22 research outputs found
Economic Issues in Tariffication: An Overview
Tariffication is an effort to convert all existing agricultural nontariff barriers (NTBs) to trade into bound tariffs and to reduce these tariffs over time. The main economic issues that arise with tariffication stem from the nonequivalence of tariffs in NTBs in a number of scenarios. This paper analyzes nonequivalence arising from the existence of imperfect competition in importing countries, price instability in importing and exporting countries, and inefficient allocation of quantitative restrictions. It is shown that in all these cases the definition of an appropriate equivalent tariff to be used in tariffication is not straightforward, and that in general this equivalent tariff cannot be computed on the basis of only observed price differences between countries
Historical separation and present-day structure of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) populations in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
The common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is an epipelagic, mid-trophic level, highly migratory species distributed throughout the
world’s tropical and subtropical oceans in waters greater than 20C. Life-history variables, migratory behaviour, and genetic markers have
been used to define major stocks in the central Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Here, we used the mitochondrial DNA gene NADH
subunit 1 (688 bp) to test for differences between population groups. A total of 103 haplotypes were detected among 203 fish. Gene diversities in samples were large and similar among populations (mean h ¼ 0.932; range 0.894–0.987), but nucleotide diversities varied widely among
samples (range p ¼ 0.004–0.034) and appear to reflect population histories. Principal component analysis revealed two large populations
groups, and the analysis of molecular variation and pairwise values of UST resolved population structure within these groups. Populations in
the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean showed the largest amounts of divergence from one another (UCT ¼ 0.331). Adult movement and
biophysical barriers to larval dispersal may explain contemporary differences between stocks, but the divergent populations in the Mediterranean Sea are likely due to isolations by cold temperature barriers during Pleistocene glaciations. The geographically large stock
groupings require international cooperation in the harvest management and conservation of local dolphinfish populations
Correction: Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Biometrics and Condition
Correction: Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Biometrics and ConditionPostprint4,411
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Biometrics and Condition
The compiled data for this study represents the first Atlantic and Mediterranean-wide effort
to pool all available biometric data for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) with the collaboration
of many countries and scientific groups. Biometric relationships were based on
an extensive sampling (over 140,000 fish sampled), covering most of the fishing areas for
this species in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Sensitivity analyses
were carried out to evaluate the representativeness of sampling and explore the most adequate
procedure to fit the weight-length relationship (WLR). The selected model for the
WLRs by stock included standardized data series (common measurement types)
weighted by the inverse variability. There was little difference between annual stock-specific
round weight-straight fork length relationships, with an overall difference of 6% in
weight. The predicted weight by month was estimated as an additional component in the
exponent of the weight-length function. The analyses of monthly variations of fish condition
by stock, maturity state and geographic area reflect annual cycles of spawning and
feeding behavior. We update and improve upon the biometric relationships for bluefin currently
used by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, by
incorporating substantially larger datasets than ever previously compiled, providing complete
documentation of sources and employing robust statistical fitting.WLRs and other conversion factors estimated in this study differ from the ones used in previous bluefin
stock assessments.Postprint4,411
Resistência e tolerância a impacto transversal de baixa energia de um laminado híbrido metal/fibra
A depressão pela perspectiva biopsicossocial e a função protetora das habilidades sociais
Nonlinear behaviour of multiphase mox fuels : a micromechanical approach
International audienc
Corrigendum to ‘The heritability of mental health and wellbeing defined using COMPAS-W, a new composite measure of wellbeing’: Psychiatry Research, 219, (2014), 204–213
Caractérisation a l’échelle locale des propriétés mécaniques en rupture du matériau modèle du combustible irradié
International audienc