Dualistic sector choice and female labour supply: evidence from formal and informal sector in Cameroon

In developing countries, labour supply and activity choices are distorted by the existence of labour market imperfections restricting entry to the activity sectors or rationing the worked hours. The presence of decreasing returns to labour in the informal sector is another specific characteristic of labour market dualism in LDCs. Because of the existence of entry costs, hours rationing in the formal sector and the non-linear earnings function in the informal sector that is quasi-autarkic in labour, the usual separation theorems of the standard labour supply models do not apply. Using data from a sample of women in Yaoundé (Cameroon) in 1993, choosing their activity in different sectors, we show that formal and informal labour markets have features associated with dualism and market imperfections. By contrast with the simplified models in the literature, we estimate a non-linear non-separable integrated model of activity choice and labour supply of female workers, jointly with market imperfections. We identify the effects of explanatory variables of the preferences and the earnings functions in this simultaneous structural framework. The results show that the earnings function in the informal sector is strictly concave in hours, and positively related to the education and experience of workers and the capital of the family firm. The presence of young children has a negative impact on the latent labour supply whereas that of other female members makes easier the supply of labour which is consistent with the existence of substitutabilities in the domestic chores. Other children, age and marital status of the worker also influence the latent labour supply.

Le scénario dans le roman : Changement de décor de David Lodge

Dans le roman de David Lodge Changement de décor, le sixième et dernier chapitre est rédigé sous la forme d'un scénario. Que revendique la forme scénarique à la fin de ce roman? Quelles sont les similitudes et les différences de cette forme scénarique avec le reste du roman et par rapport à un scénario « standard »? Dans le métalangage utilisé, l'auteur se dévoile et nous éclaire. Dans ce sixième chapitre, le fond (ce métalangage) fait écho à la forme (la forme scénarique). Nous sommes avec David Lodge entre deux conceptions du scénario : écriture de transition ou texte achevé.The sixth (and last) chapter of David Lodge's Changing Places is written in the form of a scenario. What does this form involve as the conclusion of the novel? What are the similarities and differences of the scenario as a form in comparison with the rest of the novel and with a regular scenario? In the metalanguage he uses, the author reveals himself and enlightens us. In this chapter, the content (this metalanguage) echoes the form (the scenario form), as both point to a specific concept (the idea of a film). With Lodge, we find ourselves between two conceptions of a scenario, that of a writing in transition and that of a completed text

The leptonic future of the Higgs

Precision study of electroweak symmetry breaking strongly motivates the construction of a lepton collider with center-of-mass energy of at least 240 GeV. Besides Higgsstrahlung ($e^+e^- \to hZ$), such a collider would measure weak boson pair production ($e^+e^- \to WW$) with an astonishing precision. The weak-boson-fusion production process ($e^+e^- \to \nu \bar{\nu} h$) provides an increasingly powerful handle at higher center-of-mass energies. High energies also benefit the associated top-Higgs production ($e^+e^-\to t\bar th$) that is crucial to constrain directly the top Yukawa coupling. The impact and complementarity of differential measurements, at different center-of-mass energies and for several beam polarization configurations, are studied in a global effective-field-theory framework. We define a "global determinant parameter" (GDP) which characterizes the overall strengthening of constraints independently of the choice of operator basis. The reach of the CEPC, CLIC, FCC-ee, and ILC designs is assessed.Comment: 55 pages, lots of figures, v2: references added, minor corrections, extended discussions on quadratic EFT contributions and beam polarization effects, matches published version in JHE

Recursive regularization step for high-order lattice Boltzmann methods

A lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with enhanced stability and accuracy is presented for various Hermite tensor-based lattice structures. The collision operator relies on a regularization step, which is here improved through a recursive computation of non-equilibrium Hermite polynomial coefficients. In addition to the reduced computational cost of this procedure with respect to the standard one, the recursive step allows to considerably enhance the stability and accuracy of the numerical scheme by properly filtering out second (and higher) order non-hydrodynamic contributions in under-resolved conditions. This is first shown in the isothermal case where the simulation of the doubly periodic shear layer is performed with a Reynolds number ranging from $10^4$ to $10^6$, and where a thorough analysis of the case at $Re=3\times 10^4$ is conducted. In the latter, results obtained using both regularization steps are compared against the BGK-LBM for standard (D2Q9) and high-order (D2V17 and D2V37) lattice structures, confirming the tremendous increase of stability range of the proposed approach. Further comparisons on thermal and fully compressible flows, using the general extension of this procedure, are then conducted through the numerical simulation of Sod shock tubes with the D2V37 lattice. They confirm the stability increase induced by the recursive approach as compared with the standard one.Comment: Accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Physical Review

Minimally extended SILH

Higgs boson compositeness is a phenomenologically viable scenario addressing the hierarchy problem. In minimal models, the Higgs boson is the only degree of freedom of the strong sector below the strong interaction scale. We present here the simplest extension of such a framework with an additional composite spin-zero singlet. To this end, we adopt an effective field theory approach and develop a set of rules to estimate the size of the various operator coefficients, relating them to the parameters of the strong sector and its structural features. As a result, we obtain the patterns of new interactions affecting both the new singlet and the Higgs boson's physics. We identify the characteristics of the singlet field which cause its effects on Higgs physics to dominate over the ones inherited from the composite nature of the Higgs boson. Our effective field theory construction is supported by comparisons with explicit UV models.Comment: Matches JHEP versio

A Welfare Analysis of Macroprudential Policy Rules in the Euro Area

International audienceIn an estimated DSGE model of the European Monetary Union that accounts for financial differences between core and peripheral countries, we find that country-adjusted macroprudential measures lead to significant welfare gains with respect to a uniform macroprudential policy rule that reacts to union wide financial developments. However, peripheral countries are the winners from the implementation of macroprudential measures while core countries incur welfare losses, thus questioning the interest of adopting coordinated macroprudential measures with peripheral countries.A l'aide d'un modèle MEGIS estimé pour la zone euro tenant compte des différences économiques entre le coeur et la périphérie de la zone Euro, nous constatons que les mesures macroprudentielles conduites à l'échelle national mènent à des gains de bien-être importants par rapport à une règle de politique uniforme qui réagit aux développements financiers à l'échelle fédérale. Cependant, ces mesures macroprudentielles ne sont pas bénéfiques pour tous les participants: les gains de bien-être sont principalement obtenus pour les pays périphériques alors que les pays du coeur peuvent être perdants suite à la mise en place cette nouvelle politique de stabilité financière

Giemsa versus acridine orange staining in the fish micronucleus assay and validation for use in water quality monitoring

This study concerns a comparative analysis of the acridineorange and Giemsastaining procedures for the fish erythrocyte micronucleusassay. The goal was to optimize the assay in the context of field watermonitoring. Fish (Carassius carassius) were exposed to a reference genotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide monohydrate 5 mg l−1 for 2, 4, and 6 days before testing. Slides from each individual were scored using the two procedures. The results show that the assay was more sensitive when acridineorange was used. When slides were Giemsa stained, the presence of ambiguous artefacts, leading to false positives and increasing random variance, reduced the contrast between exposed and control samples. AcridineOrangestaining was then applied in the context of waterqualitymonitoring. Fish were exposed for 4 days to water sampled in two hydrological contexts: basal flow and spring flood. The results show that exposure to spring flood water in an agricultural stream can induce mutagenicity

Le cinéma : une mémoire culturelle

Partant du constat que fait Robert Mandrou en 1958 dans les Annales du retard accumulé par les historiens et les sociologues dans l’appréhension d’un art « qui est plus qu’un art », le cinéma, l’article reprend son classement des discours historiques dont le cinéma a fait l’objet. Outre l’illusoire « histoire » que s’imaginent faire les critiques, il y a une histoire encyclopédique (embryonnaire), et une histoire techniciste. Or ces trois modèles de l’histoire du cinéma, avec leurs insuffisances, demeurent aujourd’hui dominants. Pourtant, en 1978, le Congrès de la FIAF à Brighton inaugure la prise en compte des conditions de diffusion et de réception des films « des premiers temps ». Plus encore, à la fin des années 1970, apparaissent en France des études consacrées à la réception et au public. Il est alors non seulement question de films, mais de salles, d’exploitants, de distributeurs, d’experts et de médiateurs enfin (critiques et cinéphiles) ; le cinéma devient le spectacle cinématographique, il est envisagé comme un fait culturel.In 1958, Robert Mandrou noted in les Annales that historians and sociologists had been slow to recognise cinema as an art “that is more than an art”. This article starts by setting out Mandrou’s classification of the different historical discourses of which cinema has been the object : apart from the illusory “history” of film critics, there is an (embryonic) encyclopaedic history and a technological history. These three models of film history, as well as their shortcomings, remain dominant today. However, in 1978, the FIAF congress in Brighton began to take into consideration the exhibition and reception of “early cinema”. Furthermore, in France at the end of the 1970s, there appeared studies of reception and spectatorship. These studies concern not only the films themselves, but also theatres, cinema-owners, distributors, experts and mediators (i.e. critics and cinephiles). Early cinema having become an entertainment industry, it is therefore to be studied as a cultural phenomenon

Barrages contre le Pacifique

La Nouvelle Vague n’a pas toujours fait l’unanimité. Si l’on conserve le souvenir du conflit entre les Cahiers du Cinéma et Positif, c’est bien souvent pour en dégager une forme de mythologie qui opposerait au fond deux politiques des auteurs concurrentes. Or il n’en est rien. Certes, la Politique des auteurs était conspuée comme « un mal qui répand la terreur » (Raymond Borde), mais la Nouvelle Vague fut rejetée non sans rationalité ni sans argumentation. Son déferlement fut l’occasion d’une bataille critique dont la verve pamphlétaire s’inscrit dans une tradition littéraire et artistique. Non seulement elle excède les revues précitées, mais elle est aussi le prétexte à un discours qui lutte pied à pied sur le terrain du politique comme sur celui de l’esthétique. En s’adossant principalement aux textes de Raymond Borde, de Robert Benayoun, de Louis Seguin, mais aussi de Michèle Firk ou de Jacques Siclier, cet article s’intéresse aux vaincus de l’histoire ; il entend dresser une typologie des arguments déployés contre la Nouvelle Vague et il questionne aussi bien la pratique de l’exercice critique par vent de force Neuf.The french New Wave has not always been unanimous. If we remember the conflict between Cahiers du Cinéma and Positif, it is often to draw a form of mythology from it, which would basically oppose two competing “Politiques des auteurs”. But this is not the case. Certainly, the “Politique des auteur” was reviled as “an evil that spreads terror” (Raymond Borde), but the french New Wave was rationally rejected. Its outpouring was the occasion for a critical battle whose pamphleteering verve was part of a literary and artistic tradition. Not only it exceeds the aforementioned periodicals, but it is also the pretext to a discourse which fights foot to foot on the ground of the politics as on that of the aesthetics. By leaning mainly on the texts of Raymond Borde, Robert Benayoun, Louis Seguin, but also Michèle Firk or Jacques Siclier, this article is interested in the defeated of history; it intends to draw up a typology of the arguments deployed against the french New Wave and it questions the practice of the critical exercise when the storm is raging