Role of green light in physiological activity of plants

Green light, along with other portions of the visible region of electromagnetic radiation, brings plants environmental information. Green light is a factor regulating the morphology of cells, tissues, and organs; photosynthesis; respiration and growth; and duration of stages of plant ontogenesis. This review summarizes the impact of the green light on the life of plants, and green light receptors and the mechanisms of its action are discussed

Complex bog landscape model (COMBOLA) as an integrated tool for modeling of biotic turnover and peat deposit processes

Biotic cycling in ecosystems consists of live organic matter production and dead organic matter destruction. The latter is accompanied by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In peatland landscapes, additional conditions are imposed due to the presence of a water table depth (WTD), under which the destruction is anaerobic with methane generation, while above the WTD it is aerobic, and part of the diffusing methane is consumed by the methanotrophic bacteria. Hence, due to the complexity of heat and water transfer processes in the peat deposit and the nonlinearity of biological turnover, it is necessary to make a combination of their models. The COmplex Model of BOg LAndscapes (COMBOLA) is a set of dynamic models of carbon and nitrogen turnover, net ecosystem exchange, water balance, heat and water transport, generation and transfer of CO2 and CH4 in a peat deposit on annual, seasonal, and daily time scales. The main component includes a series of biotic turnover models – from a mass-balance equation on an annual time scale to a NEE dynamics model on a daily one. Biotic turnover can be represented by a single carbon cycle, a single nitrogen cycle or both. Another important component of the COMBOLA system is a one-dimensional vertical model of heat-water-gas exchange in a peat deposit. Thus, a number of interconnected modules constitute an integrated mathematical model of peatland landscapes adapted to any given initial information

Электромагнитная дефектоскопия-толщинометрия многоколонных скважин методом переходных процессов

The transient electromagnetic method is the most effective in the studying of multi-string wells. First, the nonstationary field is measured after the current is turned off (without the primary field) that reduces the coil spacing to zero, i.e. combine the generator and receiver coils. This significantly improves the vertical characteristic of the probe, allows the probe to register small defects. Second, the non-stationary mode allows separating signals from the first, second, third, etc. strings much easier than the harmonic mode. It improves the accuracy of thickness estimation and defect detection. The paper proposes an algorithm for interpreting the measurement results.Метод переходных процессов является наиболее эффективным при исследовании многоколонных скважин. Во-первых, измерение нестационарного поля производится после выключения тока в отсутствие первичного поля, что позволяет сократить разнос катушек до нуля, т.е. совместить генераторную и приемные катушки. А это существенно улучшает вертикальную характеристику зонда, позволяет регистрировать малые дефекты. Во-вторых, при нестационарном режиме значительно проще разделить сигналы от первой, второй, третьей и т.д. колонн, чем при гармоническом режиме, что повышает точность вычисления толщины и определения дефектов. В работе предложен алгоритм интерпретации результатов измерени

Genetic diversity of the Russian sunflower breeding lines revealed by microsatellite loci analysis

The breeding of high-yielding sunflower varieties and hybrids requires the use of parent material with considerable genetic diversity. It can be identified using molecular genetic markers. The purpose of this study was the genotyping of sunflower lines bred by V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), developed in different ecological areas of cultivation, and to evaluate their genetic diversity using microsatellite loci. For the studies conducted in 2020-2022, there were used 23 lines from the Central experimental base (СEB), 17 lines from L.A. Zhdanov Don experimental station (DES), and 10 lines from the Armavir experimental station (AES). DNA was isolated from seedlings by the CTAB method. Samples were genotyped using 12 SSR markers. PCR products were separated in 8 % denaturing polyacrylamide gel or by capillary electrophoresis in a genetic analyzer. The main indicators of genetic diversity for all collections did not differ significantly from each other, and were moderate and increased in the collections of VNIIMK: AES – DES – CEB -the joint collection. In total there have been identified 37 alleles, an average 3.083 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 1.094 to 3.290 with an average value of 2.154. The values of the polymorphic information content (PIC) index ranged from 0.084 to 0.651, with an average of 0.434. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from zero to 0.071, 0.030, on average, and from 0.086 to 0.696, 0.500, on average, respectively. The number of shared alleles between different collections was 23. Molecular variation analysis revealed that most of the total variance (91 %) was due to differences between lines within each collection and 3 % to differences between collections. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the maternal lines from the collections of the CEB, DES, and AES of VNIIMK were mostly grouped into a cluster or subcluster separate from the paternal ones. The obtained results indicate a moderate genetic diversity of the studied sunflower lines of the breeding of VNIIMK and the existence of small differences between the collections

Ecological and environmental transition across the forested-to-open bog ecotone in a west Siberian peatland

Climate change may cause increasing tree cover in boreal peatlands, and the impacts of this encroachment will be noted first at forested-to-open bog ecotones. We investigate key metrics of ecosystem function in five such ecotones at a peatland complex in Western Siberia. Stratigraphic analysis of three cores from one of these transects shows that the ecotone has been dynamic over time with evidence for recent expansion of forested peatland. We observed that the two alternative states for northern boreal peatlands (forested/open) clearly support distinct plant and microbial communities. These in turn drive and respond to a number of feedback mechanisms. This has led to steep ecological gradients across the ecotones. Tree cover was associated with lower water tables and pH, along with higher bulk density, aquatic carbon concentrations, and electrical conductivity. We propose that the conditions found in the forested peatland of Western Siberia make the carbon sink more vulnerable to warmer and drier conditions

The effect of light of the different spectrum composition on the growth and hormonal complex of the plant leaf

The object of investigation: the fireballs, oats, frigole. The work is aimed at studying the growth and state of the hormonal plant leaf complex exposed to the blue, green and red light; at the investigation of the possible participation of the phytochrome system in the regulation of the hormonal balance of the leaf exposed to the blue and green light. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the plants leaf growth under the conditions of the short-time action and a continuous adaptation to the light of the different spectrum composition has been performed, its effect on the activity and phytohormones content has been shown. The possibility of the phytochrome participation in the regulation of the hormones level as the photoreceptors of the green and blue light has been underlined. The obtained data can be used when growing the plants in the closed soilAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Biological Productivity of Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Mires in the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia

Приводятся данные многолетних (1999-2007 гг.) измерений запасов биомассы, динамики прироста фитомассы и мортмассы, чистой первичной продукции (NPP) болотных биогеоценозов олиготрофного и эвтрофного типа, расположенных на территории южнотаежной подзоны Западной Сибири (Томская область). Выявлено, что запасы фитомассы и NPP эвтрофного болота почти в два раза выше по сравнению с олиготрофным. Динамика запасов фитомассы и мортмассы определяется видовым составом растительного покрова, трофностью местообитания и гидротермическими условиями. Выявлены зависимости между запасами биомассы трав, кустарничков и мхов и чистой первичной продукцией болотных экосистем.The results of long-term (1999-2007) investigations of Phytomass (above and below-ground living biomass), dynamics of phytomass and mortmass and net primary productivity of oligotrophic and eutrophic mire in southern taiga in Western Siberia (Tomskaya oblast) are presented. The storages of phytomass on different biogeocenoses of oligotrophic bog have similar values. Reserves of phytomass of eutrophic peatland are 2 times higher in comparision to oligotrophic bogs. Net primary production of different oligotrophic biogeocenosis has close values. NPP at eutrophic peatland is 1.7 times higher in comparision to oligotrophic bogs. The major part of production is provided by mosses and plant roots. The qualitative composition of phytomass depends on vegetation of the studied phytocenosis. The dynamics of phytomass and NPP depends on precipitation, air temperature, and water table level. The correlation between phytomass of herbs, shrubs and mosses and NPP peatland ecosystem are revealed

Role of green light in physiological activity of plants

Green light, along with other portions of the visible region of electromagnetic radiation, brings plants environmental information. Green light is a factor regulating the morphology of cells, tissues, and organs; photosynthesis; respiration and growth; and duration of stages of plant ontogenesis. This review summarizes the impact of the green light on the life of plants, and green light receptors and the mechanisms of its action are discussed

Biological Productivity of Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Mires in the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia

Приводятся данные многолетних (1999-2007 гг.) измерений запасов биомассы, динамики прироста фитомассы и мортмассы, чистой первичной продукции (NPP) болотных биогеоценозов олиготрофного и эвтрофного типа, расположенных на территории южнотаежной подзоны Западной Сибири (Томская область). Выявлено, что запасы фитомассы и NPP эвтрофного болота почти в два раза выше по сравнению с олиготрофным. Динамика запасов фитомассы и мортмассы определяется видовым составом растительного покрова, трофностью местообитания и гидротермическими условиями. Выявлены зависимости между запасами биомассы трав, кустарничков и мхов и чистой первичной продукцией болотных экосистем.The results of long-term (1999-2007) investigations of Phytomass (above and below-ground living biomass), dynamics of phytomass and mortmass and net primary productivity of oligotrophic and eutrophic mire in southern taiga in Western Siberia (Tomskaya oblast) are presented. The storages of phytomass on different biogeocenoses of oligotrophic bog have similar values. Reserves of phytomass of eutrophic peatland are 2 times higher in comparision to oligotrophic bogs. Net primary production of different oligotrophic biogeocenosis has close values. NPP at eutrophic peatland is 1.7 times higher in comparision to oligotrophic bogs. The major part of production is provided by mosses and plant roots. The qualitative composition of phytomass depends on vegetation of the studied phytocenosis. The dynamics of phytomass and NPP depends on precipitation, air temperature, and water table level. The correlation between phytomass of herbs, shrubs and mosses and NPP peatland ecosystem are revealed