Traditional dairy products can supply beneficial microorganisms able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract Little is known about the role of traditional dairy products in naturally supplying beneficial microorganisms able to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). To investigate this aspect, a fresh artisanal Pasta Filata cheese was administered daily to 18 healthy children, 3–6 years of age, for seven days. Counts and type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionic acid bacteria (PAB) were carried out on the cheese and children's faeces before and after cheese consumption. In most cases, statistically significant increases of presumptive LAB were observed after seven days from suspension compared to values before and at the end of consumption. Based on repetitive element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) genotyping, six cheese isolates were identical to faecal isolates. Identity was confirmed by sequencing regions of clpP and rpoD genes for LAB and pepN and proW genes for PAB. Among those cheese isolates P. freudenreichii S-1-P, L. plantarum S-2-2 and L. helveticus S-2-6 stimulated the production of high interleukin 10 (IL-10) and low tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Therefore they could exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Results suggested that traditional dairy products should be more efficiently exploited as a natural source of health-promoting microorganisms

PRECURSORI DEI TIOLI VARIETALI DURANTE LA MATURAZIONE E LA PRESSATURA DELLE UVE DEL TRAMINER AROMATICO

Gli autori riportano l'evoluzione, in crescita in prossimit\ue0 della raccolta tecnologica indipendentemente dalle condizioni climatiche dell'annata, del glutationil- e del cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo, precursori dei tioli varietali. Ne riportano, inoltre, la concentrazione nelle diverse frazioni di pressatura. Tali precursori sono responsabili, previa fermentazione con adeguati ceppi di lievito, di note tropicali-agrumate che contribuiscono alla tipicit\ue0 del Traminer. Bench\ue9 il Traminer aromatico o Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT) sia una variet\ue0 internazionale nota per l'elevata aromaticit\ue0 di origine terpenica riconducibile - a livello di uva - principalmente a geraniolo, citronellolo, nerolo e ossido di rosa, altre molecole varietali sono state riportate pi\uf9 recentemente fra quelle in grado di rivestire un ruolo tecnologico operativo. \uc8 il caso specificatamente dei cosiddetti tioli varietali e dei loro precursori, presenti questi ultimi nelle uve come risultante di diverse vie biosintetiche e/o tecnogeniche. Non \ue8 certamente questa la sede per una disanima di tali vie di formazione, vale per\uf2 la pena ricordare almeno che: \u2022 i principali, bench\ue9 non esclusivi, precursori sono il glutationil-3-mercaptoesanolo (GSH-3MH) e il cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo (Cys-3MH) (Dubordieu e Tominaga 2009; Roland et al. 2010 a, b; Concejero et al. 2014; Rom\ue1n Villegas et al. 2016; Nicolini et al. 2019) e che: \u2022 il manifestarsi delle interessanti note da frutta tropicale, frutto della passione e pompelmo passa attraverso la liberazione dei sopraccitati precursori dalla componente azotata e la successiva acetilazione fermentativa del 3-mercaptesanolo ad acetato di mercaptoesile, avendo come risultante, nei vini GWT, un apprezzato incremento della tipicit\ue0 (Rom\ue1n et al. 2018). In questa breve nota gli autori intendono presentare l'evoluzione dei precursori tiolici del 3-mercaptoesanolo durante la maturazione delle uve Traminer aromatico, cos\uec come osservata in Trentino Alto- Adige in due annate, il 2014 e il 2018, molto differenti dal punto di vista climatico e produttivo; il 2014 \ue8 stato infatti caratterizzato da temperature particolarmente fredde e significativa piovosit\ue0, mentre il 2018 da ben pi\uf9 favorevoli condizioni di clima e piovosit\ue0, associate per\uf2 a livelli di produzione decisamente elevati (Bottura 2015, 2019)

Nutrizione iodica globale nel 2020

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SIAMOC position paper on gait analysis in clinical practice: General requirements, methods and appropriateness. Results of an Italian consensus conference

Gait analysis is recognized as a useful assessment tool in the field of human movement research. However, doubts remain on its real effectiveness as a clinical tool, i.e. on its capability to change the diagnostic-therapeutic practice. In particular, the conditions in which evidence of a favorable cost-benefit ratio is found and the methodology for properly conducting and interpreting the exam are not identified clearly. To provide guidelines for the use of Gait Analysis in the context of rehabilitation medicine, SIAMOC (the Italian Society of Clinical Movement Analysis) promoted a National Consensus Conference which was held in Bologna on September 14th, 2013. The resulting recommendations were the result of a three-stage process entailing i) the preparation of working documents on specific open issues, ii) the holding of the consensus meeting, and iii) the drafting of consensus statements by an external Jury. The statements were formulated based on scientific evidence or experts' opinion, when the quality/quantity of the relevant literature was deemed insufficient. The aim of this work is to disseminate the consensus statements. These are divided into 13 questions grouped in three areas of interest: 1) General requirements and management, 2) Methodological and instrumental issues, and 3) Scientific evidence and clinical appropriateness. SIAMOC hopes that this document will contribute to improve clinical practice and help promoting further research in the field

Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk

Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurological disease, with 3c20% of risk heritability attributable to common genetic variants, including >230 identified by genome-wide association studies. Multiple strands of evidence suggest that much of the remaining heritability is also due to additive effects of common variants rather than epistasis between these variants or mutations exclusive to individual families. Here, we show in 68,379 cases and controls that up to 5% of this heritability is explained by low-frequency variation in gene coding sequence. We identify four novel genes driving MS risk independently of common-variant signals, highlighting key pathogenic roles for regulatory T cell homeostasis and regulation, IFN\u3b3 biology, and NF\u3baB signaling. As low-frequency variants do not show substantial linkage disequilibrium with other variants, and as coding variants are more interpretable and experimentally tractable than non-coding variation, our discoveries constitute a rich resource for dissecting the pathobiology of MS. In a large multi-cohort study, unexplained heritability for multiple sclerosis is detected in low-frequency coding variants that are missed by GWAS analyses, further underscoring the role of immune genes in MS pathology