24 research outputs found

    Suivi national des PDU : le point au 30 juin 2000

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    La loi sur l’air du 30 dĂ©cembre 1996 a rendu obligatoire l’élaboration d’un plan de dĂ©placements urbains dans les agglomĂ©rations de plus de 100 000 habitants. Pour faire le point sur les PDU Ă  la date du 30 juin 2000 fixĂ©e par la loi sur l’air modifiĂ©e pour l’approbation des PDU, le Gart et le Certu, en collaboration avec la direction des transports terrestres (DTT), la direction de la circulation et la sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre (DSCR) et l’ADEME, ont analysĂ© les dĂ©marches les plus avancĂ©es (PDU approuvĂ©s et projets de PDU arrĂȘtĂ©s), avec l’appui des centres d’études techniques de l’Équipement (CETE) et de la direction rĂ©gionale de l’équipement d’Ile-de-France (DREIF).58 agglomĂ©rations de plus de 100 000 habitants ont l’obligation d’élaborer un PDU. Au 30 juin 2000, huit PDU Ă©taient approuvĂ©s (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, OrlĂ©ans, Rouen, Saint-Etienne, Troyes) ; deux autres l’ont Ă©tĂ© en juillet 2000 (Nancy, Strasbourg). Une trentaine d’autres collectivitĂ©s avaient dĂ©libĂ©rĂ© sur leur projet de plan, celui-ci Ă©tant alors en consultation auprĂšs des personnes publiques, en enquĂȘte publique ou en attente d’approbation ; une vingtaine de PDU devaient ĂȘtre prochainement arrĂȘtĂ©s, tandis que pour une dizaine de PDU, la dĂ©marche Ă©tait Ă  peine engagĂ©e.La plupart des PDU affichent un objectif de rĂ©duction de l’usage de la voiture, grĂące Ă  un meilleur partage de la voirie au profit des autres modes, notamment avec des projets de transport en commun en site propre (TCSP), des amĂ©nagements cyclables et des actions visant Ă  renforcer le confort et la sĂ©curitĂ© des piĂ©tons. Outre les projets de requalification de voirie urbaine dans les parties centrales, la plupart des PDU comportent des projets de voie nouvelle, notamment de rocade Ă  crĂ©er ou achever. Par ailleurs, les PDU prĂ©voient une amĂ©lioration de l’intermodalitĂ©. Le volet stationnement porte d’une part, sur la rĂ©alisation de parcs relais sur les axes de TCSP, et d’autre part, sur une meilleure gestion de l’offre de centre-ville au profit des rĂ©sidents et des visiteurs, avec nĂ©anmoins peu de mesures en faveur de la surveillance. Les marchandises, thĂšme nouveau des PDU, sont abordĂ©es dans l’ensemble des documents : si le manque de connaissances dans ce domaine a freinĂ© la rĂ©flexion, des propositions d’actions parfois trĂšs innovantes sont prĂ©sentĂ©es dans quelques agglomĂ©rations. Par ailleurs, le concept nouveau de plan de mobilitĂ© pour les entreprises ou collectivitĂ©s Ă©merge dans quelques agglomĂ©rations. Concernant l’environnement, si la plupart des PDU fixent des objectifs en matiĂšre de bruit et de pollution, leur traduction opĂ©rationnelle est encore Ă  prĂ©ciser. Les PDU traitent Ă©galement des questions de sĂ©curitĂ© routiĂšre et d’articulation avec l’urbanisme

    Mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1, KIF5C and KIF2A cause malformations of cortical development and microcephaly.

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    International audienceThe genetic causes of malformations of cortical development (MCD) remain largely unknown. Here we report the discovery of multiple pathogenic missense mutations in TUBG1, DYNC1H1 and KIF2A, as well as a single germline mosaic mutation in KIF5C, in subjects with MCD. We found a frequent recurrence of mutations in DYNC1H1, implying that this gene is a major locus for unexplained MCD. We further show that the mutations in KIF5C, KIF2A and DYNC1H1 affect ATP hydrolysis, productive protein folding and microtubule binding, respectively. In addition, we show that suppression of mouse Tubg1 expression in vivo interferes with proper neuronal migration, whereas expression of altered Îł-tubulin proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupts normal microtubule behavior. Our data reinforce the importance of centrosomal and microtubule-related proteins in cortical development and strongly suggest that microtubule-dependent mitotic and postmitotic processes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of MCD

    Regards sur le rapport aux savoirs de futurs enseignants dans le cadre des stages

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    Cet article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats d’une recherche exploratoire portant sur le rapport aux savoirs d’étudiants quĂ©bĂ©cois issus de trois programmes de formation professionnelle Ă  l’enseignement (Ă©ducation prĂ©scolaire et enseignement primaire, enseignement en adaptation scolaire et sociale et enseignement secondaire) dans le contexte des stages, oĂč de multiples perspectives Ă©pistĂ©mologiques cohabitent. Au cours d’un entretien individuel, vingt-six futurs enseignants se sont exprimĂ©s au regard de deux domaines, soit la Science et la technologie ou l’Univers social. Le concept choisi s’est dĂ©clinĂ© en trois dimensions interreliĂ©es (Ă©pistĂ©mique, identitaire et sociale), permettant de cerner leur rapport aux savoirs (scolaires), Ă  soi (stagiaire) et aux autres (enseignants associĂ©s ou Ă©lĂšves). Une analyse thĂ©matique permet de mieux comprendre ces dimensions dans le cadre d’une formation professionnalisante. ParticuliĂšrement, il en ressort que les curriculums actuels contribuent Ă  enrichir certains Ă©lĂ©ments du rapport aux savoirs de ces futurs enseignants, notamment par la valeur accordĂ©e au sens critique. Toutefois, d’autres aspects nĂ©cessitent un certain travail, ce qui interpelle au premier chef les acteurs engagĂ©s dans la formation pratique des enseignants. -- Mots-clĂ©s : rapport aux savoirs, formation Ă  l’enseignement, stages en enseignement, futurs enseignants, professionnalisation, enseignement des sciences, enseignement des sciences humaines et sociales

    <p>An unexpected case of <em>Bartonella alsatica</em> prosthetic vascular graft infection</p>

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    International audienceBartonella alsatica is a wild rabbit pathogen causing bacteremia rarely reported in humans, with only three cases published so far, including one lymphadenitis and two endocarditis cases. Here, we report the case of a 66-year-old man who suffered from acute renal failure due to a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed diffuse FDG uptake around the aortobifemoral graft with no indication of infection. A white blood cell scan showed an accumulation of labeled neutrophils on the left femoral part of the graft. The patient underwent surgery and an abscess around the left iliac part of the graft was found intraoperatively. Intraoperative samples were all negative, but 16S rRNA gene-based PCR was positive, and the sequence was positioned among the Bartonella species cluster. Specific PCRs targeting groEL/hsp60, rpoB and gltA genes were performed and led to the identification of B. alsatica. Accordingly, indirect immunofluorescence serological analyses were positive for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana. The patient had a history of regularly hunting wild rabbits. He was treated with 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day for six months and his renal function significantly improved with no sign of persistent infection. This case highlights the contribution of serology assays and molecular-based methods in prosthetic vascular graft infection diagnosis

    Usefulness of autoantigens depletion to detect autoantibody signatures by multiple affinity protein profiling

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    International audiencePatients with cancer produce specific autoantibodies against protein antigens present in limited amount among a large background of immunoglobulins (Igs), nonrelevant as biomarkers, including natural antibodies. Multiple affinity protein profiling (MAPPing) that combines 2-D immunoaffinity chromatography, enzymatic digestion of the isolated proteins, and identification by MS/MS, may facilitate the identification of these so far unknown patient antibodies. The first immunoaffinity chromatography is crucial, as it is used for selectively removing proteins (autoantigens) recognized by natural antibodies. Application of this depletion step to colon cancer cell proteins is specifically described along with the identification of the natural autoantigens, as well as the coupling of this depletion step with the next steps. By enabling to separate antibody-binding proteins recognized by either natural autoantibodies or patient-specific antibodies this approach may contribute significantly towards the definition of autoantibody signatures

    Domicile : oĂč sont les freins ? enquĂȘte auprĂšs des nĂ©phrologues Français

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    Home dialysis, which includes Peritoneal Dialysis and Home Hemodialysis, provides lots of profit to patients suffering of Chronic Kidney Disease, especially in terms of comfort, life quality and autonomy. However, its use is marginal in France, with an inhomogenous distributaion according to geographical regions. We conducted a French national survey of nephrologists to assess the barriers to the development of home dialysis. After analyzing the responses of the 230 participating nephrologists, the main obstacles to the development of the two techniques were identified and classified according to their reporting rate. The major obstacles that emerge from the survey are : the lack of information among the general public, a lack of acknowledgement of nurses specializing in these techniques, the limited number of structures that practice dialysis at home, and information difficulties among patient about dialysis techniques. The specific peritoneal dialysis-related difficulties reported are : difficulties in management of follow-up care and rehabilitation, the fear of insufficient purification and the difficulties related to the dialysis catheter. Concerning home hemodialysis, the barriers concern fear of autopunction and the need for a third party. This study helps to identify the representations of nephrologists on the major obstacles to the development of home dialysis to develop lines of thought for its promotion, both in terms of training, institutional acknowledgement, and the necessary regulatory evolution.La dialyse Ă  domicile, reprĂ©sentĂ©e par l’hĂ©modialyse et la dialyse pĂ©ritonĂ©ale, peut apporter de nombreux bĂ©nĂ©fices aux patients atteints d’insuffisance rĂ©nale chronique terminale, particuliĂšrement en termes de confort, de qualitĂ© de vie et d’autonomie. Cependant son utilisation reste marginale en France, avec une rĂ©partition inhomogĂšne sur le territoire. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une enquĂȘte nationale française auprĂšs des nĂ©phrologues pour Ă©valuer les freins au dĂ©veloppement de la dialyse Ă  domicile. AprĂšs analyse des rĂ©ponses des 230 nĂ©phrologues ayant participĂ©, les principaux obstacles au dĂ©veloppement des deux techniques ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et classĂ©s selon leur taux de dĂ©claration. Les freins majeurs qui ressortent de l’enquĂȘte sont : le manque de mĂ©diatisation auprĂšs du grand public, un dĂ©faut de reconnaissance des infirmiĂšres spĂ©cialisĂ©es dans ces techniques, le nombre limitĂ© de structures pratiquant la dialyse Ă  domicile, et les difficultĂ©s relatives Ă  l’information prĂ©-dialyse. Les freins spĂ©cifiques Ă  la dialyse pĂ©ritonĂ©ale dĂ©clarĂ©s sont : les difficultĂ©s de prise en charge en Soins de suite et de rĂ©adaptation (SSR), la crainte d’une Ă©puration insuffisante et les difficultĂ©s liĂ©es Ă  l’abord de dialyse. Concernant l’hĂ©modialyse Ă  domicile (HDD), les freins portent sur la peur de l’autoponction et la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une tierce personne. Cette Ă©tude permet d’identifier les reprĂ©sentations des nĂ©phrologues sur les freins majeurs au dĂ©veloppement de la dialyse Ă  domicile pour dĂ©velopper des pistes de rĂ©flexion pour sa promotion, tant sur le plan de la formation, de la reconnaissance institutionnelle, que de la nĂ©cessaire Ă©volution rĂšglementaire

    Epidemiology of Infection by Pulmonary Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in French Guiana 2008-2018.

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    International audienceINTRODUCTION: Unlike diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae and M. ulcerans, the epidemiology of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) has not received due attention in French Guiana. The main objective of the current study was to define the incidence of these PNTM infections: NTM pulmonary diseases (NTM-PD) and casual PNTM isolation (responsible of latent infection or simple colonization). The secondary objectives were to determine species diversity and geographic distribution of these atypical mycobacteria. METHODS: A retrospective observational study (2008-2018) of French Guiana patients with at least one PNTM positive respiratory sample in culture was conducted. Patients were then classified into two groups: casual PNTM isolation or pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), according to clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria defined by the American Thoracic Society / Infectious Disease Society of America (ATS / IDSA) in 2007. RESULTS: 178 patients were included, out of which 147 had casual PNTM isolation and 31 had NTM-PD. Estimated annual incidence rate of respiratory isolates was 6.17 / 100,000 inhabitants per year while that of NTM-PD was 1.07 / 100,000 inhabitants per year. Among the 178 patients, M. avium complex (MAC) was the most frequently isolated pathogen (38%), followed by M. fortuitum then M. abscessus (19% and 6% of cases respectively), the latter two mycobacteria being mainly found in the coastal center region. Concerning NTM-PD, two species were mainly involved: MAC (81%) and M. abscessus (16%). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: This is the first study on the epidemiology of PNTM infections in French Guiana. PNTM's incidence looks similar to other contries and metropolitan France and NTM-PD is mostly due to MAC and M.abscessus. Although French Guiana is the French territory with the highest tuberculosis incidence, NTM should not be overlooked
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