Assessment of adult formulas for glomerular filtration rate estimation in children

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an important diagnostic instrument in clinical practice. The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) guidelines do not recommend using formulas developed for adults to estimate GFR in children; however, studies confirming these recommendations are scarce. The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, and the Cockcroft-Gault formula in children with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 550 inulin clearance (iGFR) measurements for 391 children were analyzed. The cohort was divided into three groups: group 1, with iGFR >90ml/min/1.73m2; group 2, with iGFR between 60 and 90 ml/min/1.73m2; group 3, with iGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Results: All formulas overestimate iGFR with a significant bias (p < 0.001), present poor accuracies, and have poor Spearman correlations. For an accuracy of 10%, only 11, 6, and 27% of the eGFRs are accurate when using the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and Cockcroft-Gault formulas, respectively. For an accuracy of 30%, these formulas do not reach the NKF-KDOQI guidelines for validation, with only 25, 20, and 70% of the eGFRs, respectively, being accurate. Conclusions: Based on our results, the performances of all of these formulas are unreliable for eGFR in children across all CKD stages and cannot therefore be applied in the pediatric population grou

Risk of Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Swiss Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of infection and are frequently not up to date with their immunizations. OBJECTIVES This study aims to review vaccination status and evaluate whether age, disease type, or treatment regimen could predict the absence of seroprotection against selected vaccine-preventable infection in adults with IBD. METHODS Cross-sectional study using questionnaire, immunization records review, and assessment of tetanus-specific, varicella-specific, and measles-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01908283. RESULTS Among the 306 adults assessed (median age 42.7 years old, 70% with Crohn's disease, 78% receiving immunosuppressive treatment), only 33% had an immunization record available. Absence of seroprotection against tetanus (6%) was associated with increasing age and absence of booster dose; absence of seroprotection against varicella (1%) or measles (3%) was exclusively observed in younger patients with Crohn's disease. There was no statistically significant difference in immunoglobulin concentrations among treatment groups. Although vaccinations are strongly recommended in IBD patients, the frequencies of participants with at least 1 dose of vaccine recorded were low for nearly all antigens: tetanus 94%, diphtheria 87%, pertussis 54%, poliovirus 22%, measles-mumps-rubella 47%, varicella-zoster 0%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 5%, Neisseria meningitidis 12%, hepatitis A 41%, hepatitis B 48%, human papillomavirus 5%, and tick-borne encephalitis 6%. CONCLUSIONS Although many guidelines recommend the vaccination of IBD patients, disease prevention through immunization is still often overlooked, including in Switzerland, increasing their risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Serological testing should be standardized to monitor patients' protection during follow-up as immunity may wane faster in this population

Analysis of the Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Complement of Lactobacillus casei and Characterization of the Major γ-D-Glutamyl-L-Lysyl-Endopeptidase

Peptidoglycan (PG) is the major component of Gram positive bacteria cell wall and is essential for bacterial integrity and shape. Bacteria synthesize PG hydrolases (PGHs) which are able to cleave bonds in their own PG and play major roles in PG remodelling required for bacterial growth and division. Our aim was to identify the main PGHs in Lactobacillus casei BL23, a lactic acid bacterium with probiotic properties

URTICAIRE CHRONIQUE ET INFECTION GASTRIQUE A HELICOBACTER PYLORI (ETUDE COMPARATIVE ET PROSPECTIVE)

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Réactions d hypersensibilité immédiates après injection de produits de contraste iodés

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Simulating the elimination of sleeping sickness with an agent-based model

Although Human African Trypanosomiasis is largely considered to be in the process of extinction today, the persistence of human and animal reservoirs, as well as the vector, necessitates a laborious elimination process. In this context, modeling could be an effective tool to evaluate the ability of different public health interventions to control the disease. Using the Cormas® system, we developed HATSim, an agent-based model capable of simulating the possible endemic evolutions of sleeping sickness and the ability of National Control Programs to eliminate the disease. This model takes into account the analysis of epidemiological, entomological, and ecological data from field studies conducted during the last decade, making it possible to predict the evolution of the disease within this area over a 5-year span. In this article, we first present HATSim according to the Overview, Design concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol that is classically used to describe agent-based models, then, in a second part, we present predictive results concerning the evolution of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the village of Lambi (Cameroon), in order to illustrate the interest of such a tool. Our results are consistent with what was observed in the field by the Cameroonian National Control Program (CNCP). Our simulations also revealed that regular screening can be sufficient, although vector control applied to all areas with human activities could be significantly more efficient. Our results indicate that the current model can already help decision-makers in planning the elimination of the disease in foci

Simulating the elimination of sleeping sickness with an agent-based model

Although Human African Trypanosomiasis is largely considered to be in the process of extinction today, the persistence of human and animal reservoirs, as well as the vector, necessitates a laborious elimination process. In this context, modeling could be an effective tool to evaluate the ability of different public health interventions to control the disease. Using the Cormas® system, we developed HATSim, an agent-based model capable of simulating the possible endemic evolutions of sleeping sickness and the ability of National Control Programs to eliminate the disease. This model takes into account the analysis of epidemiological, entomological, and ecological data from field studies conducted during the last decade, making it possible to predict the evolution of the disease within this area over a 5-year span. In this article, we first present HATSim according to the Overview, Design concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol that is classically used to describe agent-based models, then, in a second part, we present predictive results concerning the evolution of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the village of Lambi (Cameroon), in order to illustrate the interest of such a tool. Our results are consistent with what was observed in the field by the Cameroonian National Control Program (CNCP). Our simulations also revealed that regular screening can be sufficient, although vector control applied to all areas with human activities could be significantly more efficient. Our results indicate that the current model can already help decision-makers in planning the elimination of the disease in foci

Thermal analysis of a large geopolymer mortar monolith (2.7 m3^3) in an industrial waste container

International audienceMortars based on geopolymers have been proposed for the conditioning of several nuclear waste types, including magnesium-alloy scraps that are presently stored in legacy nuclear facilities. The qualification of the embedding process requires the confirmation that, during the setting of the geo-polymer matrix, the temperature rise does not exceed a threshold where adversarial consequences could be observed, such as increased scrap corrosion (accompanied with hydrogen production) or structural matrix disorders.An experimental qualification campaign has culminated in 2020 with the pouring of a large geopoly-mer mortar quantity (2.7 m$^3$) in an industrial-size cubic container, and the monitoring of the ensuing temperature transients inside the paste and on the package walls. In this paper, we present a numer-ical thermal model based on finite elements, we justify the hypothesis and adopted material parame-ters, and we compare the obtained simulated transients with the experimental result. The comparison between the measured temperatures and the calculated ones is rather acceptable. The agreement regarding the maximum temperature inside the mortar is especially satisfactory

Cross-reactions in patch testing with ketoprofen, fragrance mix and cinnamic derivatives.

International audienc