Un estudio comparativo de los currículum de matemática para nivel primario de dos momentos contrapuestos de la reciente historia argentina : Ultima dictadura militar y retorno a la democracia

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron y compararon diseños curriculares de Matemática para la educación primaria correspondientes a dos momentos contrapuestos de la reciente historia argentina: última dictadura militar y retorno a la democracia. El interés que despierta el estudio comparativo de dichos currículos se basa en la consideración del poder político como la última instancia de decisión sobre los contenidos y metodologías pedagógicas que llevan adelante las instituciones escolares y docentes. Luego de una breve referencia histórica y de una descripción de los aspectos generales de ambos curriculum se enfocó el análisis en aspectos didácticos tales como el tratamiento y secuenciación de los contenidos, uso propuesto de material concreto, perfil de los destinatarios y lugar asignado al juego en las clases. Se tomó como marco teórico para dicho análisis autores pertenecientes en su mayoría a la escuela de Didáctica de la Matemática francesa, Se encontró que es en el perfil del alumno, en la participación y posicionamiento que debe asumir ante la sociedad a la que pertenece, donde se perciben las mayores diferencias entre ambos documentosFil: Cademartori, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina

La experimentación fotográfica como práctica didáctica

Fotografía Experimental consiste en un taller creado para los alumnos del último año de la Orientación Ciencias Naturales del Liceo Víctor Mercante de la U.N.L.P. El aspecto que lo caracteriza es el trabajo interdisciplinario que se realiza durante su desarrollo en el que se articulan aspectos de las ciencias físicas, químicas y sociales para el abordaje de la fotografía como tema a investigar. La experimentación, la modalidad de taller y las consiguientes producciones en clase propician el espacio adecuado para la construcción de los conocimientos teóricos que docentes y alumnos aportan, a la integración de los diferentes saberes, en las conclusiones finales de cada jornada.Trabajos del área Ciencias NaturalesDepartamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Un estudio comparativo de los currículum de Matemática para nivel primario de dos momentos contrapuestos de la reciente historia argentina: última dictadura militar y retorno a la democracia

En el presente trabajo se estudiaron y compararon diseños curriculares de Matemática para la educación primaria correspondientes a dos momentos contrapuestos de la reciente historia argentina: última dictadura militar y retorno a la democracia. El interés que despierta el estudio comparativo de dichos currículos se basa en la consideración del poder político como la última instancia de decisión sobre los contenidos y metodologías pedagógicas que llevan adelante las instituciones escolares y docentes. Luego de una breve referencia histórica y de una descripción de los aspectos generales de ambos curriculum se enfocó el análisis en aspectos didácticos tales como el tratamiento y secuenciación de los contenidos, uso propuesto de material concreto, perfil de los destinatarios y lugar asignado al juego en las clases. Se tomó como marco teórico para dicho análisis autores pertenecientes en su mayoría a la escuela de Didáctica de la Matemática francesa, Se encontró que es en el perfil del alumno, en la participación y posicionamiento que debe asumir ante la sociedad a la que pertenece, donde se perciben las mayores diferencias entre ambos documentos.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Leonardo da Vinci: un diálogo interdisciplinario

Este proyecto aspira abordar contenidos específicos comprendidos en los programas de las materias de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, de manera interdisciplinaria. Está dirigido a alumnos de 2º año del ciclo ESB del Liceo Víctor Mercante. Leonardo Da Vinci constituye la figura aglutinante debido a que, dentro de su prolífica obra contempla aspectos pasibles de ser desarrollados conjuntamente desde la Matemática, Química, Física y Biología. Pero además ofrece la posibilidad de estudiarlos en el entramado histórico y social de su época lo cual profundiza y enriquece la construcción de los conocimientos científicos.Sección Naturales.Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Seismic evidence for thermal runaway during intermediate-depth earthquake rupture

Intermediate-depth earthquakes occur at depths where temperatures and pressures exceed those at which brittle failure is expected. There are two leading candidates for the physical mechanism behind these earthquakes: dehydration embrittlement and self-localizing thermal shear runaway. A complete energy budget for a range of earthquake sizes can help constrain whether either of these mechanisms might play a role in intermediate-depth earthquake rupture. The combination of high stress drop and low radiation efficiency that we observe for M[subscript w] 4–5 earthquakes in the Bucaramanga Nest implies a temperature increase of 600–1000°C for a centimeter-scale layer during earthquake failure. This suggests that substantial shear heating, and possibly partial melting, occurs during intermediate-depth earthquake failure. Our observations support thermal shear runaway as the mechanism for intermediate-depth earthquakes, which would help explain differences in their behavior compared to shallow earthquakes.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant EAR-1045684

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Can Halt and Even Reverse Renal Tubule-Interstitial Fibrosis

Background: The tubule-interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive renal disease and is strongly associated with inflammation of this compartment. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective molecule that has been shown to be beneficial in various models of renal injury. However, the role of HO-1 in reversing an established renal scar has not yet been addressed. Aim: We explored the ability of HO-1 to halt and reverse the establishment of fibrosis in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and divided into two groups: non-treated and Hemin-treated. To study the prevention of fibrosis, animals were pre-treated with Hemin at days -2 and -1 prior to UUO. To investigate whether HO-1 could reverse established fibrosis, Hemin therapy was given at days 6 and 7 post-surgery. After 7 and/or 14 days, animals were sacrificed and blood, urine and kidney tissue samples were collected for analyses. Renal function was determined by assessing the serum creatinine, inulin clearance, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio and extent of albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure was measured and fibrosis was quantified by Picrosirius staining. Gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, as well as HO-1 were performed. Results: Pre-treatment with Hemin upregulated HO-1 expression and significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, inflammation and pro-fibrotic protein and gene expressions in animals subjected to UUO. Interestingly, the delayed treatment with Hemin was also able to reduce renal dysfunction and to decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, all in association with significantly reduced levels of fibrosis-related molecules and collagen deposition. Finally, TGF-beta protein production was significantly lower in Hemin-treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with Hemin was able both to prevent the progression of fibrosis and to reverse an established renal scar. Modulation of inflammation appears to be the major mechanism behind HO-1 cytoprotection.Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP[07/07139-3]Coordenaco de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPESInstituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Complexos Fluidos (INCT)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNP