Simulación de una planta de producción de Acetaldehído en estado estacionario con estudio de rentabilidad

En respuesta a la necesidad de producir químicos con biomasa como materia prima y a generar fuentes renovables de energía, se realizó un estudio de la rentabilidad a doce años de un proceso productor de acetaldehído por deshidrogenación de etanol anhidro al 98.41% mol-g/mol-g, 25.00 ºC y 101.32 kPa, a partir de una simulación en estado estacionario en Aspen Hysys ® V8.4 -- En la que se utilizó un reactor de lecho empacado con catalizador cromita de cobre a unas condiciones de reacción de 285.00 ºC y 451.26 kPa, obteniéndose 14663.65 kg/h de acetaldehído al 99.36% mol-g/mol-g a 945.40 kPa y 10.03 ºC como producto principal y 771.06 kg/h de hidrógeno al 99.34% mol-g/mol-g a 13828.82 kPa y 25.00 ºC como subproducto -- La conversión en el reactor fue de 99.95% -- Los rendimientos para el acetaldehído y el hidrógeno fueron de 99.28% y 99.76%, respectivamente -- La rentabilidad de la planta dependió significativamente del costo del etanol anhidro, al adquirirse a un precio de 0.48 USD/kg la planta fue rentable, con un valor presente neto de 9,506,968 USD/kg y una TIR de 42%, mientras que cuando el precio de compra fue 0.9 USD/kg la planta no fue rentable y se tuvo una pérdida de 70,708,370 US

Oral health related quality of life in older adults assisting "IPS Universitaria" of Medellin and associated factors.

Introduction and objective: We aim to analyze the relationship between the oral health related quality of life, and self-perceived general and oral health indicators in elderly population assisted in the "IPS Universitaria" and to explore socio-demographic related factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 100 elderlies assisting health services in the IPS (2012), by means of surveys with socio-demographic, general and oral health information. The OHIP-14 (Oral health impact profile) was carried out. A descriptive analysis of the OHIP-14 was conducted for different variables and Prevalence Ratio were measure by means of multivariate models. Results: Higher response rates (up to 70%) were found in the dimensions "never" and "almost never" in OHIP-14. Worst indicators of impact prevalence of the OHIP-14 were found in women, population > 75 years, with low educative and socioeconomic status and in singles. A little more of third part of participants reported. Conclusions: Although in the majority of the respondents, their oral conditions did not execute a negative influence in the quality of life. In-depth analysis has shown inequalities gradients according to socio-demographic factors.Introducción y objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar la relación existente entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVRSB) con indicadores de salud general y salud bucal autopercibida en la población adulta mayor que consulta a la IPS Universitaria y explorar los factores sociodemográficos asociados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 100 adultos mayores que consultaron servicios de salud en la IPS (2012) mediante encuesta con información sociodemográfica, salud general y bucal. Aplicación del instrumento OHIP-14 (Perfil de Impacto de la Salud Oral en la Calidad de Vida). Descripción del OHIP-14 general y según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y de salud y cálculo de Razones de Prevalencia crudas y ajustadas mediante modelos multivariados. Resultados: Las mayores respuestas se concentraron en las opciones nunca o casi nunca, ocupando porcentajes superiores al 70%. Los peores indicadores de prevalencia se presentaron en mujeres, mayores de 75 años, bajo nivel educativo, estratos socioeconómicos bajos y en la población soltera. En general un poco más de la tercera parte reportaron 1 o más impactos en las dimensiones de la calidad de vida, con un promedio de 0,86 (IC95% 0,53- 1,19) y un puntaje total de severidad de 7,61 (IC95% 5,98- 9,24). Conclusión: Aunque en la mayoría de la población encuestada, su condición bucal no ejercía una influencia negativa en su calidad de vida, al analizar en profundidad se encontraron gradientes de desigualdad según factores sociodemográficos

Incidencia de complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados en salas: Estudio Multicéntrico

Introducción. El soporte nutricional genera complicaciones que deben detectarse y tratarse oportunamente. Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia de algunas complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados en salas generales que recibieron soporte nutricional en seis instituciones de alta complejidad. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, prospectivo en pacientes que recibieron soporte nutricional. Las variables estudiadas fueron diagnóstico médico, estado nutricional, duración del soporte, vía de acceso, tipo de fórmula y ocho complicaciones. Resultados. Se evaluaron 277 pacientes; 83% recibieron nutrición enteral y 17% parenteral. El 69,3% presentaron al ingreso riesgo de malnutrición o malnutrición severa. El 35,4% que recibieron nutrición enteral y el 39,6 % de los que recibieron parenteral presentaron complicaciones, sin diferencia significativa por tipo de soporte (p = 0,363). Para la nutrición enteral, la complicación más incidente fue el retiro de sonda (14%) seguida de la diarrea (8,3%); se encontró asociación de la duración del soporte con la diarrea, estreñimiento y retiro de sonda (p < 0,05). Para la nutrición parenteral, la hiperglicemia fue la complicación de mayor incidencia (22,9%) seguida por la hipofosfatemia (12,5%); todas las complicaciones se asociaron con la duración del soporte (p < 0,05); en el 24,2% de los pacientes fue suspendido el soporte. Conclusiones. Las complicaciones del soporte nutricional en pacientes de salas fueron frecuentes, mayor incidencia el retiro de sonda y la hiperglicemia. La duración mostró asociación con las complicaciones. La aplicación estricta de los protocolos podría disminuir el riesgo de las complicaciones y potenciar los beneficios del soporte nutricional. Introduction: Nutritional support generates complications that must be detected and treated on time. Objective: To estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in patients admitted to general hospital wards who received nutritional support in six high-complexity institutions. Methods: Prospective, descriptive and multicentric study in patients with nutritional support; the variables studied were medical diagnosis, nutritional condition, nutritional support duration, approach, kind of formula, and eight complications. Results: A total of 277 patients were evaluated; 83% received enteral nutrition and 17% received parenteral nutrition. Some 69.3% presented risk of malnourishment or severe malnourishment at admittance. About 35.4% of those receiving enteral nutrition and 39.6% of the ones who received parenteral nutrition had complications; no significant difference per support was found (p = 0.363). For the enteral nutrition, the most significant complication was the removal of the catheter (14%), followed by diarrhea (8.3%); an association between the duration of the enteral support with diarrhea, constipation and removal of the catheter was found (p < 0.05). For parenteral nutrition, hyperglycemia was the complication of highest incidence (22.9%), followed by hypophosphatemia (12.5%); all complications were associated with the duration of the support (p < 0.05). Nutritional support was suspended in 24.2% of the patients. Conclusions: Complications with nutritional support in hospital-ward patients were frequent, with the removal of the catheter and hyperglycemia showing the highest incidence. Duration of the support was the variable that revealed an association with complications. Strict application of protocols could decrease the risk for complications and boost nutritional support benefits

Incidence of nutritional support complications in patient hospitalized in wards. Multicentric study

Introduction: Nutritional support generates complications that must be detected and treated on time. Objective: To estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in patients admitted to general hospital wards who received nutritional support in six high-complexity institutions. Methods: Prospective, descriptive and multicentric study in patients with nutritional support; the variables studied were medical diagnosis, nutritional condition, nutritional support duration, approach, kind of formula, and eight complications. Results: A total of 277 patients were evaluated; 83% received enteral nutrition and 17% received parenteral nutrition. Some 69.3% presented risk of malnourishment or severe malnourishment at admittance. About 35.4% of those receiving enteral nutrition and 39.6% of the ones who received parenteral nutrition had complications; no significant difference per support was found (p = 0.363). For the enteral nutrition, the most signi!cant complication was the removal of the catheter (14%), followed by diarrhea (8.3%); an association between the duration of the enteral support with diarrhea, constipation and removal of the catheter was found (p < 0.05). For parenteral nutrition, hyperglycemia was the complication of highest incidence (22.9%), followed by hypophosphatemia (12.5%); all complications were associated with the duration of the support (p < 0.05). Nutritional support was suspended in 24.2% of the patients. Conclusions: Complications with nutritional support in hospital-ward patients were frequent, with the removal of the catheter and hyperglycemia showing the highest incidence. Duration of the support was the variable that revealed an association with complications. Strict application of protocols could decrease the risk for complications and boost nutritional support benefits

Número 1: Cuaderno Javeriano de Comunicación, claves para urbanizar el campo de la Comunicación

Este número presenta artículos relativos a campos de aplicación de la formación comunicológica tales como la educación, la ecología y las políticas públicas, entre otros. La propuesta permite vislumbrar el carácter práctico del campo, en tanto que permite la descripción de prácticas sociales asociadas con fines socialmente relevantes

Research, Innovation and Extension to the service to society, in the framework of the Sixth Conference on Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK)

Annually, the Technological University of Pereira has been carrying out some events in the line of Social Appropriation of Knowledge. This has been done through the research, innovation, and extension Vice Rectory, moreover, these sessions are framed within the institutional objective: “Define and direct the guidelines for the institutional research that strengthen the research groups and the Seedbeds, through the formation of researchers, the development of science, technology, and innovation projects or programs, as well as the generation of networks and strategic partnerships that contribute to the creation and appropriation of knowledge for the society”. Therefore, the 6th Social Appropriation of Knowledge event took place under the title of “The research, Innovation, and Extension at the service of society” which was constituted as an academic and institutional opportunity where the results of the research projects from the last 5 years were published. The results of this event revealed, once again, the high academic level in investigation development at the university. There were 11 articles divided into 6 fields: Health, Engineering, Technology, Education, Industrial Technology, and Art, in which the results obtained by the research projects from the investigation groups were shown, promoting a knowledge exchange from their authors whose intellectual formation is diverse. With this publication, as part of a permanent effort to socialize the knowledge, the university promotes the circulation of its professors, students, and general community voices, having in mind that knowledge must be transferred through different channels, strengthening the academy and society in general, according to the institutional mission that invites us to incentivize a research culture in the university community.Presentation........................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. Health Teaching during the pandemic: what changes did professors implement? Results of a survey in a Colombian medical program. ........................................... 9 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez ,Rodolfo Adrián Cabrales Vega, Jairo Franco Londoño, Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Víctor Manuel Patiño Suárez Evaluation of the effectiveness of a rat, rabbit and human intestine decellularization protocol...................................................................................... 19 Julio César Sánchez Naranjo, Laura Victoria Muñoz Rincón, Andrés Felipe Quiroz Ma zuera, Andrés Mauricio García Cuevas, Cristhian David Arroyave Durán, Fabián David Giraldo Castaño, Álvaro Guerra Solarte, Juliana Buitrago Jaramillo Exploration of the filtering functions of the intestine through a filtering loop model: an experimental approach towards a feasible renal replacement.............. 31 Julio César Sánchez Naranjo, Laura Victoria Muñoz Rincón, Andrés Mauricio García Cuevas, Álvaro Guerra Solarte y Juliana Buitrago Jaramillo Chapter 2. Engineering Identification of sociodemographic factors using multivariate analysis related to the dropout of Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira undergraduate students.... 47 Nelcy N Atehortua-Sanchez, Paula Marcela Herrera, Julian D Echeverry Correa Design and Construction of an HVDC-MMC Terminal on a Low Scale to Interconnection of Windfarms to the Electrical Grid........................................ 61 Diego Alberto Montoya Acevedo, Andrés Escobar Mejía Chapter 3. Technologies Preliminary study of cytototoxic and bactericidal activities of nonpolar extracts from seeds and peel of Persea americana cv Lorena ............................................ 85 Gloria Edith Guerrero Alvarez, Daniel Steven Fernández, Daniela Londoño Ramirez Cytototoxic and bactericidal activities of nonpolar extracts from seeds and peel of Persea americana cv Hass..................................................................................... 95 Gloria Edith Guerrero Alvarez, Gustavo Alfonso Cifuentes Colorado, Paula Daniela Sandoval Mossos Chapter 4. Education Pedro Henríquez Ureña traveler and Cosmopolitan ........................................... 107 William Marín Osorio Reading and writing in the training of our teachers: a commitment of all ......... 133 María Gladis Agudelo Gil, Gloria Inés Correa Aristizábal Chapter 5. Industrial engineering Tasks design to promote metacognitive regulation in discrete event simulation ......................................................................................................... 151 María Elena Bernal Loaiza, Manuela Gómez Suta, Rosario Iodice CONTENIDO Chapter 6. Arts The media feuilleton, between fiction and reality............................................... 169 Teresita Vásquez Ramíre