1,432 research outputs found
Metal-insulator-metal nanoresonators - Strongly confined modes for high surface sensitivity
Photonic and plasmonic refractive index sensors are able to detect increasingly smaller refractive index changes and concentrations of clinically relevant substances. They typically exploit optical resonances and aim to maximise the field overlap with the analyte in order to achieve high sensitivity. Correspondingly, they operate on the basis of maximizing the bulk sensitivity, which favours spatially extended modes. We note that this strategy, counter-intuitively, is not necessarily suitable for detecting biomolecules and one should focus on the surface sensitivity instead. Here, we show that by confining light tightly in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanoresonators, the surface sensitivity is significantly increased despite a clear decrease in bulk sensitivity. In particular, we experimentally show the operation of third order MIM resonators which support both extended surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes and localized MIM modes. We are able to demonstrate that the MIM mode has a sensitivity of 55 nm/RIU to a 10 nm layer, which is approximately twice as high as that of the SPP mode. Overall, our work emphasizes the importance of the surface sensitivity over the more commonly used bulk sensitivity and it shows a novel approach for improving it. These insights are highly relevant for the design of next generation optical biosensors
Analyses and Correlation of Four New Hampshire Bogs
Author Institution: Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohi
Dark Matter Disc Enhanced Neutrino Fluxes from the Sun and Earth
As disc galaxies form in a hierarchical cosmology, massive merging satellites
are preferentially dragged towards the disc plane. The material accreted from
these satellites forms a dark matter disc that contributes 0.25 - 1.5 times the
non-rotating halo density at the solar position. Here, we show the importance
of the dark disc for indirect dark matter detection in neutrino telescopes.
Previous predictions of the neutrino flux from WIMP annihilation in the Earth
and the Sun have assumed that Galactic dark matter is spherically distributed
with a Gaussian velocity distribution, the standard halo model. Although the
dark disc has a local density comparable to the dark halo, its higher phase
space density at low velocities greatly enhances capture rates in the Sun and
Earth. For typical dark disc properties, the resulting muon flux from the Earth
is increased by three orders of magnitude over the SHM, while for the Sun the
increase is an order of magnitude. This significantly increases the sensitivity
of neutrino telescopes to fix or constrain parameters in WIMP models. The flux
from the Earth is extremely sensitive to the detailed properties of the dark
disc, while the flux from the Sun is more robust. The enhancement of the muon
flux from the dark disc puts the search for WIMP annihilation in the Earth on
the same level as the Sun for WIMP masses < 100 GeV.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, added a short paragraph to the discussion
section, conclusions unchanged, published versio
Single-Cell Motility Rapidly Quantifying Heteroresistance in Populations of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium
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Dislocation substructures in high-energy-rate-forged and press-formed 21-6-9 stainless steel
A Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) was used to establish that the substructure of press formed (PF) 21-6-9 stainless steel toroids was characterized by a dislocation cell size finer, about 0.16 ..mu..m, than that of about 0.29 ..mu..m, of high-energy-rate-formed (HERF) processed toroids. In addition, HERF processed material showed areas of a coarser, well-developed subgrain structure characteristic of hot work deformation. The formation of the substructures, as-well-as the grain size and carbide distributions of the toroids produced by the two processing techniques, are discussed in terms of the various operations, temperatures, and strain rates associated with the two different processing schedules. The Press-Formed toroid had a higher yield strength than the HERF processed toroid which was attributed to the finer cell size of the PF processed toroid
'It's a film' : medium specificity as textual gesture in Red road and The unloved
British cinema has long been intertwined with television. The
buzzwords of the transition to digital media, 'convergence' and
'multi-platform delivery', have particular histories in the British
context which can be grasped only through an understanding of the
cultural, historical and institutional peculiarities of the British film
and television industries. Central to this understanding must be two
comparisons: first, the relative stability of television in the duopoly
period (at its core, the licence-funded BBC) in contrast to the repeated
boom and bust of the many different financial/industrial combinations
which have comprised the film industry; and second, the cultural and
historical connotations of 'film' and 'television'. All readers of this
journal will be familiar â possibly over-familiar â with the notion that
'British cinema is alive and well and living on television'. At the end of
the first decade of the twenty-first century, when 'the end of medium
specificity' is much trumpeted, it might be useful to return to the
historical imbrication of British film and television, to explore both
the possibility that medium specificity may be more nationally specific
than much contemporary theorisation suggests, and to consider some
of the relationships between film and television manifest at a textual
level in two recent films, Red Road (2006) and The Unloved (2009)
Effects of early intracoronary streptokinase on infarct size estimated from cumulative enzyme release and on enzyme release rate: A randomized trial of 533 patients with acute myocardial infarction
The effects of early intracoronary streptokinase (SK) on enzymatic infarct size and rate of enzyme release were studied in a randomized multicenter trial. A total of 533 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were allocated to either the SK treatment group (n = 269) or the conventional (control) treatment group (n = 264). Enzymatic infarct size was represented by the cumulative quantity of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) released by the heart per liter of plasma in the first 72 hours. Rate of enzyme release was represented by the ratio of HBDH quantities released in 24 hours and 72 hours. On an "intention to treat" basis, the SK group had a smaller (by 30%; p = 0.0001) median enzymatic infarct size and a higher (by 35%; p = 0.0001) median rate of enzyme release than the control group. Limitation of infarct size was less apparent in patients tre
Preâeclampsia: a maternal manifestation of a fetal adaptive response?
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87157/1/10067_ftp.pd
The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences
Non-work experiences during the weekend provide opportunities to recover from work demands and to replenish lost resources. This longitudinal study examined how specific recovery experiences during the weekend (relaxation, mastery, control, and detachment), as well as non-work hassles, were associated with specific positive and negative affective states during the following workweek. Participants (N 1â4 229) completed surveys before the week- end, during the weekend, and during the following workweek. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for affective states the previous week, recovery experiences during the weekend significantly explained variance in affective states at the end of the weekend and during the following workweek. Suggestions for future research include a closer examination of the role of individual differences, self-regulation, and specific work demands in employee stress recovery
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