Effects of a Program of Sport Schools on Development of Social and Psychomotor Skills of People with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Project

Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present learning difficulties and limited performance of social skills, besides lower motor skills performance in comparison with their peers. Owing to these difficulties, most of children with ASD are at risk of social exclusion or a poor inclusion due to their behavior, mainly playing with other partners, understanding play and leisure as a main performance area for children and their main occupation during childhood (defining occupation from occupational therapy point of view). Therefore, learning rules of a well-known game such as football, together with social skills training can help avoid exclusion and improve social life of people with ASD. Two of the main objectives pursued by this study are: first, to favor football practice among children with different abilities, as well as their future inclusion in the rest of social sports schools performing the activities at the same level as their peers; and, secondly, to facilitate comprehensive development for young people in order to improve their quality of life, moreover, the creation of healthy and sporting habits.It is now presented a pilot project (n=5) in which the actions carried out during the training program are analyzed along with the results achieved after 24 one-hour-session. In general terms, the results obtained are positive with the best scores in psychomotor and social skills at the end of the programs, being conscious of this study’s limitations

Universidad y ODS4 desde la perspectiva del tercer sector: retos y oportunidades para alcanzar la inclusión educativa

Introduction. Progress towards achieving the goals set out in MDG4 of the 2030 Agenda will only be possible by strengthening collaboration and intersectoral dialogue between universities and the third sector. This study analyses the main lines of collaboration between these actors in favour of the inclusion of people with disabilities and identifies, through a descriptive study, the perception that the third sector currently has of the role that Spanish public universities are playing as inclusive social leaders. Method. Qualitative methodology and non-experimental design characterise this study, through the use of an information tool whose reliability and internal consistency can be seen through a Cronbach's alpha of 0.875, obtained in a previous study. The study sample is made up of the representative platforms of people with disabilities in Spain: CERMI State CERMI and CERMI Madrid. Results. The results show that both platforms consider that universities are not welcoming or respectful of diversity. Discussion. Therefore, there is an undeniable need to work towards the inclusion of this group in order to achieve the goals reflected in the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda.Introducción. Avanzar hacia la consecución de las metas establecidas en el OD4 de la Agenda 2030, solo será posible afianzando la colaboración y el diálogo intersectorial entre Universidad y Tercer Sector. En el presente estudio se analizan las principales líneas de colaboración entre estos actores en favor de la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad y se identifica, mediante un estudio de corte descriptivo, cuál es la percepción que actualmente tiene el tercer sector sobre el papel que están desarrollando las universidades públicas españolas como líderes sociales inclusivos. Método. La metodología cualitativa y el diseño no experimental caracterizan este estudio, a través del uso de una herramienta de información cuya fiabilidad y consistencia interna se advierte a través de un alfa de Cronbach de 0.875, obtenido en un estudio previo. La muestra del estudio la compone las plataformas representativas de personas con discapacidad es España: CERMI Estatal y CERMI Madrid. Resultados. Los resultados advierten que ambas plataformas consideran que las universidades no son acogedoras ni respetuosas con la diversidad. Discusión. Por ello, es innegable la necesidad la necesidad de trabajar en pro de la inclusión de este colectivo para poder alcanzar las metas reflejadas en los ODS de la Agenda 2030

Aprendizaje de una Lengua Extranjera en Educación Obligatoria: Experiencias de Estudiantes con Sordera e Hipoacusia

The Spanish educational system is characterized by an increased emphasis placed on language teaching, apart from the majority language and other co-official languages. Furthermore, the educational reality is distinguished by the existing diversity within the classroom, increasing the complexity of learning a second language. This study analyses the opinions, beliefs and attitudes of deaf and hard-of-hearing students at university regarding their teaching-learning process of the English language during compulsory education. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, having as main topics the importance of learning the English language, as well as the experiences reported about didactic aspects in which they were involved. The results highlighted the basic conditions that must be met when deaf and hard-of-hearing students are learning a foreign language, in order to guarantee quality education promoting academic success.Uno de los aspectos que caracteriza el sistema educativo español es la creciente importancia que se le otorga a la enseñanza de otros idiomas, aparte de la lengua mayoritaria y otras lenguas cooficiales. Por otro lado, la realidad educativa actual se singulariza por la diversidad existente en el aula, incrementando la complejidad que ya conlleva el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. El presente estudio analiza las opiniones, creencias y actitudes de estudiantes universitarios sordos y con hipoacusia en torno al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa durante las etapas de enseñanza obligatoria, a través de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad, en las que se abordaba la relevancia del aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa y las principales experiencias relatadas sobre los aspectos didácticos de los que fueron participes. Los resultados exhibieron las condiciones básicas que deben concurrir durante el aprendizaje de la lengua inglesa en el que se cuente con alumnado con pérdida auditiva, con el fin de ofrecer una educación de calidad que favorezca el éxito académico

Long-term survival in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after therapy with rituximab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A 50-year-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab, which produced a complete remission. Eight months after the last dose of rituximab he had visual disturbance, diminished muscular strength in the right arm and vesicular-papular lesions in the left ophthalmic branch region of the V cranial nerve. These were initially interpreted as herpes virus encephalopathy (HVE), but brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed evidence of demyelination consistent with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was negative for varicella zoster virus (VZV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) DNA. The clinical suggestion of PML prompted us to perform a brain biopsy and to start treatment with mefloquine. In the brain biopsy, histopathological features of demyelination were described and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified JCV, confirming the diagnosis of PML. Treatment with mefloquine (250 mg/week) and dexamethasone (4 mg/day) was started and maintained for 6 months. A year later there was an almost complete resolution of the MRI lesions and the patient achieved a stable clinical state with persisting motor impairment and severe epilepsy. The patient is alive 38 months after diagnosis of PML, which is the longest known survival to date.Supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PI12/1832), Plan Nacional of I + D + I co-financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). HG has a grant from Fundación BBVA - Fundación Carolina.S

Teachers’ Perception on the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the Regular Education Classroom in Ecuador

Nowadays, contradictory viewpoints are showed when defining disability. On the one hand, there are theoretical frameworks focused on the personal limitations, while, on the other hand, each time it is more extended those ones which highlight the restrictions on the social fabric. It becomes essential to integrate both frameworks considering disability as a social phenomenon besides the collective responsibility that demands further action by society as a whole.Currently, Ecuador is suffering an economic recession due to the drop in the price of oil and the appreciation of the dollar, together with the catastrophic effects of the earthquake recorded in 2016. Before 2014, Ecuador was experiencing economic growth resulting in major investment in social areas such as education, thus promoting educational and labour market inclusion of people with disabilities.This study shows the perspective of teachers in Ecuador towards students with disabilities before the development of a program of postgraduate studies for specializing them to cater for the special educational needs. Moreover, the aim is to assess abilities and barriers that teachers have to face up with regard to inclusion of disability in the regular classroom. The majority of teachers in Ecuador are unanimous in stating that academic career training on the issue of education inclusion and accessibility will entail a maximum support carrying out their teaching assignments as well as materials adapted to suit the students’ needs. Furthermore, a wide range of teachers were aware of the case of students with disabilities in the classroom. Besides, among the main problems, architectural barriers and the lack of inclusion were the most important for the participants.Taking all of this into consideration, it is perceived that teachers from Ecuador are not fully prepared for having students with disabilities. That is why a deeper training in special educational needs should be necessary

Viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the main etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized pediatric patients in Spain

[Objectives]: To describe the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized children in Spain and analyze the predictors of the etiology.[Hypothesis]: The different etiological groups of pediatric CAP are associated with different clinical, radiographic, and analytical data.[Design]: Observational, multicenter, and prospective study.[Patient selection]: This study included children aged 1 month to 17 years with CAP, who were hospitalized between April 2012 and May 2019.[Methods]: An extensive microbiological workup was performed. The clinical, radiographic, and analytical parameters were analyzed for three etiological groups.[Results]: Among the 495 children included, at least one causative pathogen was identified in 262 (52.9%): pathogenic viruses in 155/262 (59.2%); atypical bacteria (AB), mainly Mycoplasma pneumonia, in 84/262 (32.1%); and typical bacteria (TyB) in 40/262 (15.3%). Consolidation was observed in 89/138 (64.5%) patients with viral CAP, 74/84 (88.1%) with CAP caused by AB, and 40/40 (100%) with CAP caused by TyB. Para-pneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) was observed in 112/495 (22.6%) patients, of which 61/112 (54.5%) presented a likely causative pathogen: viruses in 12/61 (19.7%); AB in 23/61 (37.7%); and TyB in 26/61 (42.6%). Viral etiology was significantly frequent in young patients and in those with low oxygen saturation, wheezing, no consolidation, and high lymphocyte counts. CAP patients with AB as the etiological agent had a significantly longer and less serious course as compared to those with other causative pathogens.[Conclusions]: Viruses and M. pneumoniae are the main causes of pediatric CAP in Spain. Wheezing, young age, and no consolidation on radiographs are indicative of viral etiology. Viruses and AB can also cause PPE. Since only a few cases can be directly attributed to TyB, the indications for antibiotics must be carefully considered in each patient.Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Grant/Award Number: AY191212‐1; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) and co‐funded by the European Regional Development Funds, Grant/Award Number: Project PI17/01458; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Grant/Award Number: PCAPE 2011_0025 Register 320/11; Research Project of Universidad Europea de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: 2017/UEM03Peer reviewe

Formación de los tutores de las prácticas externas como herramienta eficaz en la mejora del aprendizaje del estudiante y su inserción laboral

El objetivo del proyecto es mejorar la calidad de la tutorización de las prácticas externas y fomentar las buenas prácticas que garanticen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Están implicados tutores académicos, externos, instituciones y estudiante

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Effects of Developmental Timing on Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Considerations for Education

Associations and families demand the need to raise awareness of the implications in the cognitive and behavioral development of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) that affect their learning and school participation. This study aims to generate a profile of executive and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD. A probabilistic sampling by clusters (associations for individuals with FASD) is applied. The sample is composed of 66 families from three associations. The BRIEF-2 and SENA tests were administered to assess executive and behavioral functioning domains. Data analysis found that the executive and behavioral functioning profile of individuals with FASD varies with age, with greater impairment in middle and late adolescence. Likewise, the domain of executive functioning most affected in any of the developmental stages is working memory. Finally, cognitive impairment in the executive functioning domains has a direct impact on the social and adaptive functioning of people with FASD