S Equilibrium: A Synthesis of (Behavioral) Game Theory

$S$ equilibrium synthesizes a century of game-theoretic modeling. $S$-beliefs determine choices as in the refinement literature and level-$k$, without anchoring on Nash equilibrium or imposing ad hoc belief formation. $S$-choices allow for mistakes as in QRE, without imposing rational expectations. $S$ equilibrium is explicitly set-valued to avoid the common practice of selecting the best prediction from an implicitly defined set of unknown, and unaccounted for, size. $S$-equilibrium sets vary with a complexity parameter, offering a trade-off between accuracy and precision unlike in $M$ equilibrium. Simple "areametrics" determine the model's parameter and show that choice sets with a relative size of 5 percent capture 58 percent percent of the data. Goodness-of-fit tests applied to data from a broad array of experimental games confirm $S$ equilibrium's ability to predict behavior in and out of sample. In contrast, choice (belief) predictions of level-$k$ and QRE are rejected in most (all) games

Health and Safety in 3D Printing

Nowadays, it is possible to find 3D printers everywhere, at homes, schools, work offices, etcetera. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that is increasingly gaining popularity, and it can create functional parts with a wide variety of shapes and sizes. But on the other hand, there are health risks associated with 3D printers, like nanoparticles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are important to know to improve health and safety and avoid diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among others. This chapter analyses techniques for sampling the nanoparticles and VOCs exposure during 3D printing and a health effects review, giving tools to evaluate the risks and recommendations to avoid or minimise these risks using engineering controls like extraction systems or good ventilation

Impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de la gestante

Objetivo Identificar los factores determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (OHIP-14) en una población de mujeres embarazadas.Métodos En el estudio participaron 90 pacientes embarazadas, 45 inmigrantes y 45 españolas. Las participantes completaron el cuestionario de OHIP-14 (versión española) y se les exploró el índice CAOD (presencia de caries, ausencia de dientes por caries y dientes obturados) en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se realizó un estudio analítico bivariante y multivariante.Resultados La edad media de las participantes inmigrantes fue 30,2 años y de las españolas de 34,4. La puntuación media de OHIP-14 fue de 5,83±6,57, siendo en elgrupo de inmigrantes de 8,15 y en las nacionales de 3,51, manifestando una diferenciaestadísticamente significativa (p=0.001). Las puntuaciones más altas del OHIP-14se presentaron en los dominios de dolor (110), seguido del malestar psicológico (81). Tomando como punto de corte el valor de la mediana en la puntuación del OHIP-14 (≥3), el Odds ratio de sentir una salud oral que interfiere en la calidad de vida fue de 3,294y este riesgo se potenció con el padecimiento de caries (4,323) pero no con la edad.Conclusiones Dado que la experiencia de caries, pudiera ser uno de los determinantes en la valoración de percibir una peor calidad de vida oral durante el embarazo, se necesitarían más estudios que lo corroborasen, y así ampliar las expectativas preventivasen el desarrollo de la salud oral por parte de la política sanitaria.Objective To identify the factors that determine quality of life related to oral health (OHIP-14) in a population of pregnant women.Methods This study included ninety pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 from Spain. Participants completed the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14) –Spanish version– and the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) was explored during the second trimester of pregnancy. A bivariate and multivariate analyticalstudy was performed.Results The average age of immigrant participants was 30.2, and of Spanish women 34.4. The mean OHIP-14 score was 5.83±6.57 (8.15 in the immigrant group and 3.51 in the Spanish group), showing a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The highestOHIP-14 scores were related to pain (110), followed by psychological distress (81). Considering the median value in the OHIP-14 score as a cut-off (≥3), the odds ratio fororal health that interferes with quality of life was 3 294, and this risk was increased by caries (4 323) but not by age.Conclusions Since the DMFT could be one of the determining factors for worst quality of life in pregnant patients, more studies to corroborate this information are necessary in order to expand preventive expectations in the practice of oral health in relation to policies

A novel combination of CYP51A mutations confers pan-azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus

The treatment of invasive and chronic aspergillosis involves triazole drugs. Its intensive use has resulted in the selection of resistant isolates, and at present, azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is considered an emerging threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this work is to uncover the molecular mechanism implicated in the azole resistance phenotype of three Aspergillus fumigatus clinical strains isolated from an Argentinian cystic fibrosis patient under long-term triazole treatment. Strain susceptibilities were assessed, and CYP51A gene sequences were analyzed. Two of the studied Aspergillus fumigatus strains harbored the TR34- L98H allele. These strains showed high MIC values for all tested triazoles (>16.00μg/ml, 1.00 μg/ml, 1.00 μg/ml, and 2.00 μg/ml for itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, respectively). The third strain had a novel amino acid change (R65K) combined with the TR34-L98H mutations. This new mutation combination induces a pan-azole MIC augment compared with TR34-L98H mutants (>16 μg/ml, 4.00μg/ml, 4.00μg/ml, and 8.00μg/ml for itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, respectively). The strain harboring the TR34-R65K-L98H allele showed no inhibition halo when voriconazole susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion. The effect of these mutations in the azole-resistant phenotype was confirmed by gene replacement experiments. Transformants harboring the TR34-L98H and TR34-R65KL98H alleles mimicked the azole-resistant phenotype of the clinical isolates, while the incorporation of the TR34-R65K and R65K alleles did not significantly increase azole MIC values. This is the first report of the TR34-L98H allele in Argentina. Moreover, a novel CYP51A allele (TR34-R65K-L98H) that induces a pan-azole MIC augment is described.Fil: Macedo, Daiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Brito Devoto, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Pola, Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Finquelievich, Jorge L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cuestas, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Effron, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentin

Seasonal and inter-annual variability in nutrient supply in relation to mixing in the Bay of Biscay

Post-print

Safety and immunogenicity of the protein-based PHH-1V compared to BNT162b2 as a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine in adults vaccinated against COVID-19: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority phase IIb trial

Neutralizing antibodies; Protein-based vaccine; SARS-CoV-2Anticuerpos neutralizantes; Vacuna a base de proteínas; SARS-CoV-2Anticossos neutralitzants; Vacuna a base de proteïnes; SARS-CoV-2Background: A SARS-CoV-2 protein-based heterodimer vaccine, PHH-1V, has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in healthy young adults in a first-in-human, Phase I/IIa study dose-escalation trial. Here, we report the interim results of the Phase IIb HH-2, where the immunogenicity and safety of a heterologous booster with PHH-1V is assessed versus a homologous booster with BNT162b2 at 14, 28 and 98 days after vaccine administration. Methods: The HH-2 study is an ongoing multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority Phase IIb trial, where participants 18 years or older who had received two doses of BNT162b2 were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive a booster dose of vaccine-either heterologous (PHH-1V group) or homologous (BNT162b2 group)-in 10 centres in Spain. Eligible subjects were allocated to treatment stratified by age group (18-64 versus ≥65 years) with approximately 10% of the sample enrolled in the older age group. The primary endpoints were humoral immunogenicity measured by changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies (PBNA) against the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain after the PHH-1V or the BNT162b2 boost, and the safety and tolerability of PHH-1V as a boost. The secondary endpoints were to compare changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the T-cell responses towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein peptides. The exploratory endpoint was to assess the number of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥14 days after PHH-1V booster. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05142553. Findings: From 15 November 2021, 782 adults were randomly assigned to PHH-1V (n = 522) or BNT162b2 (n = 260) boost vaccine groups. The geometric mean titre (GMT) ratio of neutralizing antibodies on days 14, 28 and 98, shown as BNT162b2 active control versus PHH-1V, was, respectively, 1.68 (p < 0.0001), 1.31 (p = 0.0007) and 0.86 (p = 0.40) for the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain; 0.62 (p < 0.0001), 0.65 (p < 0.0001) and 0.56 (p = 0.003) for the Beta variant; 1.01 (p = 0.92), 0.88 (p = 0.11) and 0.52 (p = 0.0003) for the Delta variant; and 0.59 (p ≤ 0.0001), 0.66 (p < 0.0001) and 0.57 (p = 0.0028) for the Omicron BA.1 variant. Additionally, PHH-1V as a booster dose induced a significant increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells expressing IFN-γ on day 14. There were 458 participants who experienced at least one adverse event (89.3%) in the PHH-1V and 238 (94.4%) in the BNT162b2 group. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain (79.7% and 89.3%), fatigue (27.5% and 42.1%) and headache (31.2 and 40.1%) for the PHH-1V and the BNT162b2 groups, respectively. A total of 52 COVID-19 cases occurred from day 14 post-vaccination (10.14%) for the PHH-1V group and 30 (11.90%) for the BNT162b2 group (p = 0.45), and none of the subjects developed severe COVID-19. Interpretation: Our interim results from the Phase IIb HH-2 trial show that PHH-1V as a heterologous booster vaccine, when compared to BNT162b2, although it does not reach a non-inferior neutralizing antibody response against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain at days 14 and 28 after vaccination, it does so at day 98. PHH-1V as a heterologous booster elicits a superior neutralizing antibody response against the previous circulating Beta and the currently circulating Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants in all time points assessed, and for the Delta variant on day 98 as well. Moreover, the PHH-1V boost also induces a strong and balanced T-cell response. Concerning the safety profile, subjects in the PHH-1V group report significantly fewer adverse events than those in the BNT162b2 group, most of mild intensity, and both vaccine groups present comparable COVID-19 breakthrough cases, none of them severe.HIPRA SCIENTIFIC, S.L.U

Un modelo de atención integral al paciente crónico complejo

INTRODUCCIÓN. El aumento de la esperanza de vida ha compor­tado un incremento de patologías crónicas. La evolución de las enfermedades crónicas es causa de disfunciones orgáni­cas y sistémicas, las cuales causan limitaciones físicas y psí­quicas que obligan a establecer ayudas para poder realizar las tareas vitales básicas. La Atención Primaria (AP) tiene un papel clave en el segui­miento de la fragilidad, cronicidad y complejidad de la po­blación, pero para atender la alta complejidad de forma ade­cuada es preciso conocer y coordinar los distintos recursos existentes en el territorio. DESARROLLO DEL MODELO DE ACTUACIÓN: CREACIÓN DE UNA UNIDAD FUN­CIONAL. La AP debe garantizar la equidad, la accesibilidad, la longitudinalidad y la continuidad asistencial, sin olvidar que los resultados en salud deben ser óptimos. En el SAP Delta del Llobregat existen varios proveedores de la salud, por lo que se elaboró un plan estratégico centra­do en la coordinación i/o conciliación de todos los dispositi­vos implicados en la asistencia para dar una atención integral a la persona. Los pacientes incluidos en este programa debían estar identificados como PCC, en fase evolucionada y tributaria de seguimiento intensivo. CONCLUSIONES. La identificación de las persones catalogadas como PCC y en situación de riesgo clínico permite un segui­miento exhaustivo a fin de evitar exacerbaciones y la hi

Modelling and mapping the local distribution of representative species on the Le Danois Bank, El Cachucho Marine Protected Area (Cantabrian Sea)

Instituto Español de OceanografíaVersión del edito

Are skin disorders related to work strain in hospital workers? A cross-sectional study

To evaluate whether occupational stress factors (high demands, low control, low social support, strain, and iso-strain) are associated with skin disorders in hospital workers and whether psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, act as potential mechanisms through which occupational stress factors are associated with skin disorders