobre as estratégias de construção de pensamento positivo. Desta forma, existe indicação de uma relação dinâmica entre estas variáveis. Os resultados dos três estudos contribuem para a literatura sobre inovação individual e permitem esclarecer acerca do papel positivo que a auto- liderança e o work engagement têm como fatores importantes para que a mesma ocorra. Além disso, lançam ideias que possibilitam o desenvolvimento de intervenções que podem promover o desenvolvimento da inovação individual nas organizações.The Individual Doctoral Research Grant SFRH/BD/62603/2009, awarded to Catarina Joana Vieira Gomes, by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, financed the research project that led to the present doctoral thesis

Afogamento em idade pediátrica: experiência de uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Introdução: O afogamento é a segunda causa de morte acidental nas crianças, podendo resultar em lesões neurológicas permanentes. O objectivo deste estudo é caracterizar as crianças vítimas de afogamento internadas numa unidade de cuidados intensivos, as circunstâncias do acidente, gravidade e prognóstico. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo dos processos de internamento por afogamento numa unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos, de Janeiro de 2006 a Dezembro de 2012. Resultados: Foram internadas quinze crianças, dez do sexo feminino, com mediana de idades de onze anos (6 meses-15 anos). Os afogamentos ocorreram maioritariamente em água doce, entre Junho e Setembro. Seis afogamentos não foram presenciados. Nos restantes, a mediana do tempo de submersão foi 3,5 minutos (1-30). Quatro crianças estavam em paragem cardíaca à chegada da equipa médica e sete necessitaram de intubação endotraqueal. Foram transportadas directamente para a unidade oito crianças. Na admissão, oito crianças necessitaram de ventilação invasiva, três estavam hemodinamicamente instáveis e cinco tinham uma pontuação da escala de coma de Glasgow inferior a nove. Quatro crianças tinham evidência imagiológica de encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica e numa verificou-se traumatismo vértebro-medular. A mediana da duração de internamento foi três dias (1-38). Na transferência, três crianças tinham sequelas neurológicas graves; ocorreram dois óbitos. Nos casos com morbimortalidade, a mediana do tempo de submersão foi 30 minutos (1-30) e em quatro ocorreu paragem cardíaca. Discussão: Os afogamentos associam-se a elevada morbimortalidade, principalmente nos casos com maior tempo de submersão ou paragem cardíaca. É necessário reforçar as medidas de prevenção já existentes e instituir campanhas específicas para adolescentes

Resistência ao imipenemo em clone endémico de Clostridium difficile do ribotipo 017

Objetivos: Identificar estirpes clínicas resistentes aos carbapenemos; Caracterizar perfil de resistência; Identificar mecanismos de resistência; Avaliar a proximidade genética entre estirpes.N/