Self interest and justice principle

We introduce non-enforceable property rights over bargaining surplus in a dictator game with production, in which the effort of the agents is differentially rewarded. Using experimental data we elicit individual preferences over the egalitarian, the accountability and the libertarian principle and provide evidence to support the inability of these justice principles to account for the observed behavior. Although this finding is consistent with the idea of individuals interpreting justice principles differently, we show that dictators behave self-interested concerning redistribution and choose which justice principle best maximizes their own payoff. We interpret this result as the justice norm imposing a constraint on otherwise self-maximizing agents.dictator game, justice principles, self-interest, self-serving bias.

Modificaciones estructurales en el óxido de silicio térmico inducidas por los procesos tecnológicos en microelectrónica: aplicación de la espectroscopía infrarroja

A lo largo de este trabajo se han estudiado la estructura y propiedades del SiO(2) y de su interficie con el silicio. La estructura del sistema depende de la tecnología empleada en el crecimiento del óxido y de los tratamientos anteriores y posteriores al proceso de oxidación. Se ha realizado un análisis comparativo entre los óxidos crecidos en horno convencional y RTO. Se ha estudiado el influjo de los tratamientos térmicos de recocido. Se ha analizado la influencia de las limpiezas de la superficie del silicio anteriores al proceso de oxidación. Por ejemplo, un análisis comparativo del estado de la superficie del silicio después de un tratamiento de la superficie con limpiezas RCA con etapa final de HF diluido en agua y HF diluido en etanol. Los análisis confluyen en la presencia de una capa de óxido nativo de mayor espesor en el primer caso. La microscopia de fuerzas atómicas revela mayor rugosidad de la superficie tratada con HF diluido en agua. Se ha verificado que la ley de evolución del estrés en el óxido con respecto al tiempo de recocido sigue una ley exponencial con un tiempo de relajación característico. Se han estudiado los efectos de degradación y dañado de capas gruesas de óxido de silicio amorfo irradiadas con AR. Se han crecido capas de óxido y después se ha procedido a su implantación con dosis de iones de argón con energías entre 130 Y 150 KeV. Se ha estudiado también la recuperación de las estructuras después de un proceso de recocido. Son muchas las técnicas de análisis que se han utilizado: XPS, TEM, SEM, AFM, elipsometría, medidas eléctricas, etc. Sin embargo, nuestro trabajo ha estado en gran parte dedicado al desarrollo y aplicación de nuevas técnicas experimentales y técnicas de manipulación y de análisis relacionadas con la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier, para la cual se han desarrollado programas de simulación y de obtención de la función dieléctrica de las capas

Modificaciones estructurales en el óxido de silicio térmico inducidas por los procesos tecnológicos en microelectrónica: aplicación de la espectroscopía infrarroja

[spa] A lo largo de este trabajo se han estudiado la estructura y propiedades del SiO(2) y de su interficie con el silicio. La estructura del sistema depende de la tecnología empleada en el crecimiento del óxido y de los tratamientos anteriores y posteriores al proceso de oxidación. Se ha realizado un análisis comparativo entre los óxidos crecidos en horno convencional y RTO. Se ha estudiado el influjo de los tratamientos térmicos de recocido. Se ha analizado la influencia de las limpiezas de la superficie del silicio anteriores al proceso de oxidación. Por ejemplo, un análisis comparativo del estado de la superficie del silicio después de un tratamiento de la superficie con limpiezas RCA con etapa final de HF diluido en agua y HF diluido en etanol. Los análisis confluyen en la presencia de una capa de óxido nativo de mayor espesor en el primer caso. La microscopia de fuerzas atómicas revela mayor rugosidad de la superficie tratada con HF diluido en agua. Se ha verificado que la ley de evolución del estrés en el óxido con respecto al tiempo de recocido sigue una ley exponencial con un tiempo de relajación característico. Se han estudiado los efectos de degradación y dañado de capas gruesas de óxido de silicio amorfo irradiadas con AR. Se han crecido capas de óxido y después se ha procedido a su implantación con dosis de iones de argón con energías entre 130 Y 150 KeV. Se ha estudiado también la recuperación de las estructuras después de un proceso de recocido. Son muchas las técnicas de análisis que se han utilizado: XPS, TEM, SEM, AFM, elipsometría, medidas eléctricas, etc. Sin embargo, nuestro trabajo ha estado en gran parte dedicado al desarrollo y aplicación de nuevas técnicas experimentales y técnicas de manipulación y de análisis relacionadas con la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier, para la cual se han desarrollado programas de simulación y de obtención de la función dieléctrica de las capas

Evaluating the Water Footprint of the Mediterranean and American Diets

Global food demand is increasing rapidly as a result of multiple drivers including population growth, dietary shifts and economic development. Meeting the rising global food demand will require expanding agricultural production and promoting healthier and more sustainable diets. The goal of this paper is to assess and compare the water footprint (WF) of two recommended diets (Mediterranean and American), and evaluate the water savings of possible dietary shifts in two countries: Spain and the United States (US). Our results show that the American diet has a 29% higher WF in comparison with the Mediterranean, regardless of products? origin. In the US, a shift to a Mediterranean diet would decrease the WF by 1629 L/person/day. Meanwhile, a shift towards an American diet in Spain will increase the WF by 1504 L/person/day. The largest share of the WF of both diets is always linked to green water (62%?75%). Grey water in the US is 67% higher in comparison with Spain. Only five products account for 36%?46% of the total WF of the two dietary options in both countries, being meat, oil and dairy products the food items with the largest WFs. Our study demonstrates that adopting diets based on a greater consumption of vegetables, fruits and fish, like the Mediterranean one, leads to major water savings

Effect of breeding system and farm hygiene on performances of growing rabbits and lactating does over two reproductive cycles

[EN] The aim of this paper was to study the effect of the intensive breeding system (IBS: insemination 4 d postpartum and weaning age at 25 d) vs. the semi-intensive breeding system (SIBS: insemination 11 d post-partum and weaning age at 35 d) on lactating does' performance and the combined effect of the type of farm hygiene (cleaned and disinfected or not) on the performance of growing rabbits from weaning until 56 d of age. A total of 58 New Zealand x Californian rabbit does (29/reproductive rhythm) and 168 young rabbits per combination weaning age x type of farm were selected at random over two consecutive reproductive cycles. Mortality during lactation presented higher values (P=0.067) in young rabbits weaned at 35 d than in those weaned at 25 (19.1 vs. 9.60%). In the first cycle, the number of kits weaned per litter was similar for both reproductive rhythms (7.89 and 8.01 for IBS and SIBS, respectively), whereas in the second cycle, the number of rabbits weaned was lower in rabbit does that weaned their litters later (6.90 vs. 9.06; P=0.049). Weight at parturition and at weaning, fertility, parturition interval, numerical productivity and the number of young rabbits born dead and weaned were not affected by treatments. The fattening mortality was higher in the second cycle than in the first (20.2 vs. 14.5 %, P=0.051), in the farm without cleaning and disinfection between cycles (20.0 vs. 14.2%, P=0.032) and in the animals weaned at 35 d than at 25 d (20.0 vs. 14.7 %, P=0.063). Animals weaned at 25 and 35 d of age both had a peak of mortality around two weeks after weaning. The average weight of rabbits at 56 d was not significantly different between the animals weaned at 25 or 35 d (1805 vs. 1787 g, respectively; P=0.64). However, the feed efficiency in the whole fattening period was higher in young rabbits weaned at 25 d than in those weaned at 35 d (0.392 vs. 0.298 g/g; P<0.001).Garrido, S.; Nicodemus, N.; García, J.; Chamorro, S.; Blas, JD. (2009). Effect of breeding system and farm hygiene on performances of growing rabbits and lactating does over two reproductive cycles. World Rabbit Science. 17(2):71-78. doi:10.4995/wrs.2009.660717817

Effective current-driven memory operations for low-power ReRAM applications

© 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Al document ha d’aparèixer l’enllaç a la publicació original a IEEE, o bé al Digital Object Identifier (DOI).Resistive switching (RS) devices are electronic components which exhibit a resistive state that can be adjusted to different nonvolatile levels via electrical stressing, fueling the development of future resistive memories (ReRAM) and enabling innovative solutions for several applications. Most works so far have used voltage-based driving schemes for both WRITE and READ operations. However, results from current-driven WRITE operations have shown high uniformity in switching performance, and thus constitute a valid alternative to consider, but current-driven READ operations have rarely been explored. In this context, here we tested a current-based READ/WRITE memory driving scheme on commercial self-directed channel (SDC) devices, while operating constantly at low current levels between tenths of nA and 1.5 uA. We propose a novel method to carry out efficient READ operations exploiting the transient response of the voltage on the current-driven ReRAM memory cells. For READ operations performed at 100 nA, we calculated the cumulative probability distribution of the standard deviation of the measured voltage ( σV ) on the devices and we observed a ratio σV−HRS/σV−LRS∼10× . Moreover, the HRS and LRS states were distinguishable in all the tested devices with less than 0.5% error. Finally, the calculated energy consumption ( ESET≈10 nJ, ERESET≈30 nJ, and EREAD between 80–400 pJ) was competitive even when the duration of the READ/WRITE current pulses was suboptimal in the millisecond range. Therefore, the presented results validate the promising characteristics and the power-efficiency of the proposed READ method for current-driven ReRAM circuits and applications.This work was supported in part by the Chilean Government through the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) under Grant 1221747; in part by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID)-Basal under Grant FB0008; in part by the MICINN, Spain, through PRITES Project under Grant PID2019-105658RB-I00; and in part by FLEXRRAM Project under Grant TED2021-129643B-I00.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Thickness-dependent optimization of Er3+ light emission from silicon-rich silicon oxide thin films

This study investigates the influence of the film thickness on the silicon-excess-mediated sensitization of Erbium ions in Si-rich silica. The Er3+ photoluminescence at 1.5 μm, normalized to the film thickness, was found five times larger for films 1 μm-thick than that from 50-nm-thick films intended for electrically driven devices. The origin of this difference is shared by changes in the local density of optical states and depth-dependent interferences, and by limited formation of Si-based sensitizers in "thin" films, probably because of the prevailing high stress. More Si excess has significantly increased the emission from "thin" films, up to ten times. This paves the way to the realization of highly efficient electrically excited devices

Student-oriented planning of e-learning contents for Moodle

We present a way to automatically plan student-oriented learning contents in Moodle. Rather than offering the same contents for all students, we provide personalized contents according to the students' background and learning objectives. Although curriculum personalization can be faced in several ways, we focus on artificial intelligence (AI) planning as a very useful formalism for mapping actions, i.e. learning contents, in terms of preconditions (precedence relationships) and causal effects to find plans, i.e. learning paths that best fit the needs of each student. A key feature is that the learning path is generated and shown in Moodle in a seamless way for both the teacher and student, respectively. We also include some experimental results to demonstrate the scalability and viability of our approach. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedThis paper is co-funded with support from the European Commission, the European Social Fund and the Regione Calabria. The paper was also partially funded by the Consolider AT project CSD2007-0022 INGENIO 2010 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the MICINN project TIN2011-27652-C03-01 and the Valencian Prometeo project II/2013/019.Caputi, V.; Garrido Tejero, A. (2015). Student-oriented planning of e-learning contents for Moodle. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 53:115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.04.001S1151275

Pelli Tower in Sevilla: a new concept in the building architecture

Congreso celebrado en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla desde el 24 hasta el 26 de junio de 2015.Pelli Tower is being built in the City of Sevilla. A new concept of building Architecture is born. Singularities are being described in the article: structural typology, materials, loads considered in the calculations (seism and wind tunnel Test), and construction methods used in the execution. A list of the main quantities used in the Pelli Tower is included to emphasize the importance of the execution