Fiabilidad del CECASDEP en Servicios Deportivos Universitarios de la UANL

Proporcionar servicios de calidad se ha convertido en una prioridad y en un constructo utilizado por la mayoría de los organismos sociales que ofertan servicios deportivo

Factors controlling phytoplankton in tropical high-mountain drinking-water reservoirs

Hydraulic dynamics is one of the primary factors determining the structural and temporal changes in phytoplankton communities in reservoirs. There is little information on the factors that explain the temporal changes in biotic communities in the high-mountain reservoirs that provide water to the city of Bogotá (Colombia). Our objective was to identify the environmental factors controlling the biomass and composition of algal communities in four tropical high-mountain reservoirs. We hypothesised that hydraulic dynamics is the major determining factor in temporal changes in phytoplankton communities in tropical mountain reservoirs regardless of the nutrient concentration in the system. We studied the temporal changes in phytoplankton over five years in four reservoirs that exhibit different nutrient concentrations and hydraulic management regimes. The phytoplankton in all of the reservoirs were characterised by the dominance of Dinophyceae. Canonical correspondence analyses and Pearson's correlations showed that the water renewal rate primarily explains the phytoplankton composition, followed by total nitrogen, total phosphorous and silicates. The effect of the water renewal rate was different depending on the particular conditions in each system; thus, in reservoirs with greater hydraulic dynamics, the water renewal rate explained the selection of secondary species and dominant species adapted to a broad range of environmental conditions. In the reservoir with a higher physical stability, eventual changes in the water renewal rate shifted the dominant species, reduced diversity and altered phytoplankton succession. In the reservoir with the largest volume and lowest nutrient concentration, phytoplankton species were selected primarily based on chemical and physical variables related to climatic seasonality. Our results suggest that the model for hydraulic management of the reservoirs plays an important role: in highly dynamic reservoirs, there is a direct causal relationship between phytoplankton and physical variables such as stability and water renewal rate; in less dynamic environments, phytoplankton species growth responds primarily to water chemistry.La dinámica hidráulica es uno de los principales factores que determinan la estructura y los cambios temporales de las comunidades fitoplanctónicas en embalses. Información de los factores que explican los cambios temporales de las comunidades biológicas en los embalses de alta montaña que proveen de agua la ciudad de Bogotá es escasa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los factores ambientales que controlan la biomasa y la composición de las comunidades algales en cuatro embalses tropicales de alta montaña. La hipótesis de trabajo fue que la dinámica hidráulica es el factor que principalmente determina los cambios temporales en la comunidad fitoplanctónica, con respecto a la concentración de nutrientes del sistema. Durante cinco años se estudiaron los cambios temporales del fitoplancton en cuatro embalses que se caracterizan por presentar diferentes concentraciones de nutrientes y diferente manejo hidráulico. El fitoplancton de todos los embalses se caracterizó por la dominancia de Dinophyceae. Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica y correlaciones de Pearson mostraron que la tasa de renovación hídrica explicó primariamente el fitoplancton seguida por el nitrógeno total, el fósforo total y los silicatos. El efecto de la tasa de renovación hídrica sobre el fitoplancton fue diferente dependiendo de las condiciones particulares de cada sistema; así, en embalses con una alta dinámica hidráulica, la tasa de renovación explicó las especies secundarias y seleccionó especies dominantes adaptadas a un amplio rango de condiciones ambientales. En el embalse con alta estabilidad física, cambios eventuales en la tasa de renovación cambiaron las especies dominantes, redujeron la diversidad y modificaron la sucesión del fitoplancton. En el embalse de mayor volumen y más baja concentración de nutrientes, el fitoplancton es seleccionado principalmente por otras variables físicas y químicas relacionadas con la estacionalidad climática. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo de manejo hidráulico de los embalses juega un papel importante en embalses más dinámicos, al determinar una relación causal directa entre el fitoplancton y variables físicas como la estabilidad y la tasa de renovación hídrica, mientras en embalses menos dinámicos, el crecimiento de las especies respondió principalment a la química del agua

Fasciola hepatica and Rumen Flukes - In Vitro Evaluation of Main Commercial Anthelmintics

Background: Trematode infections are of great importance as they affect the health of many species of mammals as cattle, sheep and goat. Fasciola hepatica represents the main trematode zoonosis and risks to human and cattle and paramphistomosis is one emerging parasitic diseases of ruminants widely distributed in the world. The economic expenses are incurred by the use of ineffective anthelmintics for trematode control. Besides to faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine the anthelmintic efficacy, can be used in vitro assays, by this the aim of the study was to determine the lethal doses with hatching egg test of the main commercial anthelmintics used for the control of trematodes in cattle. Materials, Methods & Results: Liver and rumen were examined from cattle slaughtered in Tabasco, Chiapas and Campeche states from Mexico. F. hepatica eggs were recovered from gallbladder and rumen fluke eggs collected from adult parasites in saline solution. Subsequently, the hatching egg assays were performed placing 100 trematode eggs in distilled water in each one of 96 wells of polystyrene plates. After making the appropriate dilutions, several concentrations of commercial anthelmintics were evaluated, ranging from 0.04 to 80.63 mM for triclabendazole + 0.046 to 96.87 mM febendazole (TC+FBZ), from 0.04 to 91 mM for rafoxanide (RAFOX), from 0.02 to 43.74 mM for closantel (CLOS), from 0.036 to 76.18 mM for clorsulon + 0.002 to 3.31 mM ivermectin (CLORS+ IVM) and from 0.163 to 334.47 mM for nitroxynil (NITROX). A control group (water) was included in each plate. Lethal doses were obtained using the Probit procedure and analysis of the means with a one-way statistical design. Most drugs used against rumen fluke eggs presented a high LD50 and therefore were ineffective to cause egg mortality, such was the case of RAFOX that presented LD50 from 4,580 to 10,790 µg/mL (7 to 17 mM). CLOS presented the lowest LD50 (80 µg/mL or 0.12 mM) on rumen fluke eggs. TC+FBZ was found to be effective drug against the development of F. hepatica eggs in many samples. In the same way NITROX showed a low LD50 (37 to 63 µg/mL or 0.13 to 0.22 mM), but RAFOX presented a highest LD50 (1,450 µg/mL or 2.32 mM). Discussion: The present study focused on screen the ovicidal activity and determining in vitro lethal doses 50 of main commercial anthelmintics used to control F. hepatica and rumen fluke as rapid tests in a tropical region from Mexico. The FECRT is the main method to detect effectiveness of anthelmintic and other method is the coproantigen reduction test (CRT) by ELISA. Both tests require many infected animals depending the number of treatments and by this the egg hatch assay (EHA) represent a complementary diagnosis of effectiveness of anthelmintic products to compare between regions and even between farms, because few animals are required from the farm to collect trematode eggs, and it is possible to know the effectiveness against various anthelmintics at the same time. Efficacy studies on trematodes using egg hatching tests are scarce, although they have the advantage that they can be applied to both F. hepatica and rumen fluke. TC+FBZ was one of the most effective products in inhibiting the development of F. hepatica eggs. However, RAFOX showed low effectiveness against trematode eggs, with very high lethal doses. These results agree with a study that show low efficacy against the development of Paramphistomum cervi eggs and with the FECRT test reductions of 75% and 80.58% were obtained, in times from 7 to 84 days after treatment with RAFOX. NITROX and CLORS were drugs that had good efficacy on the development of F. hepatica eggs. A differential response between liver and rumen fluke was observed. The anthelmintics used against rumen fluke eggs show low ovicidal activity and in Fasciola hepatica TC+FBZ show the best activity. Keywords: trematodes, cattle, effectiveness, anthelmintics, ovicidal activity, egg hatching

Short-term associations of air pollution and meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Madrid (Spain): a time series study

There are studies that analyze the role of meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19, and others that explore the role played by air pollutants, but currently there are very few studies that analyze the impact of both efects together. This is the aim of the current study. We analyzed data corresponding to the period from February 1 to May 31, 2020 for the City of Madrid. As meteorological variables, maximum daily temperature (Tmax) in ºC and mean daily absolute humidity (AH) in g/m3 were used corresponding to the mean values recorded by all Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) observatories in the Madrid region. Atmospheric pollutant data for PM10 and NO2 in µg/m3 for the Madrid region were provided by the Spanish Environmental Ministry (MITECO). Daily incidence, daily hospital admissions per 100.000 inhabitants, daily ICU admissions and daily death rates per million inhabitants were used as dependent variables. These data were provided by the ISCIII Spanish National Epidemiology Center. Generalized linear models with Poisson link were performed between the dependent and independent variables, controlling for seasonality, trend and the autoregressive nature of the series.The authors gratefully acknowledge Project ENPY 221/20 grant from the Carlos III Institute of Health

The effect of cold waves on mortality in urban and rural areas of Madrid

While many studies analyze the effect of extreme thermal events on health, little has been written about the effects of extreme cold on mortality. This scarcity of papers is particularly relevant when we search studies about extreme cold on the health of rural population. Therefore, we tried to analyze the effect of cold waves on urban areas and rural areas from Madrid and to test whether differentiated effects exist between both population classes. For this purpose, we analyzed data from the municipalities with over 10,000 inhabitants for the period from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2013. Municipalities were classified as urban or rural (Eurostat), and they were grouped into similar climatological zones: Urban Metropolitan Centre (UMC), Rural Northern Mountains (RNM), Rural Centre (RC) and Southern Rural (SR). The dependent variable was the daily mortality rate due to natural causes per million inhabitants (CIE-X: A00-R99) that occurred between the months of November and March for the period. The independent variable was minimum daily temperature (ºC) (Tmin). Social and demographic contextual variables were used, including: population > age 64 (%), deprivation index and housing indicators. The analysis was carried out in three phases: (1) determination of the threshold temperature (Tthreshold) which defines the cold waves; (2) determination of the relative risk (RR) for cold waves using Poisson linear regression (GLM); and (3) using GLM of the binomial family, Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated to analyze the relationship between the frequency of the appearance of cold waves and the socioeconomic variables.The authors gratefully acknowledge the grants for projects ENPY376/18; ENPY470/19 and ENPY 107/18 from the Carlos III Institute of Health

Tutorial and simulation electrooptic and acoustooptic software as innovative methodology to improve the quality of electronic and computer engineering formation

In this paper, an introduction to the main design features of a computer-aided educational package addressed to students of the final years of Electronic and Computer Engineering is presented. The software includes interrelated tutorial, computer simulations, and test questions in which graphical outputs, hypertexts, and animations are widely used. The package is devoted to the simulation study of electrooptic and acoustooptic theory and devices. It provides instant numerical evaluation and a graphical display of different studies. The software presented in this paper has all the following features: an integrative character, self-evaluation tests, a personalized and active learning process, adaptability to teacher's aims, versatility as a teaching tool, multimedia resources, and simplicity. This study has been completed with final-year students at the Superior Polytechnic School of Cordoba, Spain, with highly favorable results when compared with students who did not use the software.© Copyright 2006 IEEE.All Rights Reserve

Mortality due to COVID-19 in Spain and its association with environmental factors and determinants of health

The objective of this study was to identify which air pollutants, atmospheric variables and health determinants could infuence COVID-19 mortality in Spain. This study used information from 41 of the 52 provinces in Spain (from Feb. 1, to May 31, 2021). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with Poisson link were carried out for the provinces, using the Rate of Mortality due to COVID-19 (CM) per 1,000,000 inhabitants as dependent variables, and average daily concentrations of PM10 and NO2 as independent variables. Meteorological variables included maximum daily temperature (Tmax) and average daily absolute humidity (HA). The GLM model controlled for trend, seasonalities and the autoregressive character of the series. Days with lags were established. The relative risk (RR) was calculated by increases of 10 g/m3 in PM10 and NO2 and by 1 ℃ in the case of Tmax and 1 g/m3 in the case of HA. Later, a linear regression was carried out that included the social determinants of health.The authors would like to thank the Carlos III Health Institute for their fnancial support Project ENPY 221/20. This work was carried out with funds of the ENPY 221/20 project

Efeitos a curto prazo da intrusão de poeiras do Sahara em variáveis adversas do nascimento em Espanha

The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term effects of atmospheric pollutant concentrations and heat/cold waves on adverse outcomes at birth associated with Saharan dust advection. The dependent variables used in this analysis were the total number of births, the number of births showing low birth weight (< 2 500 g) and the number preterm births (< 37 weeks) occurred in Spain (data provided by INE). Days with Saharan dust intrusion were classified in each of the nine regions in Spain and provided by MITECO. A representative city was selected for each region, for which the recorded average daily concentrations of PM10, NO2 and O3 (μg/m3) were used (also provided by MITECO). The daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures (°C) used were those recorded by the meteorological observatory station located in each province’s capital (provided by AEMET). The associated relative risks as well as the attributable risk (AR) for days with and without intrusion of natural particulate matter were measured using Poisson log linear regression models. The results obtained show that the days with Saharan dust intrusion -beyond the impact of PM10, primary pollutants such as NO2, heat waves and O3- are linked to the total number of births, the number of births showing low birth weight and the number of preterm births. The results of this study indicate that pregnant women are at risk during days with high natural particulate matter concentrations due to the advection of Saharan dust put.El objetivo que se plantea en este trabajo es analizar diferentes factores atmosféricos como son las concentraciones de material particulado de diámetro inferior a 10 micras (PM10), dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) y ozono troposférico (O3) y la existencia o no de extremos térmicos, a través de la influencia de olas de calor y frío, inciden sobre el número de partos, los partos prematuros y los nacimientos con bajo peso que se producen en España en días con intrusión de polvo del Sahara. Las variables dependientes a nivel provincial son: número de partos totales, número de partos con bajo peso (<2 500 g) y número de partos prematuros (<37 semanas). Los días con intrusión se clasificaron para 9 regiones en España según datos facilitados por MITECO. En cada capital seleccionada se registran las concentraciones medias diarias de PM10, NO2 y O3 (μg/m3) (datos proporcionados también por MITECO). La temperatura máxima y mínima diaria (oC) corresponden al observatorio meteorológico de referencia y fueron suministrados por AEMET. Mediante modelos log-lineales de regresión de Poisson se calculan los riesgos relativos (RR) y los riesgos atribuibles (RA) asociados a las variables estadísticamente significativas a p<0,05. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los días con intrusión de polvo del Sahara, más allá del impacto de las PM10, contaminantes primarios como el NO2, las olas de calor o el O3, se asocian con un aumento de partos y un mayor riesgo de bajo peso al nacer o prematuridad. Los RR y el RA de los contaminantes y las olas de calor son superiores a los obtenidos para las PM10. Los resultados de este estudio indican que los días con advección de polvo del Sahara constituyen un especial riesgo para que se produzcan partos prematuros y partos con bajo peso al nacer.Este trabalho objetiva analisar de que forma diferentes fatores atmosféricos, como as concentrações de material particulado de diâmetro inferior a 10 mícrons (PM10), o dióxido de nitrogénio (NO2), o ozono troposférico (O3) e a existência ou não, de eventos térmicos extremos, através da influência das ondas de calor e de frio, incidem sobre o número de partos, partos prematuros e nascimentos de baixo peso em Espanha, nos dias de intrusão de poeiras do Sahara. As variáveis dependentes a nível provincial são: o número de partos totais, número de partos com baixo peso (<2 500 g) e o número de partos prematuros (<37 semanas). Nos dias com intrusão classificaram-se para 9 regiões em Espanha segundo dados fornecidos por MITECO. Em cada capital selecionada, registaram-se as concentrações médias diárias de PM10, NO2 e O3 (μg/m3) (Dados também fornecidos por MITECO). A Temperatura máxima e mínima diária (oC), correspondem ao observatório de referência e foram facultadas pela AEMET. Através de modelos log-lineares de regressão de Poisson calcularam-se, o Risco Reativo (RR) e o Risco Atribuível (RA), associados às variáveis estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos indicam que os dias de intrusão de poeiras do Sahara, além do impacto do PM10, poluentes primários como NO2, ondas de calor ou O3, estão associados ao aumento de partos e ao maior risco de baixo peso ao nascer e a nascimentos prematuros. Os RR e RA de poluentes e as ondas de calor são superiores aos obtidos para PM10. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os dias de advecção de poeira do Sahara constituem um risco potencial para ocorram partos prematuros e baixo peso no nascimento

Detection of Bartonella bovis DNA in blood samples from a veterinarian in Mexico

The genus Bartonella encompasses 38 validated species of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that colonize the endothelial cells and erythrocytes of a wide spectrum of mammals. To date, 12 Bartonella species have been recorded infecting humans, causing diseases of long historical characterization, such as cat scratch fever and trench fever, and emerging bartonellosis that mainly affect animal health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to report a documented case of Bartonella bovis infecting a veterinarian from Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) genes, and to report the natural course of this infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report the transmission of B. bovis via needlestick transmission to animal health workers in Latin America

Nutrient concentrations, in vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation of agro-industrial residues of Cannabis sativa L. as a potential forage source for ruminants

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la concentración de PC, EE, CNS, fibras, CFT, TC, CBD, THC, digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca y parámetros de fermentación ruminal de residuos agroindustriales de Cannabis sativa L. de dos procesos extractivos de cannabinoides, como fuente potencial de forraje en la alimentación de rumiantes. La flor de Cannabis sativa se expuso al proceso de extracción por prensado en frío (CPF) y extracción alcohólica (CEA); los residuos vegetativos obtenidos después de las extracciones se compararon con la flor cruda como testigo (FCC) utilizando un diseño completamente al azar y la prueba de Tukey para la comparación de medias. Los procesos extractivos disminuyeron el EE, CFT y cannabinoides (CBD y THC). En contraste, las fibras, CNS y digestibilidad, aumentaron después de los procesos extractivos en CPF y CEA. Del mismo modo, la degradabilidad  in vitro aumentó después  de ambos procesos  extractivos  por encima del 120 %, así como el período de latencia. Además, los protozoos aumentaron con CPF, pero no se observaron cambios en CEA. Asimismo, no se observaron cambios en las bacterias celulolíticas en CPF y CEA. Sin embargo, las bacterias totales se redujeron después de ambas extracciones. Además, el N-amoníaco en las fermentaciones ruminales disminuyó con CPF y CEA, mientras que los ácidos grasos volátiles totales aumentaron. Además, la producción de gas aumentó por encima del 75 % en CPF y CEA; sin embargo, no se observaron cambios en el período de latencia. Además, la producción de metano y CO2 aumentó por encima del 80 y 60 %, respectivamente, para CPF y CEA; estos aumentos se asocian positivamente con mejoras en las fermentaciones ruminales. En conclusión, el residuo agroindustrial de Cannabis sativa L. obtenido después de los procesos extractivos analizados puede surgir como una fuente potencial de forraje en la alimentación de rumiantes.This study aimed to determine the concentration of CP, EE, NSC, fibers, TPC, CT, CBD, THC, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and rumen fermentation parameters of agroindustrial residues of Cannabis sativa L. from two extractive processes of cannabinoids, as a potential source of forage in ruminants feeding. The flower of Cannabis sativa was exposed to cold-press extraction (CPC) and alcoholic extraction (AEC) process; vegetative residues obtained after extractions were compared to raw flower as a control (RFC) using a completely randomized design and Tukey’s test for means comparison. Extractive processes decreased EE, TPC and cannabinoids (CBD and THC). Otherwise, fibers, NSC and digestibility, increased after the extractive processes in CPC and AEC. Similarly, in vitro degradability increased after both extractive processes above 120 % as well as latency period. Additionally, protozoa increased with CPC but no changes were observed in AEC. Likewise, no changes were observed in cellulolytic bacteria in CPC and AEC. However, total bacteria were reduced after both extractions. Moreover, N-ammonia in ruminal fermentations decreased with CPC and AEC whereas total volatile fatty acids increased. In addition, gas production increased above 75 % in CPC and AEC; however, no changes were observed in latency period. Furthermore, methane and CO2 production increased above 80 and 60 %, respectively for CPC and AEC; these augmentations are positively associated with improvements in the ruminal fermentations. In conclusions, the agroindustrial residue of Cannabis sativa L. obtained after the analyzed extractive processes may arise as a potential forage source in ruminants feeding