Symmetry breaking and clustering in a vibrated granular gas with several macroscopically connected compartments

The spontaneous symmetry breaking in a vibro-fluidized low-density granular gas in three connected compartments is investigated. When the total number of particles in the system becomes large enough, particles distribute themselves unequally among the three compartments. Particles tend to concentrate in one of the compartments, the other two having the (relatively small) same average number of particles. A hydrodynamical model that accurately predicts the bifurcation diagram of the system is presented. The theory can be easily extended to the case of an arbitrary number of connected compartments

Emergence of simple patterns in many-body systems: from macroscopic objects to the atomic nucleus

Strongly correlated many-body systems often display the emergence of simple patterns and regular behaviour of their global properties. Phenomena such as clusterization, collective motion and appearance of shell structures are commonly observed across different size, time, and energy scales in our universe. Although at the microscopic level their individual parts are described by complex interactions, the collective behaviour of these systems can exhibit strikingly regular patterns. This contribution provides an overview of the experimental signatures that are commonly used to identify the emergence of shell structures and collective phenomena in distinct physical systems. Examples in macroscopic systems are presented alongside features observed in atomic nuclei. The discussion is focused on the experimental trends observed for exotic nuclei in the vicinity of nuclear closed-shells, and the new challenges that recent experiments have posed in our understanding of emergent phenomena in nuclei.Comment: Invited contribution prepared for the special issue of "The tower of effective (field) theories and the emergence of nuclear phenomen

Non-linear response of single-molecule magnets: field-tuned quantum-to-classical crossovers

Quantum nanomagnets can show a field dependence of the relaxation time very different from their classical counterparts, due to resonant tunneling via excited states (near the anisotropy barrier top). The relaxation time then shows minima at the resonant fields H_{n}=n D at which the levels at both sides of the barrier become degenerate (D is the anisotropy constant). We showed that in Mn12, near zero field, this yields a contribution to the nonlinear susceptibility that makes it qualitatively different from the classical curves [Phys. Rev. B 72, 224433 (2005)]. Here we extend the experimental study to finite dc fields showing how the bias can trigger the system to display those quantum nonlinear responses, near the resonant fields, while recovering an classical-like behaviour for fields between them. The analysis of the experiments is done with heuristic expressions derived from simple balance equations and calculations with a Pauli-type quantum master equation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B, brief report

Global analysis of electromagnetic moments in odd near doubly magic nuclei

We use the nuclear DFT approach to determine nuclear electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments in all one-particle and one-hole neighbors of eight doubly magic nuclei. We align angular momenta along the intrinsic axial-symmetry axis with broken time-reversal symmetry, which allows us to explore fully the self-consistent charge, spin, and current polarizations. Spectroscopic moments are determined for symmetry-restored wave functions and compared with available experimental data. We find that the obtained polarizations do not call for using quadrupole- or dipole-moment operators with effective charges or effective g-factors.Comment: 15 LaTeX pages, 9 figure

Laser Spectroscopy for the Study of Exotic Nuclei

Investigation into the properties and structure of unstable nuclei far from stability remains a key avenue of research in modern nuclear physics. These efforts are motivated by the continual observation of unexpected structure phenomena in nuclei with unusual proton-to-neutron ratios. In recent decades, laser spectroscopy techniques have made significant contributions in our understanding of exotic nuclei in different mass regions encompassing almost the entire nuclear chart. This is achieved through determining multiple fundamental properties of nuclear ground and isomeric states, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments and charge radii, via the measurement of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts in the atomic or ionic spectra of the nuclei of interest. These properties, when measured with sufficient precision for a long range of isotopes, offer prominent tests of recently developed state-of-the-art theory and help to stimulate new developments to improve the many-body methods and nucleon-nucleon interactions at the core of these models. With the aim of exploring more exotic short-lived nuclei located ever closer to the proton and neutron driplines, laser spectroscopy techniques, with their continuous technological developments towards higher resolution and higher sensitivity, are extensively employed at current- and next-generation radioactive ion beam facilities worldwide. Ongoing efforts in parallel promise to make even more exotic species available for study at next-generation facilities. Very recently, an innovative application of laser spectroscopy on molecules containing short-lived nuclei has been demonstrated offering additional opportunities for several fields of research, e.g. fundamental symmetry studies and astrophysics.Comment: 129 pages (bibliography 56 pages), 32 figures, invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Comments and suggestions are welcom

Desarrollo de un instrumento de ayuda a la decisión para la mejora de las líneas de confección.

En este estudio se describe el software de simulación de daños en líneas de clasificación de fruta SIMLIN 2.0. Se refiere su empleo en la simulación de confección de melocotones Sudanell con una susceptibilidad intrínseca estimada mediante un modelo logístico, ajustado con esta misma herramienta, a partir de datos de Laboratorio SIMLIN 2.0 precisa la caracterización de las partidas de fruta mediante distribuciones de probabilidad, la cual puede llevarse a cabo con un interfaz de usuario de fácil utilización. El software permite evaluar los porcentajes de daño previstos para líneas de clasificación con distintos niveles de agresividad establecidos por medio de bases de datos generadas con frutos electrónicos tipo IS-100. Aporta distintas salidas gráficas que ayudan a definir las estrategias de mejora que más se adecúen a cada caso

A new beamline for laser spin-polarization at ISOLDE

A beamline dedicated to the production of laser-polarized radioactive beams has been constructed at ISOLDE, CERN. We present here different simulations leading to the design and construction of the setup, as well as technical details of the full setup and examples of the achieved polarizations for several radioisotopes. Beamline simulations show a good transmission through the entire line, in agreement with observations. Simulations of the induced nuclear spin-polarization as a function of atom-laser interaction length are presented for $^{26,28}$Na, [1] and for $^{35}$Ar, which is studied in this work. Adiabatic spin rotation of the spin-polarized ensemble of atoms, and how this influences the observed nuclear ensemble polarization, are also performed for the same nuclei. For $^{35}$Ar, we show that multiple-frequency pumping enhances the ensemble polarization by a factor 1.85, in agreement with predictions from a rate equations model. [1] J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys./174408400

The evolution of H{\sc ii} galaxies: Testing the bursting scenario through the use of self-consistent models

We have computed a series of realistic and self-consistent models of the emitted spectra of H{\sc ii} galaxies. Our models combine different codes of chemical evolution, evolutionary population synthesis and photoionization. The emitted spectrum of H{\sc ii} galaxies is reproduced by means of the photoionization code CLOUDY, using as ionizing spectrum the spectral energy distribution of the modelled H{\sc ii} galaxy, which in turn is calculated according to a Star Formation History (SFH) and a metallicity evolution given by a chemical evolution model that follows the abundances of 15 different elements. The contribution of emission lines to the broad-band colours is explicitly taken into account. The results of our code are compared with photometric and spectroscopic data of H{\sc ii} galaxies. Our technique reproduces observed diagnostic diagrams, abundances, equivalent width-colour and equivalent width-metallicity relations for local H{\sc ii} galaxies.Comment: 13 figures and 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journa

Ground-State Electromagnetic Moments of Calcium Isotopes

High-resolution bunched-beam collinear laser spectroscopy was used to measure the optical hyperfine spectra of the $^{43-51}$Ca isotopes. The ground state magnetic moments of $^{49,51}$Ca and quadrupole moments of $^{47,49,51}$Ca were measured for the first time, and the $^{51}$Ca ground state spin $I=3/2$ was determined in a model-independent way. Our results provide a critical test of modern nuclear theories based on shell-model calculations using phenomenological as well as microscopic interactions. The results for the neutron-rich isotopes are in excellent agreement with predictions using interactions derived from chiral effective field theory including three-nucleon forces, while lighter isotopes illustrate the presence of particle-hole excitations of the $^{40}$Ca core in their ground state.Comment: Accepted as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review