Situación actual del programa Chile crece contigo en la séptima región del Maule: descripción de las modalidades de atención, los equipos de trabajo y la caracterización del desarrollo psicomotor de los niños y niñas

92 p.Introducción: El desarrollo humano comienza desde la concepción y es fundamental su adecuada estimulación a lo largo de todo el ciclo vital (Oates, 2012). La implementación de programas para el desarrollo infantil temprano se ha instaurado en muchos países (Engle, 2007), y en Chile se encuentra el programa Chile Crece Contigo, donde participan actores sociales que, junto a diversos factores, influyen directa o indirectamente en el desarrollo de los niños. A partir de esto, nace la inquietud de conocer cuál es la situación actual de este programa en la región del Maule, las modalidades de atención, quiénes lo componen y la categorización del desarrollo psicomotor de los niños y niñas de nuestra región. Objetivo: Describir las características de los equipos y caracterización del desarrollo psicomotor de los niños y niñas en el programa Chile Crece Contigo en la VII región del Maule. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo del análisis de datos de las modalidades de atención, profesionales trabajando en ellas, número de niños atendidos y su categorización según EEDP de las planillas MADI y REM A03 de la región del Maule. Resultados: 90% de las salas en la región corresponde a SE y 10% a SI. 92% está a cargo de Educadoras de Párvulo. El kinesiólogo está presente en el 25% de las salas. 91% de los niños/as están en SE y 9% en SI. Respecto a su categorización, 90% del total de niños/as tiene un desarrollo psicomotor normal, 5% normal con rezago, 4% riesgo, y 1% retraso. Conclusión: En el programa Chile Crece Contigo existen dos modalidades de atención: las SE y SI. La cantidad de salas SI es escasa para la región, tomando en consideración el índice de ruralidad de ésta. Existe un bajo porcentaje de kinesiólogos que participan en salas del programa Chile Crece Contigo de la VII región del Maule. La realidad regional de los niños con alteración en el desarrollo psicomotor tiene un comportamiento similar a la de la realidad nacional. En el rango de 18 a 47 meses se encuentra el mayor porcentaje de niños con problemas en el desarrollo psicomotor.Palabras clave: Brain plasticity, neuronal plasticity, early child development, early child stimulation, Chile Crece Contig

Records of Olive Ridley Marine Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829) in Venezuelan Waters: A Review of Historical Data Sets and Threats

We assess all the records of olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in an exhaustive review of multiple data sources between 1977 and 2018 in Venezuela. We compiled 35 records of olive ridleys in the country. Our findings confirm the almost year-round presence of this species in Venezuelan waters

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Marine debris and marine turtles in the Venezuelan Guajira Peninsula: a new menace

[Extract] Marine megafauna is impacted by human-generated waste (Grant et al. 2012). Recent evaluations highlight the major threat posed by plastic pollution on the survival of charismatic megafauna, including penguins, aquatic mammals, seabirds, and marine turtles (González Carman et al. 2014; Wedemeyer-Strombel et al. 2015; Pham et al. 2017). Indeed, marine debris appears to affect all marine turtle species in all the habitats they use during their complex life cycle, including migratory routes, seasonal feeding grounds, and overwintering areas (Duncan et al. 2017, In press)

Exportacion de fundas artesanales a Canada

El comercio ha sido uno de los principales espectadores en la implementación y desarrollo de distintos modelos económicos alrededor del mundo, dando la importancia e influencia que tiene el comercio en la economía mundial

Chilean Gastric Cancer Task Force: a study protocol to obtain a clinical and molecular classification of a cohort of gastric cancer patients

Gastric cancer (GC) is the world’s second-leading cause of neoplastic mortality. Genetic alterations, response to treatments, and mortality rates are highly heterogeneous across different regions. Within Latin America, GC is the leading cause of cancer death in Chile, affecting 17.6 per 100,000 people and causing >3000 deaths/y. Clinical outcomes and response to “one size fits all” therapies are highly heterogeneous and thus a better stratification of patients may aid cancer treatment and response. The Gastric Cancer Task Force is a Chilean collaborative, noninterventional study that seeks to stratify gastric adenocarcinomas using clinical outcomes and genomic, epigenomic, and protein alterations in a cohort of 200 patients. Tumor samples from the Pathology Department and the Cancer Center at UC-Christus healthcare network, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile will be analyzed using a panel of 143 known cancer genes (Oncomine Comprehensive Assay) at the Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine in Santiago, Chile. In addition, promoter methylation for selected genes will be performed along with tissue microarray for clinically relevant proteins (e.g., PD-L1, Erb-2, VEGFR2, among others) and Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus status. Obtained data will be correlated to 120 clinical parameters retrieve from medical records, including general patient information, cancer history, laboratory studies, comorbidity index, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, efficacy, and follow-up. The development of a clinically meaningful classification that encompasses comprehensive clinical and molecular parameters may improve patient treatment, predict clinical outcomes, aid patient selection/stratification for clinical trials and may offer insights into future preventive and/or therapeutic strategies in patients from Latin America region. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03158571, Registered on May 18, 2017

High proportion of potential candidates for immunotherapy in a Chilean cohort of gastric cancer patients: results of the FORCE1 study

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease. This heterogeneity applies not only to morphological and phenotypic features but also to geographical variations in incidence and mortality rates. As Chile has one of the highest mortality rates within South America, we sought to define a molecular profile of Chilean GCs (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03158571/(FORCE1)). Solid tumor samples and clinical data were obtained from 224 patients, with subsets analyzed by tissue microarray (TMA; n = 90) and next generation sequencing (NGS; n = 101). Most demographic and clinical data were in line with previous reports. TMA data indicated that 60% of patients displayed potentially actionable alterations. Furthermore, 20.5% were categorized as having a high tumor mutational burden, and 13% possessed micro-satellite instability (MSI). Results also confirmed previous studies reporting high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity (13%) in Chilean-derived GC samples suggesting a high proportion of patients could benefit from immunotherapy. As expected, TP53 and PIK3CA were the most frequently altered genes. However, NGS demonstrated the presence of TP53, NRAS, and BRAF variants previously unreported in current GC databases. Finally, using the Kendall method, we report a significant correlation between EBV+ status and programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1)+ and an inverse correlation between p53 mutational status and MSI. Our results suggest that in this Chilean cohort, a high proportion of patients are potential candidates for immunotherapy treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in South America to assess the prevalence of actionable targets and to examine a molecular profile of GC patients

Lo local: ámbito de contención de la globalización “perversa”

Se escribe que el tiempo y el espacio han perdido su significado tradicional. Por eso Manuel Castells habla de nueva Era y Alain Touraine de ruptura. El Norte está cada vez más disperso y fragmentado y el Sur también. Podría decirse que ahora hay muchos Nortes y muchos Sures. Por eso hay visiones tan distin¬tas del intenso e imprevisible proceso iniciado hace apenas tres décadas. Nadie sabe hacia dónde nos va a conducir el proceso de cambio en esta nueva Era de la información y la comunicación. Existe un consenso básico en torno al final de un «viejo» orden mundial, pero ¿cómo definir el nuevo contexto? Las referencias son tan distintas como distantes: nuevo orden, nuevo desorden, nueva Edad Media, geopolítica de la complejidad, geopolítica de las fractu¬ras, geopolítica del caos, segunda modernidad, modernidad radi¬cal, modernidad líquida, posmodernidad... Las propias ciencias sociales participan de este grado notable de desconcierto. Desde comienzos de la década de 1980, los economistas empiezan a hacer uso de la palabra globalización, la que llega a ser cen¬tral en todas las Ciencias Sociales después de la caída del Muro de Berlín y la desaparición de la Unión Soviética. Aparecen propuestas de «final de los territorios» (Ber¬trand Badie), «ciudades mun¬diales» (Saskia Sassen), «lsociedad-red» (Manuel Castells), «economía de archipiélago» (Pierre Veltz) y los «no-lugares» (Marc Augé), entre muchas otras

Lo local: ámbito de contención de la globalización “perversa”

Se escribe que el tiempo y el espacio han perdido su significado tradicional. Por eso Manuel Castells habla de nueva Era y Alain Touraine de ruptura. El Norte está cada vez más disperso y fragmentado y el Sur también. Podría decirse que ahora hay muchos Nortes y muchos Sures. Por eso hay visiones tan distin¬tas del intenso e imprevisible proceso iniciado hace apenas tres décadas. Nadie sabe hacia dónde nos va a conducir el proceso de cambio en esta nueva Era de la información y la comunicación. Existe un consenso básico en torno al final de un «viejo» orden mundial, pero ¿cómo definir el nuevo contexto? Las referencias son tan distintas como distantes: nuevo orden, nuevo desorden, nueva Edad Media, geopolítica de la complejidad, geopolítica de las fractu¬ras, geopolítica del caos, segunda modernidad, modernidad radi¬cal, modernidad líquida, posmodernidad... Las propias ciencias sociales participan de este grado notable de desconcierto. Desde comienzos de la década de 1980, los economistas empiezan a hacer uso de la palabra globalización, la que llega a ser cen¬tral en todas las Ciencias Sociales después de la caída del Muro de Berlín y la desaparición de la Unión Soviética. Aparecen propuestas de «final de los territorios» (Ber¬trand Badie), «ciudades mun¬diales» (Saskia Sassen), «lsociedad-red» (Manuel Castells), «economía de archipiélago» (Pierre Veltz) y los «no-lugares» (Marc Augé), entre muchas otras