Water Resource Management and Land Sustainable, the Case Study in Rafsanjan in Iran

Withdrawal of ground water resource in Rafsanjan plain is about 450 million cubic meters in 1974. In this year, according to the hydrological calculation approximately, 98 million cubic meters of capacity permitted the table, has been added to harvest. Therefore, Rafsanjan region been forbidden region since 1974. According to statistics data, in 2003, extraction rate of ground water are recorded about 750 million cubic meters. But approximately 250 million cubic meters per year had added to the harvest in stored groundwater. For this rezone the level of groundwater falls down 80 cm per year. This has been introduced of agent to loss of farm land residential areas of failure. Down the level of groundwater decreased water quality including high and rising Ec, so that not to meet the standard value. In the Rafsanjan plain the geological layers are different, then, in this region, opening layers of earth is horizontally and vertically. This phenomenon alongs with techtonic movement may be resulted to a tragic event in this area

The Effects of Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty on the Left Atrial Appendage Function in Patients With Sinus Rhythm and Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Mitral stenosis (MS) causes structural and functional abnormalitiesof the left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA), and studies show that LAA performance improves within a short time after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of PTMC on leftatrial function by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).Methods: We enrolled 56 patients with severe mitral stenosis (valve area less than1.5 CM2). All participants underwent mitral valvuloplasty; they also underwenttransesophageal echocardiography before and at least one month after PTMC.Results: Underlying heart rhythm was sinus rhythm (SR) in 28 patients and atrialfibrillation (AF) in remainder 28 cases. There was no significant change in the leftventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD),or the left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESD) before and after PTMC in bothgroups. However, both groups showed a significant decrease in the left atrial volumeindex (LAVI) following PTMC (P=0.032 in SR and P=0.015 in AF group). LAA ejectionfraction (LAAEF) and the LAA emptying velocity (LAAEV) were improved significantlyafter PTMC in both groups with SR and AF (P<0.001 for both).Conclusion: Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy improves left atrial appendage function in patients with mitral stenosis irrespective of the underlying heart rhythm

Characterization and Pharmacological Activities of Jellyfish, Chrysaora hysoscella Captured in Bushehr Port, Iran

Background: Cutaneous reactions like pruritus and erythema are common in warm months of the year in Bushehr Port, Persian Gulf, Iran due to jellyfish envenomation. This study reports isolation of the Chrysaora hysoscella nematocysts and evaluating its pharmacological activities during a bloom in 2013. Methods: The venom of C. hysoscella captured in Jofre area in Bushehr port was analyzed. The electrophoretic profile was assessed by SDS-PAGE (12.5%) and the crude sample was analyzed using reverse phase HPLC. Caseinase activity was also determined. Results: After separation of tentacles and isolation of their nematocysts, three different major protein components were revealed at 72-250 kDa with SDS-PAGE, signifying the presence of peptides in its venom. Two major peaks at 8.62 and 11.23 min were observed in reverse phase HPLC of the crude venom denoting protease peptide structural identities. Caseinase activity of C. hysoscella's venom was extremely low as compared with other jellyfish venoms. Conclusion: This was the first report on the structural examination of jellyfish in Persian Gulf and may pave the way for determination and separation of destructive enzymes inducing cutaneous reactions in fishermen and swimmers