Análise da fluorescência de fluidos corporais em diferentes superfícies de acordo com a idade da amostra

Orientador: Eduardo Daruge JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A utilização de técnicas de triagem como a alternate light source (ALS) é importante para encontrar evidências biológicas em uma cena de crime. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a fluorescência do fluido biológico (sangue, sêmen, saliva e urina) depositado em diferentes superfícies sofre variação em função da idade da amostra. A mancha foi iluminada com uma ALS da marca Megamaxx¿ System e fotografada com o auxílio do Canon EOS Utility¿. A análise das imagens foi feita por meio de uma combinação dos programas Adobe Photoshop¿ e ImageJ¿. O Adobe Photoshop¿ foi utilizado para preparar as fotografias para as análises e o ImageJ¿ para registrar o valor do brilho do pixel da imagem. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos na técnica de análise de variância por meio do ajuste de um modelo linear generalizado misto com dois fatores fixos e um terceiro fator, o tempo, analisado como medidas repetidas no formato de efeito aleatório com matriz de covariância do tipo autorregressivo de primeira ordem. Efeitos significativos tiveram suas médias comparadas duas a duas por meio do teste de Tukey. Pode-se concluir que a fluorescência dos fluidos biológicos analisados variaram em função do tempo em que foram expostos. A fluorescência foi menor quando as amostras estavam úmidas e permaneceram constantes quando estavam secas até o tempo máximo analisado (60 dias), independentemente do substrato em que o fluido foi depositado. Portanto, o perito forense pode detectar fluidos biológicos no local do crime usando uma ALS mesmo após vários dias da ocorrência do crimeAbstract: The use of screening techniques, such as an alternative light source (ALS), is important for finding biological evidence at a crime scene. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, and urine) deposited on different surfaces changes as a function of the age of the sample. Stains were illuminated with a Megamaxx¿ ALS System and photographed with a Canon¿ camera. Adobe Photoshop¿ was utilized to prepare photographs for analysis, and then ImageJ¿ was used to record the brightness values of pixels in the images. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using a generalized linear mixed model with two fixed effects (surface and fluid). Time was treated as a random effect (through repeated measures) with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure. Means of significant effects were compared by the Tukey test. In all tests, a 5% level of significance was established. The fluorescence of the analyzed biological material varied depending on the age of the sample. Fluorescence was lower when the samples were moist. Fluorescence remained constant when the sample was dry, up to the maximum period analyzed (60 days), independent of the substrate on which the fluid was deposited. Therefore, the forensic expert can detect biological fluids at the crime scene using an ALS even several days after a crime has occurredMestradoOdontologia Legal e DeontologiaMestre em Biologia Buco-Denta

Use Of An Alternate Light Source To Detect Tooth And Bone

O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a combinação do comprimento de onda e filtro que melhor detecta dente e osso e verificar qual material biológico (esmalte, raiz dental ou osso) possui maior fluorescência quando exposto a uma fonte de luz alternativa (ALS). Amostras de dente e osso foram iluminadas com uma ALS e fotografadas. Os programas Adobe Photoshop™ e ImageJ™ foram usados para análise das imagens. Os dados obtidos das medidas dos pixels das fotografias foram submetidos a análise de variância. Os valores com efeitos significativos tiveram suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Em todos os testes, o nível de significância adotado foi p≤0,05 e os valores calculados pelo sistema SAS. Os resultados mostraram que a melhor combinação para detectar dente e osso é o comprimento de onda 455 nm com o filtro laranja. A fluorescência da raiz é maior que a do esmalte que é maior do que o osso. O material biológico teve maior fluorescência que o material inerte. Esse conhecimento pode auxiliar o perito a triar e detectar esses materiais biológicos, por exemplo em situações em que dentes e pequenos ossos estiverem fragmentados, tanto na cena do crime quanto no laboratório.281788

Administrative And Clinical Denials By A Large Dental Insurance Provider

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and the type of claim denials (administrative, clinical or both) made by a large dental insurance plan. This was a cross-sectional, observational study, which retrospectively collected data from the claims and denial reports of a dental insurance company. The sample consisted of the payment claims submitted by network dentists, based on their procedure reports, reviewed in the third trimester of 2012. The denials were classified and grouped into 'administrative', 'clinical' or 'both'. The data were tabulated and submitted to uni- and bivariate analyses. The confidence intervals were 95% and the level of significance was set at 5%. The overall frequency of denials was 8.2% of the total number of procedures performed. The frequency of administrative denials was 72.88%, whereas that of technical denials was 25.95% and that of both, 1.17% (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the overall prevalence of denials in the studied sample was low. Administrative denials were the most prevalent. This type of denial could be reduced if all dental insurance providers had unified clinical and administrative protocols, and if dentists submitted all of the required documentation in accordance with these protocols.29

Administrative and clinical denials by a large dental insurance provider

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and the type of claim denials (administrative, clinical or both) made by a large dental insurance plan. This was a cross-sectional, observational study, which retrospectively collected data from the claims and denial reports of a dental insurance company. The sample consisted of the payment claims submitted by network dentists, based on their procedure reports, reviewed in the third trimester of 2012. The denials were classified and grouped into ‘administrative’, ‘clinical’ or ‘both’. The data were tabulated and submitted to uni- and bivariate analyses. The confidence intervals were 95% and the level of significance was set at 5%. The overall frequency of denials was 8.2% of the total number of procedures performed. The frequency of administrative denials was 72.88%, whereas that of technical denials was 25.95% and that of both, 1.17% (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the overall prevalence of denials in the studied sample was low. Administrative denials were the most prevalent. This type of denial could be reduced if all dental insurance providers had unified clinical and administrative protocols, and if dentists submitted all of the required documentation in accordance with these protocols29

Dinâmica de Perícia em Local de Crime na Disciplina de Odontologia Forense da FO-USP

Na disciplina de Odontologia Forense da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FO-USP), um modelo de ensino construtivista, que se vale de práticas de dinâmica de grupo e de estudo de caso, busca reunir conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina e em outras matérias que compõem o currículo da graduação em odontologia. Após uma aula expositiva e leitura prévia de uma apostila no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, os alunos são divididos em equipes e realizam uma dinâmica de “local de crime”, que consiste em observar, descrever, registrar e emitir um relatório estruturado, fatores que se assemelham com o cotidiano clínico do cirurgião-dentista. Atualmente, um número crescente de profissionais vem demonstrando interesse nas carreiras forenses, e a disciplina tem por objetivo preparar o aluno para esse campo de trabalho multidisciplinar. Este relato visa a demonstrar as técnicas utilizadas e os resultados obtidos nos últimos anos com a aula prática pericial em ambiente de graduação.The discipline of Forensic Dentistry of the University of São Paulo, a constructive teaching model with group dynamics and case studies that apply previously discussed knowledge and information from other topics from the graduation curriculum. After an expository lecture and previous text reading of the online support content, the students are divided in teams to fulfill a “crime scene investigation” that consists on observation, description, registering and structured reporting the facts, which resembles the daily practice of a Dental Surgeon. Nowadays, there is a raising number of dentists with interest on the forensic careers and the classes have the objective to prepare the student to this field and this multidisciplinary task. This report has the objective of presenting the techniques and the results of the past years with a forensic practice in the undergraduate environment

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost