48 research outputs found
Eficácia de estratégias de educação alimentar e nutricional em ambiente escolar
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto na composição qualitativa do lanche escolar de crianças, após a intervenção do nutricionista com um programa de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN). Tratou-se de um ensaio clínico não randomizado, com 26 crianças de 7-9 anos de uma escola privada de Governador Valadares-MG, sendo 15 do grupo experimental e 11 do grupo controle. Avaliou-se o lanche escolar, em relação à frequência de consumo de alimentos in natura, processados e ultraprocessados, durante três dias não consecutivos, antes e após a intervenção nutricional. O programa pautou-se nas recomendações atuais do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira, sendo 8 encontros consecutivos, realizados 2 vezes por semana, durante 30 minutos. Foram aplicados testes t - pareado e para amostras independentes, para comparação da composição qualitativa dos lanches, intragrupos e entre grupos (experimental e controle), respectivamente, antes e após a intervenção (?=5%). A correlação de Pearson foi aplicada para verificar associação entre renda e consumo alimentar. Em uma análise intragrupo, somente para o grupo experimental, a frequência de consumo de alimentos in natura (p=0,0006) e processados (p=0,01) aumentou, e dos ultraprocessados (p=0,0003) diminuiu, após intervenção. Houve redução na frequência de consumo de ultraprocessados (p=0,03), no grupo experimental versus controle, após intervenção. Verificou-se associação entre a renda e a frequência de consumo de fast-food (p=0,009). Conclui-se que ações de EAN são efetivas e eficientes para impacto no comportamento alimentar de crianças, propiciando melhoria nos lanches
Circunferência da cintura como indicador de gordura corporal e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes: comparação entre quatro referências
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade diagnóstica de quatro tabelas de referência para circunferência da cintura em adolescentes do sexo feminino para detecção de alterações lipídicas, hiperinsulinemia, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) elevado, hiperleptinemia e elevada adiposidade corporal. MÉTODOS: Avaliadas 113 adolescentes com idade entre 14 e 19 anos, provenientes de escolas públicas de Viçosa (MG). Em amostras de sangue foram dosados colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicerídeos, insulina e leptina. Determinado percentual de gordura corporal através de bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar. Pela medida de menor diâmetro abdominal foi determinada a circunferência da cintura do abdômen e calculados valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo. Foram elaboradas tabelas de contingência de classificação de circunferência da cintura em adolescentes para quatro critérios: Freedman et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2000; McCarthy et al., 2001; e Moreno et al., 2007. RESULTADOS: Valores de sensibilidade em geral foram baixos para as referências avaliadas, sendo os maiores obtidos para a de McCarthy et al. Ao contrário, as especificidades foram altas, principalmente para a tabela de Freedman et al. Os valores preditivos positivos foram mais relevantes para colesterol total e percentual de gordura corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Os pontos de corte para circunferência da cintura de McCarthy et al. demonstraram-se os mais adequados para avaliações populacionais. A proposta de Freedman et al. por apresentar maior especificidade, é útil para uso clínico e pode substituir a realização de exames de custo elevado que em muitos locais não se encontram ao alcance dos profissionais de saúde, como leptina e insulina.OBJECTIVE: Assess diagnostic validity of four reference tables for waist circumference in female teenagers in order to detect lipid alterations, hyperinsulin, elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), hyperleptinemia and excess of body adiposity. METHODS: A total of 133 female subjects, ranging from 14 to 19 years opf age , were evaluated. All adolescents were recruited from public schools in Viçosa/MG. Blood samples were collected for determination of fasting plasma cholesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, insulin and leptin. Percentage of body fat was determined through tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance. Using the smallest abdominal measure it was possible to determine waist circumference and calculated values of sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Waist circumference contingency tables were obtained using four criteria: Freedman et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2000; McCarthy et al., 2001; e Moreno et al., 2007. RESULTS: In general, sensibility values were low for circumferences assessed and the highest values were obtained for the table of Mc Carthy et al., on the other hand, specificity values were high considering the table of Freedman et al. The positive predictive values were more relevant for total cholesterol and body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Cutoffs for waist circumference used by Mc Carthy et al. were the most appropriate for populational assessments. Freedman's et al. proposal is appropriate for clinical use since it presents higher specificity. In addition, it can substitute high costs exams, out of the professionals' reach such as insulin and leptin
Adoecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram durante a pandemia da Covid -19: revisão integrativa
Objective: To describe what has been published about the illness of nursing professionals who acted in the face of the covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Integrative Bibliographic Review, carried out between July and August 2023, whose databases used were: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, SCIELO. The crossing of the data took place through the descriptors with the Boolean operator AND and OR. The inclusion criteria applied were original works, published and available in full, in Portuguese and in the time frame that makes up the period from 2020 to 2023. The selection of studies was performed by reading the title and abstract, and then reading the text complete. Those selected had their data and results extracted and tabulated. After reading, 10 articles remained to corroborate the discussion. Results and Discussion: 106 studies were identified; 10 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. With regard to methodology, most are quantitative research (n=6; 60%), 2 were qualitative research (20%) and 2 were experience reports (20%). The most recurrent health problems in the publications were stress, occupational stress, Bournout syndrome, anxiety, depression, physical and emotional exhaustion, often associated with the fear of being infected and transmitting the disease to family and friends. Conclusions: The exhausting routine, distance from family, psychological stress, lack of Personal Protective Equipment, physical and mental exhaustion can contribute to the illness of nursing professionals.Objetivo: Descrever o que tem sido publicado sobre o adoecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram no enfrentamento a pandemia de covid-19. Metodologia: Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa, realizada entre os meses de julho a agosto de 2023, cuja bases de dados utilizada foram: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, SCIELO. O cruzamento dos dados deu-se através dos descritores com o operador booleano AND e OR. Os critérios de inclusão aplicados foram trabalhos originais, publicados e disponíveis na íntegra, em português e no recorte temporal que compõe o período de 2020 a 2023. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada através da leitura de título e resumo, e seguida da leitura do texto completo. Os selecionados tiveram seus dados e resultados extraídos e tabulados. Após a leitura restaram 10 artigos para corroborar com a discussão. Resultados e Discussão: Foram identificados 106 estudos; 10 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na revisão. No que diz respeito a metodologia, a maioria se trata de pesquisas quantitativas (n=6; 60%),2 eram pesquisas qualitativas (20%) e 2 eram relatos de experiência (20%). Os problemas de saúde mais recorrentes nas publicações foram estresse, estresse ocupacional, síndrome de Bournout, ansiedade, depressão, exaustão física e emocional muitas vezes associados ao medo de serem infectados e transmitirem a doença a familiares e amigos. Conclusões: A rotina exaustiva, a distância familiar, o estresse psicológico, a escassez de Equipamentos de Proteção Individuais, o esgotamento físico e mental pode contribuir para o adoecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem
Racismo no Brasil- um fenômeno que perpassa as relações sociais/ Racism in Brazil- a phenomenon that waste social relations
Ao longo do tempo, é possível perceber que as a escravidão no Brasil deixou marcas que continuam visíveis e que perpassam as relações entre negros e brancos na atualidade. As muitas formas de opressão, a negação identitária, cultural, de direitos e a exclusão social, cuja gênese localiza-se no período colonial reverbera nos dias atuais não apagaram o desejo de homens e mulheres negras de lutarem pela sua liberdade e garantia de direitos. Neste artigo abordaremos a questão do racismo, que da mesma forma que grande parte dos fenômenos que assolam a população negra no Brasil, o racismo tem como consequência o preconceito, a discriminação racial e a vulnerabilidade social e ambiental, na perspectiva de uma construção social, que marca de forma negativa a vida das pessoas negras brasileiras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica relativa a uma questão social que está arraigada na vida de homens e mulheres marcados pelas muitas formas de adversidades impostas pelo preconceito
Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration after Oil Spill: Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Biofibers and Phycoremediation
Environmental accidents involving spills of oil and its derivatives in mangroves present themselves as difficult problems to be solved in the short term, as for example in the construction of emergency strategies to combat the arrival of oil stains and fragments. Petroleum its derivatives and the residues generated in this chain, have a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and are considered dangerous substances. This mixture is difficult to degrade and can cause multiple problems in the ecosystem. Our developed biofiber barrier removes oil more than five times in relation to its mass in a simple way and in a short time. However when the spilled oil reaches the mangroves, other biotechnologies were developed and applied such as phytoremediation (87% efficiency), the use of microalgae (94% efficiency) and the use of fungi and bacteria (70% efficiency). This chapter will present biotechnologies developed, patented and applied in cases of oil spills in tropical mangrove of Brazil. These generated biotechnologies have been applied together with civil society in tropical ecosystems that were hit by the Venezuelan oil spill in 2019. The use of advanced molecular biology (studies of genomics, transcriptome, proteomics and metabolomics) in the biotechnologies presented has shown a promising path to faster, viable economically and ecologically correct mangrove restoration
Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells
This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. Bailão, Ana Lídia Bonato, André C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, Cléber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, Flábio R. Araújo, Flávia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, João Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, Kláudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, Luís Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. Araújo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, Nádia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, Patrícia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets
Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Serum Alteration of Plasmalogens in Patients Infected With ZIKA Virus
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Since the large outbreaks in French Polynesia in 2013–2014 and in Brazil in 2015, ZIKV has been considered a new public health threat. Similar to other related flavivirus, ZIKV is associated with mild and self-limiting symptoms such as rash, pruritus, prostration, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, conjunctivitis, lower back pain and, when present, a short-term low grade fever. In addition, ZIKV has been implicated in neurological complications such as neonatal microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. Herein, serum lipidomic analysis was used to identify possible alterations in lipid metabolism triggered by ZIKV infection. Patients who presented virus-like symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, headache, exanthema, myalgia and pruritus were selected as the control group. Our study reveals increased levels of several phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid species in the serum of ZIKV patients, the majority of them plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (pPE) (or plasmalogens) linked to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Constituting up to 20% of total phospholipids in humans, plasmalogens linked to polyunsaturated fatty acids are particularly enriched in neural membranes of the brain. The biosynthesis of plasmalogens requires functional peroxisomes, which are important sites for viral replication, including ZIKV. Thus, increased levels of plasmalogens in serum of ZIKV infected subjects suggest a link between ZIKV life cycle and peroxisomes. Our data provide important insights into specific host cellular lipids that are likely associated with ZIKV replication and may serve as platform for antiviral strategy against ZIKV
Abordagens Terapêuticas Atuais para a Obesidade: Uma Análise da Literatura
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of current therapeutic approaches for obesity, exploring behavioral interventions, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological options, and bariatric surgery. Through a systematic literature review, the study highlights the ongoing efficacy of behavioral interventions, the diversity of promising pharmacological agents, and the long-term benefits of bariatric surgery. The review also emphasizes the importance of combined therapy and individualized treatment to optimize outcomes. Together, the findings offer a comprehensive insight into available strategies, informing clinical practice and guiding future research in obesity management.Este artigo apresenta uma análise abrangente das abordagens terapêuticas atuais para a obesidade, explorando intervenções comportamentais, modificações no estilo de vida, opções farmacológicas e cirurgia bariátrica. Utilizando uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o estudo destaca a eficácia contínua das intervenções comportamentais, a diversidade de agentes farmacológicos promissores e os benefícios a longo prazo da cirurgia bariátrica. A revisão também enfatiza a importância da terapia combinada e da individualização do tratamento para otimizar resultados. Em conjunto, os resultados oferecem uma visão abrangente das estratégias disponíveis, informando a prática clínica e direcionando futuras pesquisas na gestão da obesidade
How much leaf area do insects eat? A data set of insect herbivory sampled globally with a standardized protocol
Herbivory is ubiquitous. Despite being a potential driver of plant distribution and performance, herbivory remains largely undocumented. Some early attempts have been made to review, globally, how much leaf area is removed through insect feeding. Kozlov et al., in one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding global patterns of herbivory, have compiled published studies regarding foliar removal and sampled data on global herbivory levels using a standardized protocol. However, in the review by Kozlov et al., only 15 sampling sites, comprising 33 plant species, were evaluated in tropical areas around the globe. In Brazil, which ranks first in terms of plant biodiversity, with a total of 46,097 species, almost half (43%) being endemic, a single data point was sampled, covering only two plant species. In an attempt to increase knowledge regarding herbivory in tropical plant species and to provide the raw data needed to test general hypotheses related to plant–herbivore interactions across large spatial scales, we proposed a joint, collaborative network to evaluate tropical herbivory. This network allowed us to update and expand the data on insect herbivory in tropical and temperate plant species. Our data set, collected with a standardized protocol, covers 45 sampling sites from nine countries and includes leaf herbivory measurements of 57,239 leaves from 209 species of vascular plants belonging to 65 families from tropical and temperate regions. They expand previous data sets by including a total of 32 sampling sites from tropical areas around the globe, comprising 152 species, 146 of them being sampled in Brazil. For temperate areas, it includes 13 sampling sites, comprising 59 species