Fortsetzungsantrag

Mit dem Programm Open Access Publizieren unterstützt die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) die Freie Universität Berlin als wissenschaftliche Hochschule seit 2012 bei der Finanzierung von Publikationsgebühren, die bei der Veröffentlichung von Artikeln in Open- Access-Zeitschriften anfallen, sofern Angehörige der Hochschule als „submitting author“ bzw. „corresponding author“ fungieren. Ziel des Programms ist der Aufbau dauerhafter und verlässlicher Strukturen zur Finanzierung von Open-Access-Publikationen. Jede antragstellende Hochschule muss einen fest definierten Eigenanteil des beantragten Fördervolumens aufbringen. Der vorliegende Antrag legt anhand von statistischen Daten und umfassenden Erläuterungen der infrastrukturellen Maßnahmen dar, wie die Freie Universität Berlin zur Verstetigung des Programms beiträgt.Through the Open-Access Publishing Program, the DFG supports research universities like the Free University of Berlin in financing publication fees which arise from the publication of articles in open-access journals, provided that members of the university are classified as "submitting author" or "corresponding author". The program objective is the formation of lasting, reliable structures for financing open-access publications. For that reason, universities submitting proposals must contribute a fixed share of the requested funding volume and explain in the proposal how the publication fund will be perpetuated. Based on statistical data and comprehensive explanations of the infrastructural measures, the present application presents how the Free University of Berlin contributes to the continuation of the program

A Large N400 but No BOLD Effect – Comparing Source Activations of Semantic Priming in Simultaneous EEG-fMRI

Numerous studies have reported neurophysiological effects of semantic priming in electroencephalography (EEG) and in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Because of differing methodological constraints, the comparability of the observed effects remains unclear. To directly compare EEG and fMRI effects and neural sources of semantic priming, we conducted a semantic word-picture priming experiment while measuring EEG and fMRI simultaneously. The visually presented primes were pseudowords, words unrelated to the target, semantically related words and the identical names of the target. Distributed source analysis of the event-related potentials (ERPs) successfully revealed a large effect of semantic prime-target relatedness (the N400 effect), which was driven by activations in a left-temporal source region. However, no significantly differing activations between priming conditions were found in the fMRI data. Our results support the notion that, for joint interpretations of existing EEG and fMRI studies of semantic priming, we need to fully appreciate the respective methodological limitations. Second, they show that simultaneous EEG-fMRI, including ERP source localization, is a feasible and promising methodological advancement for the investigation of higher-cognitive processes. Third, they substantiate the finding that, compared to fMRI, ERPs are often more sensitive to subtle cognitive effects

Processing multiple non-adjacent dependencies: evidence from sequence learning

Processing non-adjacent dependencies is considered to be one of the hallmarks of human language. Assuming that sequence-learning tasks provide a useful way to tap natural-language-processing mechanisms, we cross-modally combined serial reaction time and artificial-grammar learning paradigms to investigate the processing of multiple nested (A(1)A(2)A(3)B(3)B(2)B(1)) and crossed dependencies (A(1)A(2)A(3)B(1)B(2)B(3)), containing either three or two dependencies. Both reaction times and prediction errors highlighted problems with processing the middle dependency in nested structures (A(1)A(2)A(3)B(3-)B(1)), reminiscent of the 'missing-verb effect' observed in English and French, but not with crossed structures (A(1)A(2)A(3)B(1-)B(3)). Prior linguistic experience did not play a major role: native speakers of German and Dutch-which permit nested and crossed dependencies, respectively-showed a similar pattern of results for sequences with three dependencies. As for sequences with two dependencies, reaction times and prediction errors were similar for both nested and crossed dependencies. The results suggest that constraints on the processing of multiple non-adjacent dependencies are determined by the specific ordering of the non-adjacent dependencies (i.e. nested or crossed), as well as the number of non-adjacent dependencies to be resolved (i. e. two or three). Furthermore, these constraints may not be specific to language but instead derive from limitations on structured sequence learning.Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO) [446-08-014]; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (IBB/CBME, LA, FEDER/POCI) [PTDC/PSI-PCO/110734/2009]; Stockholm Brain Institute; Vetenskapsradet; Swedish Dyslexia Foundation; Hedlunds Stiftelse; Stockholm County Council (ALF, FoUU)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Women, work and menopause:Understanding the impact of menopausal symptoms on work outcomes

Menopause, or the final menstrual period, occurs on average at age 51. In the years before and after the menopause, women may experience symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, heavy menstrual bleeding, mood swings, difficulty concentrating, muscle and joint pain, and urogenital symptoms. Some women experience few symptoms, but a proportion of women have severe symptoms that affect their quality of life. Women may also experience problems in the workplace, sometimes preventing them from performing their tasks at the same level. The aims of this thesis were to find out whether there is an association between menopausal symptoms and work outcomes. To investigate whether healthcare providers are aware of a possible relationship between menopausal symptoms and work outcomes. Finally, to assess the effect of education about the climacteric on self-efficacy to work through the climacteric, experience of menopausal symptoms and work outcomes. The general introduction of this thesis forms Chapter 1. Chapter 2 analysed whether there was an association between menopausal symptoms and reduced work ability. A negative association was found between menopausal symptoms and work ability. Menopausal symptoms could predict a third of the variance in work ability in this group of women. Menopausal symptoms in the psychological and somatic domains were found to be particularly responsible for this. However, because of the cross-sectional design of the study, it is not possible to establish causality. Chapter 3 compared the work ability of the group of women in Chapter 2 with that of a group of women with severe menopausal symptoms. Women with severe menopausal symptoms were 8.4 times more likely to report low work ability than women with mild symptoms. More than three-quarters of the women with severe menopausal symptoms had low work ability, putting them at risk of long-term sickness absence. Chapter 4 describes a retrospective cohort study in which women with severe menopausal symptoms were followed over time from their first visit to a menopause clinic to a follow-up 3 to 9 months later. This chapter shows that treatment for menopausal symptoms is associated with an improvement in symptoms and is associated with an improvement in work ability. Improvement in depressive symptoms seems to be particularly important for this association. A survey was conducted among Dutch occupational health physicians, the results of which are described in Chapter 5. This survey investigated beliefs, social norms and self-efficacy (belief in one's own abilities) regarding the recognition of menopausal symptoms and the relationship between menopausal symptoms and work among occupational health practitioners. Most occupational health physicians believe there is a link between menopausal symptoms and reduced work productivity or absenteeism. More than half of those surveyed find it difficult to assess the relationship between menopausal symptoms and work. Moreover, more than a third say they do not have enough knowledge to ask about menopausal symptoms, let alone discuss treatment recommendations. More than three-quarters of occupational health professionals say there is a need for a national guideline on menopause and work. In addition, 56% of occupational health professionals acknowledge that there is a taboo about discussing menopausal symptoms at work. Chapter 6 describes the results of a workplace educational intervention on menopause on self-efficacy (belief in one’s own abilities) for working during the climacteric. This quasi-experimental study shows that female employees who received the educational intervention reported higher self-efficacy about working during the climacteric, were more knowledgeable about the menopausal transition and experienced less productivity loss due to menopausal symptoms than a control group of employees who did not receive the intervention. The general discussion forms Chapter 7, where the implications for practice are outlined

Adaptive working memory training reduces the negative impact of anxiety on competitive motor performance

Optimum levels of attentional control are essential to prevent athletes from experiencing performance breakdowns under pressure. The current study explored whether training attentional control using the adaptive dual n-back paradigm, designed to directly target processing efficiency of the main executive functions of working memory (WM), would result in transferrable effects on sports performance outcomes. A total of 30 tennis players were allocated to an adaptive WM training or active control group and underwent 10 days of training. Measures of WM capacity as well as performance and objective gaze indices of attentional control in a tennis volley task were assessed in low- and high-pressure posttraining conditions. Results revealed significant benefits of training on WM capacity, quiet eye offset, and tennis performance in the high-pressure condition. Our results confirm and extend previous findings supporting the transfer of cognitive training benefits to objective measures of sports performance under pressure

Wege aus der Vertrauenskrise

Psychology faces a so-called crisis of confidence as does sport psychology (see title of this special issue). While the debate on its causes and consequences is lively, the deduction of individual opportunities to collectively increase trust is missing. We propose ways out of this crisis and above all describe individual steps toward a reliable and open science. Reliable science refers to the publication of robust effects, as well as to direct and conceptual replications, and open science refers to transparency regarding the design (preregistration), the conducting (open material), and the analysis (open data, reproducible code) of scientific studies. The commitment to reliable and open science will change our behavior in the diverse roles within the scientific system (e.g., as researchers, reviewers, supervisors, editors, or members of commissions). In this sense, we consider the current discussion as a chance to enhance the trustworthiness of our findings and to ultimately create justified confidence.Die Psychologie, und mit ihr auch die Sportpsychologie, befindet sich in einer sogenannten Vertrauenskrise (siehe Titel des Themenhefts). Während die Diskussion ihrer Ursachen und Konsequenzen lebendig geführt wird, fehlt es an der Herausarbeitung individueller Möglichkeiten, Vertrauen wieder kollektiv herzustellen. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir Wege aus dieser Vertrauenskrise auf und beschreiben insbesondere individuelle Schritte hin zu verlässlichem und offenem Forschen: Verlässliches Forschen bezieht sich auf das Publizieren von robusten Ergebnissen, sowie von direkten und konzeptuellen Replikationsstudien und offenes Forschen auf die Transparenz hinsichtlich der Planung (Präregistrierung), der Durchführung (Open Material) und der Analyse (Open Data, Reproducible Code) wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Das Bekenntnis zu verlässlicher und offener Forschung wird unser Handeln in den verschiedenen Rollen im Wissenschaftssystem (als Forscher, Reviewer, Herausgeber, Betreuer, Kommissionsmitglied etc.) verändern. In diesem Sinne begreifen wir in diesem Beitrag die momentane Diskussion als Chance, die Zuverlässigkeit unserer Befunde nachhaltig zu steigern und langfristig gerechtfertigtes Vertrauen zu schaffen

Discovering trends of social interaction behavior over time:An introduction to relational event modeling: Trends of social interaction

Real-life social interactions occur in continuous time and are driven by complex mechanisms. Each interaction is not only affected by the characteristics of individuals or the environmental context but also by the history of interactions. The relational event framework provides a flexible approach to studying the mechanisms that drive how a sequence of social interactions evolves over time. This paper presents an introduction of this new statistical framework and two of its extensions for psychological researchers. The relational event framework is illustrated with an exemplary study on social interactions between freshmen students at the start of their new studies. We show how the framework can be used to study: (a) which predictors are important drivers of social interactions between freshmen students who start interacting at zero acquaintance; (b) how the effects of predictors change over time as acquaintance increases; and (c) the dynamics between the different settings in which students interact. Findings show that patterns of interaction developed early in the freshmen student network and remained relatively stable over time. Furthermore, clusters of interacting students formed quickly, and predominantly within a specific setting for interaction. Extraversion predicted rates of social interaction, and this effect was particularly pronounced on the weekends. These results illustrate how the relational event framework and its extensions can lead to new insights on social interactions and how they are affected both by the interacting individuals and the dynamic social environment