Dieta y salud cardiorespiratoria en un grupo de adolescentes ciclistas

Las tasas de obesidad en la infancia y en la adolescencia se encuentran al alza a lo largo de todo el mundo, siendo considerada la obesidad la epidemia del siglo XXI por la OMS. Dicho aumento de la obesidad en las edades tempranas de la vida está haciendo aumentar las tasas de morbi-mortalidad de las enfermedades no transmisibles en la adultez y en edades posteriores. Las causas principales son la falta de actividad física y la mala alimentación durante la infancia y la adolescencia. Por estos motivos en el presente trabajo pretendemos conocer los hábitos dietéticos y la salud cardiorrespiratoria de un grupo de adolescentes ciclistas y compararlas con las de un grupo de adolescentes normoactivos

Continuous and Localized Mn Implantation of ZnO

We present results derived from continuous and localized 35 keV (55)Mn(+) ion implantations into ZnO. Localized implantations were carried out by using self-ordered alumina membranes as masks leading to ordered arrays of implanted volumes on the substrate surfaces. Defects and vacancies in the small implantation volumes of ZnO were generated due to the implantation processes besides the creation of new phases. Rapid thermal annealing was applied in the case of continuous implantation. The samples were characterized by HRSEM, GIXRD, Raman spectroscopy and RBS/C. Magnetic characterization of the samples pointed out appreciable differences among the samples obtained by the different implantation methods. This fact was mainly attributed to the different volume/surface ratios present in the implanted zones as well as to the increase of Mn atom concentrations along the grain frontiers in the nanostructured surfaces. The samples also showed a ferromagnetic transition phase at temperature value higher than room temperature

Experimental balance to estimate efficiency in the use of nitrogen in rabbit breeding

[EN] Defining the composition and properties of manure in livestock production is critical in order to minimise possible environmental impacts stemming from its management. In this study, a nitrogen balance was carried out during two identical fattening periods (Experiments 1 and 2) in growing rabbits from weaning (age 28 d and live weight about 0.6 kg) to slaughter (age 61 d and live weight about 1.8 kg). The breeding conditions were typical for Spanish rabbit production. The objectives were to quantify the total nitrogen excreted by the animals and to estimate the average efficiency in the use of this nutrient, in comparison to other species. Animal weight, feed intake, and the production of faeces and urine were monitored weekly in a set of eight cages with nine rabbits in each, performing weekly analyses for nitrogen content in feed, urine and faeces. The overall nitrogen excretion was 50.2 g N per animal in Experiment 1 and 46.9 g N per animal in Experiment 2, which corresponded to about 58% of the total nitrogen intake. Urine and faeces contributed to overall nitrogen excretion in approximately the same proportions. The nitrogen excretion ratio was 40 grams per kilogram of animal produced. According to this ratio, rabbit breeding is less efficient in the use of nitrogen than raising broilers, but more than fattening pigs.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for the economic support to conduct this study (Project GASFARM AGL2005-07297).Calvet Sanz, S.; Estellés Barber, F.; Hermida, B.; Blumetto, O.; Torres Salvador, AG. (2008). Experimental balance to estimate efficiency in the use of nitrogen in rabbit breeding. World Rabbit Science. 16(4). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2008.615SWORD16

Quasi-autonomous thermal model reduction for steady-state problems in space systems

A matrix method is developed to reduce the number of elements of spacecraft thermal mathematical models based on the lumped parameter method. The aim of this method is to achieve a satisfactory thermal model reduction for steady-state problems, in an automatic way, while preserving the physical meaning of the system and the main characteristics of the model. The simplicity of the method, and the computational cost, are also taken into account. The reduction process is based on the manipulation of the conductive coupling matrix, which is treated as a sparse graph adjacency matrix. Then, a depthfirst search algorithm is used to find the strongly connected components, which define the condensed nodes. Finally, all the thermal entities are reduced, and the results from the condensed model are compared to those from the detailed one. The entire reduction process is tested on a real thermal model,showing a good performance. In the conclusions section the characteristics and limitations of this method are shown

Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, Screen Time and Social Support in Spanish Adolescents—Towards an Explanatory Model about Health Risk Factors

Youth obesity has been a pandemic for decades. One of its causes is a low level of physical activity. It is necessary to know the specific situation of adolescents and the factors that influence it in order to be able to act accordingly. The first aim of the current study is to create an explanatory model to establish the relationships between light physical activity time, light physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The second aim is to propose a theoretical model specifying the relationships between moderate-vigorous physical activity time, moderate-vigorous physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The study design was non-experimental (ex post facto), descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. A total of 694 adolescents from the region of Soria (12-17 years) participated in the study. The instruments administered were the Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, Parent Support Scale and Peer Support Scale. Two structural equation models were developed to analyse the relationships between the variables that comprised the explanatory models. The results show that social support had a negative influence on screen time in the proposed model in relation to light physical activity (r = -0.210; p <= 0.001) and in the proposed one regarding moderate-vigorous physical activity (r = -0.173; p <= 0.05). Social support was negatively related to light physical activity time (r = -0.167; p <= 0.05). Family support had a greater influence than did peer support. In conclusion, the models for light and moderate-vigorous physical activity are useful to describe the relationships between time, energy expenditure, screen time and social support

The Relationships between Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep Time According to the Adolescents’ Sex and the Day of the Week

This study had two aims: (1) to identify the levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time of adolescents according to the sex of the participant and the day of the week; (2) to find out the relationships between physical activity, screen time and sleep time according to the sex of the participant and the day of the week. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 694 adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education from Soria (Spain). Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaires were used to measure levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time. Levene's test and Student's t-test were used to calculate the difference between the means of the variables. Pearson's test was used to calculate bivariate correlations between variables. Results showed higher levels of screen time in males (136.93 min/day +/- 81.548). Screen time, sleep time and moderate-vigorous physical activity are higher during the weekend. Positive relationships were found between screen time and light physical activity (r(males) = 0.274; p 0.05). The correlations between moderate-vigorous physical activity and screen time were negative (r(males) = -0.282; p <= 0.01; r(females) = -0.187; p <= 0.05). The relationship between screen time and sleep time was negative in males (r = -0.135; p <= 0.05). In conclusion, the levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time vary according to the sex of the participants and the day of the week

Análisis de buenas prácticas editoriales en igualdad de género en España

Scientific journals play a key role in the dissemination of research as the main channel for its transmission and, therefore, should contribute to the promotion of gender equity through their editorial policies and publication processes. This study analyzes various indicators with respect to editorial policies such as the use of inclusive language, the inclusion of the full name in the authorship and gender in the source data. It also includes indicators related to the visibility of women in the publication process, such as their presence on editorial committees, in editorial management tasks and in manuscript review processes. The study covers 301 quality Spanish scientific journals. The results are analyzed according to the thematic areas of the journals and their publishers. This analysis represents a new milestone in this field as it raises awareness and disseminates standards in scientific publishing to eliminate gender barriers.Las revistas científicas, como canal de transmisión de la investigación, deben contribuir a la promoción de la igualdad de género a través, tanto de sus políticas editoriales, como en sus procesos de publicación. Este estudio analiza diversos indicadores respecto a las políticas editoriales como el uso de lenguaje inclusivo, la inclusión del nombre completo en las autorías y del sexo en los datos de origen de los casos de estudio. También otros relacionados con la visibilidad de la mujer en los procesos de publicación como son su presencia en comités asesores, en tareas de gestión editorial y en los procesos de revisión. El estudio abarca 301 revistas científicas españolas de calidad. Los resultados se analizan en función de las áreas temáticas de las revistas y su entidad editorial. Este análisis representa un hito novedoso ya que supone una toma de conciencia y una difusión de estándares en la edición científica para eliminar barreras de género

Use of CO2 balances to determine ventilation rates in a fattening rabbit house

[EN] Determining accurately the ventilation rates from rabbits houses, using non-expensive and non-invasive methods, is needed. The main aim of this work was to test the carbon dioxide balance as a method to determine the ventilation rate in fattening rabbit farms. In addition, the CO2 release rate from rabbit manure was measured, and the effect of CO2 concentration gradient between the inlet and outlet air of the building, on the method accuracy was characterized. To these aims, a fattening rabbit farm was evaluated during two periods and CO2 concentrations were simultaneously monitored in the inlet and outlet air by using a photoacoustic monitor. Ventilation rates were also directly determined by calibration of the exhaust fans and monitoring their operation times. CO2 emissions from manure were measured during two whole fattening periods, using a flux chamber and a photoacoustic monitor. The effect of CO2 concentrations gradient between the inlet and outlet of the farm on the accuracy of the balance was studied through statistical regressions. The CO2 emission from manure resulted in 13% of total CO2 emissions (considering both manure and animals). No statistically significant differences were found between measured and calculated ventilation rates. The effect of the CO2 gradient on the balance accuracy was statistically significant only in one of the trials. According to these results, the CO2 balance can be recommended for the determination of ventilation rates in fattening rabbit buildings.The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation provided support for this study (Project GASFARM-2 AGL2008-04125).Estellés, F.; Fernández Martínez, N.; Torres Salvador, AG.; Calvet Sanz, S. (2011). Use of CO2 balances to determine ventilation rates in a fattening rabbit house. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. Revista de Investigación Agraria. 9(3):713-720. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/20110903-368-10S7137209

Adaptación de técnicas metaheurísticas a diferentes escenarios

La finalidad de esta línea de investigación es el estudio, desarrollo y adaptación de técnicas metaheurísticas a diferentes escenarios. Si bien las metaheurísticas han resuelto exitosamente un gran número de diversos problemas, todavía quedan muchas características de las mismas a mejorar. En particular, nosostros abordamos: el tratamiento de datos ruidosos en problemas de optimización combinatoria, el control adaptativo de parámetros y la representación eficientes de las soluciones. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar estas áreas de investigación poco exploradas y formular estrategias para mejorar la eficiencia de las metaheurísticas.Eje: Agentes y Sistemas InteligentesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI