Automatic Car Registration Plate Recognition Using the Hough Transform

The development of automatic car registration plate recognition systems will provide greater efficiency for vehicle monitoring in automatic access control, and will avoid the need to equip vehicles with special RF tags for identification since all vehicles possess a unique registration plate. Thus this study is an attempt to introduce an automatic car registration plate recognition system based on identifying the plate characters by using the Hough transform. However, the proposed recognition system can be used in conjunction with a tag system for higher security access control. The automatic registration plate recognition could also have considerable potential in a wide range of applications especially in the identification of vehicle-based offences and with law enforcement. Recent advances in computer vision technology and the falling price of the related devices has contributed in making it practical to build an automatic, registration plate recognition systems. There have been a number of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques, which have been used in the recognition of car registration plate characters. These systems include the character details matching process (Lotufo, et al. 1990), BAM (Bi-directional Associative Memories) neural network (Fahmy 1994) neural network (Tindall, 1995) and cross correlation pattern matching character matching techniques (Cornelli, et al. 1995). All of these systems recognized the characters by matching the full image of every character with a character\u27s template database which requires considerable processing time and large memory for the database. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential for using Hough transform (Hough 1962) in vehicle registration plate recognition. The OCR technique used in this project is unlike the other systems where the character recognition was based on matching the character\u27s full image; However the OCR technique in this system used Hough transform to identify the characters, where the recognition of a character is based on matching its identification array to the database. To validate the research, a car registration plate recognition system was developed to locate the registration plate from the full image of a vehicle and then extrar.t the plate characters by using image processing techniques. A Hough transform algorithm was applied to every character within the registration plate image to produce an identification array for these characters, and the plate characters were recognized by matching their identification array to the database. The system has been applied to a number of video recorded car images to recognize their registration plates. The rate of correctly recognized characters was 82.7% of the extracted characters, but improvement can be granted by using a faster digital camera and taking some precautions in the registration plate frames. However, the research indicated that the optical character recognition technique used in the study is an efficient and simple algorithm to identify characters, without requiring a relatively large processing memory

TINJAUAN YURIDIS KEDUDUKAN STATUS HUKUM ANAK LUAR KAWIN MENURUT KETENTUAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA

Hak keperdataan anak di luar kawin menimbulkan pengaruh terhadap sang anak, oleh karena tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, seperti pemeliharaan dan kesejahteraan anak, termasuk hak anak untuk mewaris. Kedudukan anak di luar kawin tersebut akan menjadi beban bagi ibunya dan keluarga ibunya, dan status hukum anak juga tidak terjangkau oleh hukum seperti dalam penentuan keabsahan anak seperti status akta kelahiran anak. Oleh karena itu penulis melakukan penulisan untuk mengidentifikasi status hukum anak luar kawin. Penulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif bersifat preskriptif, untuk menjawab isu hukum yang diangkat dengan argumentasi, teori, atau konsep baru sebagai preskripsi dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi.“Anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya”. Pasal 280 KUHPer “Dengan pengakuan terhadap anak di luar kawin, terlahirlah hubungan perdata antara anak itudan bapak atau ibunya”. Pasal 100 KHI “Anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan nasab dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya”. Pasal 49 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013, Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan “Pengakuan anak hanya berlaku bagi anak yang orang tuanya telah melaksanakan perkawinan sah menurut hukum agama, tetapi belum sah menurut hukum Negara”. Berdasarkan penulisan dihasilkan pengakuan anak luar kawin (hasil biologis) sebagai anak yang diakui berarti akan menimbulkan hak alimentasi, hak nasab serta hak waris bagi si anak dari ayah biologisnya tersebut. Anak luar kawin , hanya mempunyai hubungan nasab, hak dan kewajiban nafkah serta hak dan hubungan kewarisan dengan ibunya serta keluarga ibunya saja, tidak dengan ayah/bapak alami (genetiknya) begitu juga ayah/bapak alami (genetiknya). Kata Kunci : Status Hukum Anak,Anak Luar Kawin, Perkawinan Tidak Sa

Design, implementation and evaluation of a QoS-aware transport protocol

In the context of a reconfigurable transport protocol framework, we propose a QoS-aware Transport Protocol (QSTP), specifically designed to operate over QoS-enabled networks with bandwidth guarantee. QSTP combines QoS-aware TFRC congestion control mechanism, which takes into account the network-level bandwidth reservations, with a Selective ACKnowledgment (SACK) mechanism in order to provide a QoS-aware transport service that fill the gap between QoS enabled network services and QoS constraint applications. We have developed a prototype of this protocol in the user-space and conducted a large range of measurements to evaluate this proposal under various network conditions. Our results show that QSTP allows applications to reach their negotiated QoS over bandwidth guaranteed networks, such as DiffServ/AF network, where TCP fails. This protocol appears to be the first reliable protocol especially designed for QoS network architectures with bandwidth guarantee

Prediction of Risk Factors for Infection Occurrence in Patients with Burn Injury

Burn injuries have been recognized as a significant and major public health problem in economically developing countries. Long open wound areas containing necrotic tissue make burn patients more susceptible to infection. Nosocomial infection is a recognized public health problem world-wide with an important cause of burn mortality. So, this study aimed to predict risk factors for occurrence of infection in patients with burn injury. Research design: Analytical cross sectional study design used the following research question: What are risk factors for occurrence of infection in patients with burn injury? Setting: At selected Plastic, reconstructive and Burn Surgery Center- Ain Shams University. Sample: A purposive sample, 100 patients of who correspond to inclusion criteria and all available nurses (n=30).Tools for data collection: Four tools; Tool 1: patient's interview questionnaire. Tool 2: patients with burn parameters, tool. Tool 3: observational checklist of nurses' performance, Tool 4: hospital's environment observational checklist. Result: The results indicate that there were a relation between patients with local signs of burn wound infection and site& degree of burn, total burned surface area and increased WBCs& body temperature. Nurses, practice was poor and there were a relation between burn wound dressing and proper use of personal protective equipment& local signs of burn wound infection. Conclusion: risk for burn wound infection increase with age, males are more affected than females and also increased length of hospital stay increase risk for infection where 3rd degree burns were more liable for wound infection and burn wound excision considered also risk for infection. Recommendation: Nurses need a specific teaching guideline and training about infection control measures to be used when dealing with burned patients to minimize risk for nosocomial infection. Keywords: prediction, risk factors, infection, patient, burn injury

Egyptian weddings: happily ever after?

A 9.30-minute audio documentary about the Egyptian wedding ceremonies and how they\u27ve dramatically changed throughout the years, since the 1960s until now. This is done by contrasting the old and new wedding ceremonies and featuring a young bride-to-be and her grandmother. A 9.30-minute audio documentary about the Egyptian wedding ceremonies and how they\u27ve dramatically changed throughout the years, since the 1960s until now. This is done by contrasting the old and new wedding ceremonies and featuring a young bride-to-be and her grandmother

LTE network slicing and resource trading schemes for machine-to-machine communications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is envisioned as the future of human-free communications. IoT relies on Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications rather than conventional Human-to-Human (H2H) communications. It is expected that billions of Machine Type Communication Devices (MTCDs) will be connected to the Internet in the near future. Consequently, the mobile data traffic is poised to increase dramatically. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its subsequent technology LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are the candidate carriers of M2M communications for the IoT purposes. Despite the significant increase of traffic due to IoT, the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) revenues are not increasing at the same pace. Hence, many MNOs have resorted to sharing their radio resources and parts of their infrastructures, in what is known as Network Virtualization (NV). In the thesis, we focus on slicing in which an operator known as Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO), does not own a spectrum license or mobile infrastructure, and relies on a larger MNO to serve its users. The large licensed MNO divides its spectrum pool into slices. Each MVNO reserves one or more slice(s). There are 2 forms of slice scheduling: Resource-based in which the slices are assigned a portion of radio resources or Data rate-based in which the slices are assigned a certain bandwidth. In the first part of this thesis we present different approaches for adapting resource-based NV, Data rate-based NV to Machine Type Communication (MTC). This will be done in such a way that resources are allocated to each slice depending on the delay budget of the MTCDs deployed in the slice and their payloads. The adapted NV schemes are then simulated and compared to the Static Reservation (SR) of radio resources. They have all shown an improved performance over SR from deadline missing perspective. In the second part of the thesis, we introduce a novel resource trading scheme that allows sharing operators to trade their radio resources based on the varying needs of their clients with time. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the resource trading among the virtual operators. The proposed trading scheme is simulated and compared to the adapted schemes from the first part of the thesis. The novel trading scheme has shown to achieve significantly better performance compared to the adapted schemes

Dipslacement and Mixed Fibre Beam Elements for Modelling of Slender Reinforced Concrete Structures under Cyclic Loads

In this paper, two fibre-based beam elements with enhanced capabilities to consider large displacement s and rotations of slender reinforced concrete members are developed. Fibre beam elements were comprehensively used before to model the behaviour of different structural systems with great accuracy . To upsurge the use of the fibre beam elements in modelling complex reinforced concrete (RC) systems such as slender walls and columns, the elements are improved by including the second order effect. Available research from the literature related to large displacements focused mainly on modelling steel and composite members due to the limitations in their material model behaviour. Conversely, the newly developed elements introduced in this paper can precisely model RC members by accounting for their more complex nonlinear material behaviour under reversed cyclic loads. The first element is formulated using a displacement formulation, while the second element is based on a mixed approach that is computationally more complicated but numerically more efficient . Further, the adopted concrete constitutive law accounts for the effect of compression post-peak softening as well as tension stiffening and degradation under cyclic loads. Several correlation studies are presented to highlight the efficiency of the new elements in modelling slender RC structures

Cubic BOI-ideal of BOI-algebra

In this paper, the notion of cubic BOI-ideal of BOI-algebra is introduced. Some characterization of cubic BOI-ideal of BOI-algebra is given. Several theorems are presented in this regard. Thehomomorphic image and inverse image of cubic BOI-ideal are studied

Microbial-Physical Synthesis of Fe and Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus niger YESM1 and Supercritical Condition of Ethanol

Magnetic Fe and Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles are successfully synthesized using Aspergillus niger YESM 1 and supercritical condition of liquids. Aspergillus niger is used for decomposition of FeSO4 and FeCl3 to FeS and Fe2O3, respectively. The produced particles are exposed to supercritical condition of ethanol for 1 hour at 300∘ C and pressure of 850 psi. The phase structure and the morphology measurements yield pure iron and major Fe3O4 spherical nanoparticles with average size of 18 and 50 nm, respectively. The crystal size amounts to 9 nm for Fe and 8 nm for Fe3O4. The magnetic properties are measured to exhibit superparamagneticand ferromagnetic-like behaviors for Fe and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, respectively. The saturation magnetization amounts to 112 and 68 emu/g for Fe and Fe3O4, respectively. The obtained results open new route for using the biophysical method for large-scale production of highly magnetic nanoparticles to be used for biomedical applications