1966-1968. Arte de Vanguardia en Rosario

El año 1984 es fundante para el arte de Rosario. Uno de los hechos que marcan la importancia de este momento es la realización de la primera muestra que recupera la experiencia de la vanguardia rosarina de la década del sesenta: “1966-1968. Arte de vanguardia en Rosario”. Esta excepcional exhibición es organizada por un colectivo de artistas que se conforma ese mismo año alrededor de un proyecto de agremiación cuyo horizonte principal era incidir sobre las políticas culturales de la ciudad (Cfr. Romina Garrido. Entrevista a Gabriel González Suárez). El puntapié inicial lo dan a comienzos de diciembre de 1983 cuando convocan a sus pares al primer encuentro: “un grupo de plásticos interesados en discutir y resolver los numerosos problemas con los que nos encontramos como trabajadores del arte, nos reunimos llamando a participar a todo el sector.”(Carta-convocatoria dirigida “a todos los trabajadores de las artes visuales” para participar en la Asociación APA). Este primer paso deriva en una asamblea realizada el diez de marzo de 1984 en la que se somete a votación el “concepto de gremio”, dando origen a la Asociación Civil APA (Artistas Plásticos Asociados). Dicho acuerdo colectivo se sella el veintidós de junio de 1984, fecha en la que se funda la entidad cuya Comisión Directiva queda conformada de la siguiente manera: Gabriel González Suárez (Presidente), Carlos Cantore (Vicepresidente), Daniel García (Secretario), Ricardo Pereyra (Prosecretario y Tesorero), Sergio Mazzini (Protesorero), Graciela Sacco y Silvia Chirife (Vocales), Claudia del Río, Miguel Mazzocato y Malva Leale (Vocales suplentes), Patricia Espinoza (Síndica titular), Rubén Baldemar (Síndico suplente).Garrido, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes; Argentina

Development and application of methodologies and infrastructures for cancer genome analysis within Personalized Medicine

[eng] Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized biomedical sciences, especially in the area of cancer. It has nourished genomic research with extensive collections of sequenced genomes that are investigated to untangle the molecular bases of disease, as well as to identify potential targets for the design of new treatments. To exploit all this information, several initiatives have emerged worldwide, among which the Pan-Cancer project of the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) stands out. This project has jointly analyzed thousands of tumor genomes of different cancer types in order to elucidate the molecular bases of the origin and progression of cancer. To accomplish this task, new emerging technologies, including virtualization systems such as virtual machines or software containers, were used and had to be adapted to various computing centers. The portability of this system to the supercomputing infrastructure of the BSC (Barcelona Supercomputing Center) has been carried out during the first phase of the thesis. In parallel, other projects promote the application of genomics discoveries into the clinics. This is the case of MedPerCan, a national initiative to design a pilot project for the implementation of personalized medicine in oncology in Catalonia. In this context, we have centered our efforts on the methodological side, focusing on the detection and characterization of somatic variants in tumors. This step is a challenging action, due to the heterogeneity of the different methods, and an essential part, as it lays at the basis of all downstream analyses. On top of the methodological section of the thesis, we got into the biological interpretation of the results to study the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a close collaboration with the group of Dr. Elías Campo from the Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS. In the first study, we have focused on the Richter transformation (RT), a transformation of CLL into a high-grade lymphoma that leads to a very poor prognosis and with unmet clinical needs. We found that RT has greater genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic complexity than CLL. Its genome may reflect the imprint of therapies that the patients received prior to RT, indicating the presence of cells exposed to these mutagenic treatments which later expand giving rise to the clinical manifestation of the disease. Multiple NGS- based techniques, including whole-genome sequencing and single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing, among others, confirmed the pre-existence of cells with the RT characteristics years before their manifestation, up to the time of CLL diagnosis. The transcriptomic profile of RT is remarkably different from that of CLL. Of particular importance is the overexpression of the OXPHOS pathway, which could be used as a therapeutic vulnerability. Finally, in a second study, the analysis of a case of CLL in a young adult, based on whole genome and single-cell sequencing at different times of the disease, revealed that the founder clone of CLL did not present any somatic driver mutations and was characterized by germline variants in ATM, suggesting its role in the origin of the disease, and highlighting the possible contribution of germline variants or other non-genetic mechanisms in the initiation of CLL

Development and application of methodologies and infrastructures for cancer genome analysis within Personalized Medicine

Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicina / Tesi realitzada al Barcelona Supercomputing Cener (BSC)[eng] Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized biomedical sciences, especially in the area of cancer. It has nourished genomic research with extensive collections of sequenced genomes that are investigated to untangle the molecular bases of disease, as well as to identify potential targets for the design of new treatments. To exploit all this information, several initiatives have emerged worldwide, among which the Pan-Cancer project of the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium) stands out. This project has jointly analyzed thousands of tumor genomes of different cancer types in order to elucidate the molecular bases of the origin and progression of cancer. To accomplish this task, new emerging technologies, including virtualization systems such as virtual machines or software containers, were used and had to be adapted to various computing centers. The portability of this system to the supercomputing infrastructure of the BSC (Barcelona Supercomputing Center) has been carried out during the first phase of the thesis. In parallel, other projects promote the application of genomics discoveries into the clinics. This is the case of MedPerCan, a national initiative to design a pilot project for the implementation of personalized medicine in oncology in Catalonia. In this context, we have centered our efforts on the methodological side, focusing on the detection and characterization of somatic variants in tumors. This step is a challenging action, due to the heterogeneity of the different methods, and an essential part, as it lays at the basis of all downstream analyses. On top of the methodological section of the thesis, we got into the biological interpretation of the results to study the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in a close collaboration with the group of Dr. Elías Campo from the Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS. In the first study, we have focused on the Richter transformation (RT), a transformation of CLL into a high-grade lymphoma that leads to a very poor prognosis and with unmet clinical needs. We found that RT has greater genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic complexity than CLL. Its genome may reflect the imprint of therapies that the patients received prior to RT, indicating the presence of cells exposed to these mutagenic treatments which later expand giving rise to the clinical manifestation of the disease. Multiple NGS- based techniques, including whole-genome sequencing and single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing, among others, confirmed the pre-existence of cells with the RT characteristics years before their manifestation, up to the time of CLL diagnosis. The transcriptomic profile of RT is remarkably different from that of CLL. Of particular importance is the overexpression of the OXPHOS pathway, which could be used as a therapeutic vulnerability. Finally, in a second study, the analysis of a case of CLL in a young adult, based on whole genome and single-cell sequencing at different times of the disease, revealed that the founder clone of CLL did not present any somatic driver mutations and was characterized by germline variants in ATM, suggesting its role in the origin of the disease, and highlighting the possible contribution of germline variants or other non-genetic mechanisms in the initiation of CLL

Biblioteca universitaria: un agente de vinculación con el medio a través de los clubes de lectura

Between years 2018 and 2019, the Library of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Santiago of Chile, managed a reading club in order to create a space, which turned out to be the only one on the university campus, to contribute to understanding reading, literary discussion, critical thinking and enjoyment of reading. Faced with the great call gathered by the community, it was proposed to take the successful experience outside the university sphere, specifically to the Liceo n. °4 Isaura Dinator de Guzmán, next to the university, through a fund of community engagement. With the aim of encouraging reading of leisure and recreation in secondary students in new literary formats and generating a meeting space between various actors tied to reading. The result of both successful experiences demonstrates that academic libraries must carry out initiatives to promote reading, such as reading clubs. And, that university libraries are potentially agents in the creation and support of activities that allow the relation between the university and its community

Increases in norepinephrine release and ovarian cyst formation during ageing in the rat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Depletion of ovarian follicles is associated with the end of reproductive function in ageing females. Recently, it has been described that this process parallels increases in the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the rat ovary. In sexually mature rats, experimentally-induced increases in the sympathetic tone of the ovary is causally related to ovarian cyst formation and deranged follicular development. Thus, there is a possibility that increased ovarian NE concentrations represent changes in the activity of sympathetic nerves, which consequently participate in the process of ovarian cyst formation observed during ageing in the human and experimental animal models.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sprague-Dawley rats between 6 and 14 months old were used to analyse the capacity of the ovary to release ³H-NE recently incorporated under transmural depolarisation in relation to changes in the ovarian follicular population. Morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles and real time PCR for Bcl2 and Bax mRNA were used to assess follicular atresia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From 8 months old, the induced release of recently incorporated ³H-norepinephrine (³H-NE) from the ovary and ovarian NE concentrations increased, reaching their peak values at 12 months old and remained elevated up to 14 months old. Increases in sympathetic nerve activity paralleled changes in the follicular population, as well as disappearance of the corpus luteum. In contrast, luteinised follicles, precystic follicles, and cystic follicles increased. During this period, the relationship between Bax and Bcl2 mRNAs (the proapoptotic/antiapoptotic signals) increased, suggesting atresia as the principal mechanism contributing to the decreased follicular population. When NE tone was increased, the mRNA ratio favoured Bcl2 to Bax and antiapoptotic signals dominated this period of development. Thus, these changing ratios could be responsible for the increase in luteinised follicles, as well as precystic and cystic follicles.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that the ageing process in the ovary of the Sprague-Dawley rat is accompanied by an increased sympathetic tone of the ovary. Consequently, this sympathetic change could be related to a neuroendocrine-driven formation of a polycystic condition similar to that observed in the sympathetic-activated adult ovary.</p

Assessment of microplastic pollution in river ecosystems: effect of land use and biotic indices

The proximity of freshwater ecosystems to anthropogenic activities makes them one of the most threatened environments by plastic pollution in the form of microplastics (MPs). Therefore, it is crucial to identify the primary drivers of MP dynamics in rivers to enhance their management. This work analyzed the concentration of MPs in water and sediments and evaluated the influence of land use and its relationship with the main biotic indices employed to assess the water quality of rivers. This research was carried out in four different catchments, with three sampling points established in each river basin. The results revealed that MPs were ubiquitous across all locations, with concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 35.22 items m−3 in waters and from 26 to 643 items Kg−1 in sediments. The highest concentration of MPs both in water and sediments were found in the Lagares River (35.22 items m−3 and 643 items Kg−1), while the lowest concentrations were found in the Miñor River for water (0.10 items m−3) and Tea River for sediments (138 items Kg−1). Urbanization degree was identified as the primary driver of MP pollution in water, whereas population density correlated with sediment pollution levels. These findings explain the elevated MPs abundance in the more urbanized and populated Gafos and Lagares rivers compared to the relatively pristine Miñor and Tea rivers. Furthermore, the presence of MPs in sediments was found to negatively impact the most sensitive benthic macroinvertebrate taxa, as evidenced by lower values of the IASPT and EPT indices at sampling points with higher sediment MPs concentrations (Gafos and Lagares).Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TED2021-131278B-C2

Microplásticos en agua, sedimentos y macroinvertebrados en un pequeño río del noroeste de España

Microplastics (MPs; plastic particles < 5 mm in size) are very common nowadays and ubiquitous in the environment and can cause harm to aquatic organisms. Around 300 million metric tonnes of plastic are manufactured each year and they are regularly mismanaged. Therefore, MPs are frequently found in the environment. Anthropogenic activity in urban areas is considered one of the major sources of MPs. In view of this, we hypothesized, that MPs are present in all areas of rivers, even in riverheads. We analyzed macroinvertebrates in an urban river for MPs and discuss their potential environmental impact. We collected water samples from the centre of the river and filtered the water. Additionally, we collected sediment samples from the the bottom (S1 and S2, both samples collected specifically for sediments analysis) and from the benthic sediment (S3, sample collected for macroinvertebrates identification) from which macroinvertebrates were sampled for MP analysis and for taxonomic identification in order to estimate the water quality of the river, following the protocol for calculating the IBMWP (MAGRAMA, 2011). Sampling took place in the Gafos River (NW Spain) during summer 2020 at three different sampling sites at the head of the river called upstream (G1), in the middle part of the river and upstream of a town (G2) and in the downstream area before the river mouth in the Atlantic Ocean (G3). Different microplastic fibres and particles were found in all water samples (G1, G2 and G3) and in some of the sediment samples. Analysis of the different types of microplastics was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (ATR- FTIR). The majority of microplastics in water, sediment and biota consisted of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the abundances of MPs were very similar. We found more MP particles in biota and water (35 pieces in each compartment) than in sediments (28). Microplastics were found in the cases of Trichoptera families like Lepidostomatidae and Limnephilidae, and inside the body of some Odonata families such as Gomphidae. This confirms the presence of MPs in aquatic organisms and in habitats of an urban river in Spain. Since MPs have been found in freshwater habitats globally, future studies should analyse which macroinvertebrates could be used as MP bioindicators.Los microplásticos (partículas de plástico de tamaño < 5 mm, MPs) son muy comunes hoy en día y omnipresentes en el medio ambiente y pueden causar daños a los organismos acuáticos. Como cada año se fabrican unos 300 millones de toneladas métricas de plásticos y se gestionan mal, los MPs también son muy frecuentes. Nuestra hipótesis es que, debido a la alta densidad de actividad antrópica en las zonas urbanas, el medio ambiente urbano se considera como una de las principales fuentes de microplásticos (MP), estas partículas podrían ser fácilmente transferidas a las zonas ribereñas a lo largo del río y a través de las redes alimentarias del hábitat a los organismos acuáticos. Por esta razón, se planteó la hipótesis de que los microplásticos podrían estar presentes en todas las zonas de los ríos, incluso en las cabeceras. Definimos un estudio para encontrar MPs en macroinvertebrados en un río urbano y conocer su posible impacto y evaluar la presencia en la comunidad acuática. Organizamos un muestreo en la parte central del cauce del río para recoger y filtrar agua, recoger sedimentos de la orilla superficial del río y muestrear el bentos para recoger sedimentos y macroinvertebrados siguiendo el protocolo de cálculo de IBMWP (MAGRAMA, 2011) en el río Gafos (NO de España) durante el verano de 2020 en tres puntos de muestreo diferentes: en la cabecera del río llamada aguas arriba (G1), en la parte media del río y aguas arriba de una ciudad (G2) y en la zona aguas abajo antes de la desembocadura del río en el Océano Atlántico (G3). Se encontraron diferentes fibras y partículas microplásticas en todas las muestras de agua (G1, G2 y G3) y en algunas de las muestras de sedimentos. El análisis de los distintos tipos de microplásticos se llevó a cabo mediante espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR-ATR). La mayoría de los microplásticos encontrados en el agua, los sedimentos y la biota eran policloruro de vinilo (PVC) y tereftalato de polietileno (PET) y la cantidad de MPs era muy similar. Encontramos más partículas de MPs en la biota y el agua (35 unidades en cada compartimento) que en los sedimentos (28). Se encontraron microplásticos en los estuches de familias de Trichoptera como Lepidostomatidae y Limnephilidae, y en el interior del cuerpo de algunas familias de Odonata como Gomphidae. Esto confirma la presencia de MPs en los organismo acuáticos y en los hábitats en un río urbano, sin embargo hay otros macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de MPs que deben ser investigados más a fondo en diferentes ecosistemas de agua dulce en todo el mundo

Peaceful Mind

Peaceful Mind, el proyecto desarrollado en el presente documento, surgió a raíz de la coyuntura actual y la nueva realidad generada a nivel mundial por la pandemia del COVID-19. Cinco meses después de iniciado el estado de emergencia sanitaria en el Perú se pudo identificar que, debido a las medidas de contingencia tomadas, especialmente el aislamiento social obligatorio, muchos familiares y amigos tuvieron que dejar de lado sus tratamientos psicológicos, perjudicando su proceso de mejora de salud mental, un problema que aqueja a muchos países del mundo y no se otorga la importancia debida. Al respecto, la Cruz Roja indicó que “el coronavirus agravó enfermedades mentales ya existentes, mientras que surgieron otras nuevas, lo que limitó aún más el acceso a servicios médicos especializados ante las restricciones económicas por las medidas de cuarentena adoptadas para contener la pandemia”. Frente a ello, nace la idea de crear una plataforma virtual que permita a los usuarios continuar con su tratamiento psicológico, recibiendo orientación psicológica personalizada y terapias alternativas de forma rápida y segura. Con el objetivo de desarrollar el proyecto se llevaron a cabo diversos experimentos que permitieron identificar la aceptación de la idea de negocio. Además, se realizó el planeamiento de los siguientes procesos: operativo, marketing, recursos humanos, responsabilidad social y planeamiento financiero. Los análisis cuantitativos indican que se necesita una inversión de S/ 90,245.98 para dar inicio al proyecto, el cual recuperará su inversión inicial en un periodo de tres años y obtendrá un Valor Actual Neto de S/ 123,469.37.Peaceful Mind, the project developed in this document, came from the current juncture and new reality caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Five months into the declared global health emergency and mandatory social isolation, we found out many of our friends and relatives had to halt or put aside their psychological appointments and treatments, impairing the advancements or improvement of their mental health. This is a common issue in many countries that are often avoided or underestimated. In this regard, the Red Cross stated that the “Coronavirus worsen the existent mental health illnesses, while new ones emerged, which limited, even more, the access to specialized medical services before the quarantine economical restrictions enforced to containing the pandemic”. Thus was born the idea of creating a virtual platform that allows its users to continue with their psychological treatments, receive personalized psychological orientation, and practice alternative therapies in a fast and safe manner. In order to develop this project, many experiments were carried out to identify the feasibility and acceptance level of this business idea. Additionally, the planning of the following processes was carried out: operational, marketing, human resources, social responsibility, and financial planning. The quantitative analyzes show that an initial investment of S/. 90,245.98 is required to start this project with a VPN of S/123,469.37 and a payback period of three yearsTrabajo de investigació

Línea de base socio-ambiental del Monumento Natural Bosque Petrificado de Valcheta

Fil: Vejsbjerg, Laila. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Garrido, Alberto C. Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Prof. Dr. Juan A. Olsacher", Dirección Provincial de Minería de la Provincia del Neuquén. Neuquén, Argentina.Fil: Iglesias, Ari. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. INIBIOMA. CONICET. Argentina.Fil: Ochoa, Juan. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Passalia, Mauro G. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. INIBIOMA. CONICET. Argentina.Fil: Ochoa, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Catrin, Laura G. Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: D’ambrosio, Guillermo. Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Chazarreta, Mariana I. Municipalidad de Valcheta. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Rial, Romina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Provincia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Potschka, Sol M. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Economia, Administración, Turismo y Hoteleria. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Martinez Baron, Natalia N. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Economia, Administración, Turismo y Hoteleria. Río Negro, Argentina.Especialidad TURISMOLínea de base socio-ambiental con análisis preliminar de los umbrales ambientales de las actividades turístico-recreativas, para el plan de manejo del Monumento Natural Bosque Petrificado de Valcheta, provincia de Río Negro. El área de estudio es una unidad de conservación perteneciente al Sistema Provincial de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Como metodología, se realizaron salidas de campo con especialistas en geología, paleobotánica, flora-fauna y usos tradicionales para el relevamiento e inventario georreferenciado de las paradas interpretativas e instalaciones actuales del área e identificación de geositios actuales y potenciales que pudieran surgir (perfiles litoestratigráficos, leños fósiles y sectores con comunidades/especies de flora representativos y con valor cultural asociado). Para el análisis de los umbrales ambientales, se aplicaron de manera combinada las metodologías LAC (Límites de cambio aceptable) y VERP (Proceso de protección de la experiencia de los visitantes y de los recursos)

Parásitos zoonóticos de interés en salud pública en <i>Mytilus edulis platensis</i> de la costa del golfo San Jorge, Patagonia argentina

En las costas patagónicas, habita un grupo de bivalvos -mitílidos- Mytilus edulis platensis, que reciben el nombre de “mejillones azules”. Estos actúan como bioindicadores, útiles para monitorear contaminantes del medio acuático, ya que son filtradores y sésiles. Estos mejillones son utilizados para alimentación. El objetivo fue estudiar la presencia y frecuencia de aparición de parásitos zoonóticos en moluscos bivalvos (Mytilus edulis platensis) en la costa del Golfo San Jorge (Patagonia Argentina) entre los años 2015 y 2018. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la restinga de dos barrios de Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut, Argentina): Caleta Córdova y Stella Maris; y en la playa Punta Maqueda (Santa Cruz, Argentina), alejada de la actividad antrópica. Recolectamos 614 mejillones, en forma de pools, se procesaron por método parasitológico y hallamos en Barrio Caleta Córdova Giardia spp (30%), Cryptosporidium spp (4%), furcocercarias de trematodes, y huevos de trematodes morfológicamente compatibles con Mesostephanus spp (40%); en Barrio Stella Maris se encontraron Giardia spp (30%) y Cryptosporidium spp (7%). En Punta Maqueda no se hallaron parásitos. Se confirmó por inmunofluorescencia directa la presencia de Giardia spp y Cryptosporidium spp en el Barrio Caleta Córdova, en Barrio Stella Maris solo de Giardia spp. Este ha sido el primer reporte de Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp y Mesostephanus spp en M. edulis platensis en Argentina. La dinámica de transmisión de Mesostephanus spp en la región es desconocida. La infectividad de estos parásitos frente a las temperaturas de cocción es incierta. En nuestro país, el Código Alimentario Argentino no regula la presencia de parásitos en moluscos bivalvos. Es necesario implementar diagnóstico estandarizado de parásitos en mejillones, en la rutina microbiológica de este alimento, a los fines de garantizar la inocuidad y seguridad alimentaria del mismo y prevenir así las enfermedades parasitarias transmitidas por alimentos en los consumidores.Centro Universitario de Estudios Microbiológicos y Parasitológico