MCTP is an ER-resident calcium sensor that stabilizes synaptic transmission and homeostatic plasticity.

Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) controls synaptic transmission in organisms from Drosophila to human and is hypothesized to be relevant to the cause of human disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PHP are just emerging and direct disease associations remain obscure. In a forward genetic screen for mutations that block PHP we identified mctp (Multiple C2 Domain Proteins with Two Transmembrane Regions). Here we show that MCTP localizes to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that elaborate throughout the soma, dendrites, axon and presynaptic terminal. Then, we demonstrate that MCTP functions downstream of presynaptic calcium influx with separable activities to stabilize baseline transmission, short-term release dynamics and PHP. Notably, PHP specifically requires the calcium coordinating residues in each of the three C2 domains of MCTP. Thus, we propose MCTP as a novel, ER-localized calcium sensor and a source of calcium-dependent feedback for the homeostatic stabilization of neurotransmission

The Studies on Diurnal Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioğlu Campus

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Terzioğlu Yerleşkesinde bulunan Lepidoptera takımına ait kelebek türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2005–2007 yılları arasında survey ve laboratuvar çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Lepidoptera takımında bulunan 5 familyaya ait, 44 tür elde edilmiştir. Yerleşke sınırları içerisinde, Rhopalocera alt takımı içerisinde Nymphalidae familyası en zengin tür sayısına (23) sahiptir. Bunu, Pieridae (8), Hesperiidae (5), Papillionidae (4) ve Lycaenidae (4) familyaları takip etmektedir. Yerleşkede Pieris brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi, Colias crocea, Iphiclides podalirius ve Melanargia larissa en sık görülen türler olarak belirlenmiştir.The purpose of the study is to determine lepidopteran species on Terzioğlu Campus during March 2005– April 2007. We surveyed Rhopalocera butterflies in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioğlu Campus, in Çanakkale, Turkey. In this study, total of 44 species belonging to to Papilionidae (4), Nymphalidae (23), Pieridae (8), Lycaenidae (4) and Hesperiidae (5), were identified. The most abundant species throughout the campus are Pieris brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi, Colias crocea, Iphiclides podalirius, and Melanargia larissa

The onset of convection in horizontally partitioned porous layers

In this paper, the onset of convection in a horizontally partitioned porous layer is investigated. Two identical sublayers are separated by a thin impermeable barrier. There exists a background horizontal flow in one of the layers or, equivalently, flows of half that strength in each sublayer but in opposite directions. A linearised stability analysis is performed where the horizontal component of the disturbance is factored into separate Fourier modes, leaving an ordinary differential eigenvalue problem for the critical Darcy-Rayleigh number as a function of the wavenumber. The dispersion relation is derived and the neutral stability curves are obtained for a wide range of horizontal flow rates. The presence of the horizontal flow alters the morphology of the neutral curves from that which occurs when there is no flow and travelling modes may arise. We also determine the condition under which the most dangerous disturbance changes from a stationary mode to travelling mode. Some three-dimensional aspects are also considered. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3589864

The effect of new Turkish foreign policy on international trade

Turkish foreign policy has changed substantially within the last decade. Even though its relationship with the West still has significance, relations with neighboring countries and other countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia have improved. This new foreign policy incorporates Turkey's political and economic aspirations. Its aim is to utilize the country's economic strength in order to reach political goals while simultaneously using political tools to obtain economic benefits. This study analyzes the effects of the recent change in foreign policy on Turkey's international trade. Specifically, we investigate the influence of Turkish Prime Minister Erdoǧan's foreign visits on international trade by using a standard trade gravity model. Statistical analyses imply that Erdoǧan's visits help increase Turkish international trade

Children's Foreign Language Anxiety Scale: Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity

Foreign language anxiety (FLA), which constitutes a serious problem in the foreign language learning process, has been mainly seen as a research issue regarding adult language learners, while it has been overlooked in children. This is because there is a lack of appropriate tools to measure FLA among children, whereas there are many studies on the scales that aim to measure anxiety levels among adult learners. Thus, the current study aims to conduct the preliminary tests of reliability and validity of the Children's Foreign Language Anxiety Scale (CFLAS) and to report on the pilot examination of reliability, validity and factor structure of the CFLAS. The findings of the pilot study show that CFLAS is a reliable and valid tool to measure FLA levels among children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL) within the age range of 7-12 in a Turkish EFL context

Weakly nonlinear convection in a porous layer with multiple horizontal partitions

We consider convection in a horizontally uniform fluid-saturated porous layer which is heated from below and which is split into a number of identical sublayers by impermeable and infinitesimally thin horizontal partitions. Rees and Genc (Int J Heat Mass Transfer 54:3081-3089, 2010) determined the onset criterion by means of a detailed analytical and numerical study of the corresponding dispersion relation and showed that this layered system behaves like the single-sublayer constant-heat-flux Darcy-Benard problem when the number of sublayers becomes large. The aim of the present work is to use a weakly nonlinear analysis to determine whether the layered system also shares the property of the single-sublayer constant-heat-flux Darcy-Benard problem by having square cells, as opposed to rolls, as the preferred planform for convection.We consider convection in a horizontally uniform fluid-saturated porous layerwhich is heated from below and which is split into a number of identical sublayers byimpermeable and infinitesimally thin horizontal partitions. Rees and Gen&ccedil; (Int J Heat MassTransfer 54:3081&ndash;3089,&nbsp;&nbsp;2010) determined the onset criterion by means of a detailed analyticaland numerical study of the corresponding dispersion relation and showed that this layeredsystem behaves like the single-sublayer constant-heat-flux Darcy&ndash;B&eacute;nard problem when thenumber of sublayers becomes large. The aim of the present work is to use a weakly nonlinearanalysis to determine whether the layered system also shares the property of the singlesublayerconstant-heat-flux Darcy&ndash;B&eacute;nard problem by having square cells, as opposed torolls, as the preferred planform for convection.</p

SmartTrack: Efficient Predictive Race Detection

Widely used data race detectors, including the state-of-the-art FastTrack algorithm, incur performance costs that are acceptable for regular in-house testing, but miss races detectable from the analyzed execution. Predictive analyses detect more data races in an analyzed execution than FastTrack detects, but at significantly higher performance cost. This paper presents SmartTrack, an algorithm that optimizes predictive race detection analyses, including two analyses from prior work and a new analysis introduced in this paper. SmartTrack's algorithm incorporates two main optimizations: (1) epoch and ownership optimizations from prior work, applied to predictive analysis for the first time; and (2) novel conflicting critical section optimizations introduced by this paper. Our evaluation shows that SmartTrack achieves performance competitive with FastTrack-a qualitative improvement in the state of the art for data race detection.Comment: Extended arXiv version of PLDI 2020 paper (adds Appendices A-E) #228 SmartTrack: Efficient Predictive Race Detectio

On Deception-Based Protection Against Cryptographic Ransomware

In order to detect malicious file system activity, some commercial and academic anti-ransomware solutions implement deception-based techniques, specifically by placing decoy files among user files. While this approach raises the bar against current ransomware, as any access to a decoy file is a sign of malicious activity, the robustness of decoy strategies has not been formally analyzed and fully tested. In this paper, we analyze existing decoy strategies and discuss how they are effective in countering current ransomware by defining a set of metrics to measure their robustness. To demonstrate how ransomware can identify existing deception-based detection strategies, we have implemented a proof-of-concept anti-decoy ransomware that successfully bypasses decoys by using a decision engine with few rules. Finally, we discuss existing issues in decoy-based strategies and propose practical solutions to mitigate them

The impacts of negative problem orientation on perceived risk and travel intention in the context of COVID-19: a PLS-SEM approach

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic, which appeared in China in late 2019, has affected the world psychologically, socially and economically in 2020. Tourism is one of the areas where the effects of COVID-19 have been felt most clearly. The study aims to determine the effect of negative problem orientation (NPO) and perceived risk related to the COVID-19 pandemic on travel and destination visit intention. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a convenience and probabilistic sampling method for collecting data from 531 respondents using an online questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for testing research model. Findings: According to the findings, NPO and perceived risk related to the pandemic were found to have direct and indirect effects on the travel behavior of tourists. The results of this research provide theoretical and practical implications for hospitality and travel businesses on topics such as the psychological effects of the pandemic and the travel behaviors of tourists. Originality/value: It is estimated that the pandemic will also affect tourist behavior due to its effects on human psychology. For this reason, a study conducted in the context of tourist behavior theories is expected to contribute to the literature, managers and future of the tourism