Effects of salt stress levels on five maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars at germination stage

To investigation the effects of salt stress levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl) on five maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars at germination stage, this study was performed at Ardabil, Iran in 2011. The results showed that in all cultivars, as the salt concentration increased, both germination percentage and germination index decreased significantly. Increasing salt concentration affected the early seedling growth in all cultivars. There were differences in responses of cultivars to salt stress. For all salt concentrations, Golden west had the highest germination percentage and germination index. Salt concentration decreased shoot and root dry weight. BC678 and Golden west had the lowest reduction of shoot and root dry weight, respectively. OS 499 had the highest reduction of shoot and root dry weight in this study; Golden west showed better results than the other cultivars in respect to salt tolerance index. The results show that Golden west was the cultivar to be recommended for saline soils. OS499 was more sensitive to salinity in this study.Key words: Corn, germination, salt stress, NaCl, germination index

The Effect of Drought Stress on the Superoxide Dismutase and Chlorophyll Content in Durum Wheat Genotypes

Background: Drought stress is one of the most limiting factors of plant production around the world. So, finding a way for increasing genotypes resistance is so important. Free radicles and other dynamic subordinates of oxygen inactivate chemicals and significant plant cell parts. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been distinguished as essential parts in a creature's guard system.Methods: This examination was carried out to examine the SOD movement in 8 durum wheat genotypes from Iran and Azerbaijan under two different conditions in 2015-2016 cropping year. The impact of dry season weight on SOD, chlorophyll content list (CCI), and chlorophyll debasement were examined. Critical contrasts among genotypes and the genotype × climate collaboration among SOD and CCI content were distinguished.Results: The mean examination indicated that the substance of SOD and CCI diminished in susceptible genotypes, while tolerant genotypes SOD and CCI stayed unaltered or increased. For measuring drought tolerance, the stress tolerance index (STI) used. The correlation between STI for Chlorophyll and Chlorophyll CI in drought was significant at 0.01 levels. The pressure resilience list (STI) for SOD and CCI characterized safe and defenseless genotypes into unmistakable gatherings.Conclusion: Hence, these 2 characters can be utilized as a Selection index for screening dry spell safe plant materials.Keywords: Durum wheat, Drought stress, SOD, ST

Investigation of the effect of end season drought stress on morphological on Durum wheat genotypes

Background: Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the yield of crops, especially in semi-arid regions of the world. Therefore, studying and investigating plants resistant to these conditions can be useful for the agricultural industry and the country's economy.Methods: To evaluate this capacity overall performance grain durum wheat genotypes in drought conditions and overview a number of the developments related to yield, and a few decided on advanced genotypes, 10 genotypes of Durum wheat within side the 2017-2018 cropping year.Results: The evaluation of variance confirmed great variations among the developments evaluated in phrases of strain and there has been no tension. Also, amongst genotypes in phrases of height, important spike length, grain weight, and there has been a great distinction in yield. Performing evaluation Factor, via evaluation, most important four additives 82.67 percentage of overall running modifications have been justified.Conclusion: The consequences imply the significance of component coefficients traits of overall and fertile tillers, main spike length, 1000-seed weight, and yield decided on genotypes is suitable for dry conditions

Disrupting the CD47-SIRPα anti-phagocytic axis by a humanized anti-CD47 antibody is an efficacious treatment for malignant pediatric brain tumors

Morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric malignant primary brain tumors remain high in the absence of effective therapies. Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells via blockade of the anti-phagocytic CD47-SIRPα interaction using anti-CD47 antibodies has shown promise in preclinical xenografts of various human malignancies. We demonstrate the effect of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody, Hu5F9-G4, on five aggressive and etiologically distinct pediatric brain tumors: group 3 medulloblastoma (primary and metastatic), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Hu5F9-G4 demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models. Intraventricular administration of Hu5F9-G4 further enhanced its activity against disseminated medulloblastoma leptomeningeal disease. Notably, Hu5F9-G4 showed minimal activity against normal human neural cells in vitro and in vivo, a phenomenon reiterated in an immunocompetent allograft glioma model. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is a potentially safe and effective therapeutic agent for managing multiple pediatric central nervous system malignancies

Amplification of Tumor Transcripts from Limited Quantity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue Samples

To examine the template-switching technology accompanied by in vitro transcription (the Switch Mechanism At the 5ʹ end of Reverse Transcript) to amplify enough amount of mRNA as input for gene expression experiments. We amplified limited quantity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) transcripts samples using generated ds cDNA as template and in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction. In addition, the quality and quantity of amplified mRNA were assessed by comparative real-time PCR of genes such as stem cell markers CD44, OCT4 and SNAIL as well as MAGE-A4 as a cancer-testis antigens, and XRCC5 as an underexpressed gene in ESCC.The results obtained from this study demonstrated that optimal amounts of mRNA are generated by template-switching and IVT reaction. Integrity and purity of all RNA samples were assessed. By using this approach, over 10 micrograms of amplified mRNA were generated from 100 ng of starting total RNA. The results of comparative real-time PCR of five genes with different levels of expression illustrated that the expression level of amplified sense RNA was almost similar when compared with non-amplified RNA. Our results clearly showed the usefulness of the T7-based IVT technique for amplification of limited quantity of input total RNA

Effect of Cold Stress on Germination and Growth of Wheat Cultivars

ABSTRACT This laboratory experiment was carried out in the Agricultural College of the Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2010. It was conducted by factorial design with two factor and three replications, content 30 grain to per replication. Factor A include three temperature levels (2, 3 and 5° C) and factor B, include five wheat cultivars (Gaspard, MV17, Sardary, Cascogen and Bezostaya) were used in this experiment. Result showed that velocity of seed was lowest in the 2° C and Gaspard, Sardary, Cascogen and Bezostaya have highest velocity of seed, respectively. Therefore, greatest, seed velocities belong to Bezostaya cultivar in the 5° C temperature. Lowest, seed velocity related to MV17 in the 2° C temperature. For the number of roots, Cascogen cultivar with greatest and Gaspard cultivar with lowest of number roots were determined. Sardary cultivar has highest coleoptiles length. In the final result, Bezostaya cultivar was arranged in the first and highest level, between five cultivar, for cold stress characteristics and Sardary cultivar was showed second level, significantly in comparison of the another cultivars

Lung-derived innate cytokines: new epigenetic targets of allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy

Objective(s):Sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy is a safe and effective method for treatment of IgE-mediated respiratory allergies; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study was planned to test whether sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) can exert epigenetic mechanisms through which the airway allergic responses can be extinguished. Materials and Methods:BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged intranasally. Then, they received sublingual treatment with recombinant Che a 2 (rChe a 2), a major allergen of Chenopodium album. After SLIT, allergen-specific antibodies in sera, cytokine profiles of spleen cell cultures, mRNA and protein expression of lung-derived IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), and histone modifications of these three genes were assessed. Results:Following Immunotherapy, systemic immune responses shifted from Th2 to Th1 profile as demonstrated by significant decrease in IgE and IL-4 and substantial increase in IgG2a and IFN-γ. At local site, mRNA and protein levels of lung-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-33 and TSLP were markedly down-regulated following SLIT that was associated with marked enrichment of trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 at promoter regions of these two cytokines. Conclusion:In our study, sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant allergen effectively attenuated allergic immune responses, at least partly, by induction of distinct histone modifications at specific loci. Additionally, the lung-derived pro-allergic cytokines IL-33 and TSLP could be promising mucosal candidates for either monitoring allergic conditions or therapeutic approaches

MicroRNAs-Based Imaging Techniques in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Cancer is one of the most serious global health concerns in different populations. Several studies indicated that there are many potentially promising cellular and molecular targets for cancer therapy within cancer cells and their microenvironment. Among different cellular and molecular targets involved in cancer pathogenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) are well known as key targets for cancer therapy. miRNAs are one of main classes of non-coding RNAs. These molecules play important roles in different critical processes of cancer pathogenesis. Hence, this makes miRNAs as a suitable tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are different approaches for monitoring miRNAs in cancer patients. Some conventional approaches including next-generation sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), northern blotting, and microarrays could be used for assessment of miRNAs expression. Some studies revealed that the utilization of these approaches associated with various limitations. Recently, it has been revealed that molecular imaging techniques are powerful tools for monitoring of different cellular and molecular targets involved in various diseases such as cancer. These techniques help investigators to investigate and monitor miRNAs functions through assessing different targets by fluorescent proteins, bioluminescent enzymes, molecular beacons, as well as various nanoparticles. Therefore, utilization of molecular imaging techniques could assist investigators to better monitor and more effectively treat patients during different phases of malignancy. Here, we give a review on the current state of miRNAs-based imaging techniques in cancer diagnosis and therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 9999: 1-8, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc