Efecto de extractos de plantas sobre la regulación de genes de resistencia a meticilina en Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) es una bacteria patógena que actualmente se encuentra entre los principales agentes causales de infecciones que además de ser difíciles de tratar, pueden derivar en la muerte. La multirresistencia de este patógeno está dada por la producción de Proteínas de Unión a Penicilina (PBP2) codificadas por el gen meca. Recientemente se han desarrollado antimicrobianos para el tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por SARM, sin embargo, estas nuevas drogas antimicrobianas provocan una gran cantidad de efectos secundarios, por esta razón la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) propone el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos antimicrobianos que actúen en contra de este patógeno, esto mediante el uso y estudio de plantas con efectos medicinales. Por esta razón nos dimos a la tarea de estudiar el efecto que 10 extractos de plantas medicinales pudieran tener en el crecimiento y la expresión de genes de resistencia a meticilina en SARM. Para la evaluación del efecto de los extractos de plantas sobre el crecimiento de SARM se realizó la técnica de difusión en agar y la microdilución en placa para el cálculo de la concentración mínima bactericida de los extractos que presentaron acción antimicrobiana contra el crecimiento de SARM. Para la evaluación de estos últimos sobre la regulación del gen de resistencia mecA se utilizó la técnica de RT-PCR. De los extractos de 10 plantas analizadas, solamente lo de Sello de Oro, Larrea, Eucalipto y Schisandra tienen una acción antimicrobiana contra SARM, obteniendo CMB que variaron desde 0.024mg/ml para el Eucalipto, hasta 3.125mg/ml mostrado por la Schisandra. Las CMB más bajas fueron obtenidas por los extractos etanólicos de Eucalipto y Larrea, los cuales a una concentración del 50% de su CMB no muestran un efecto en la regulación del gen de resistencia mec

Anisotropic charge displacement supporting isolated photorefractive optical needles

The strong asymmetry in charge distribution supporting a single non-interacting spatial needle soliton in a paraelectric photorefractive is directly observed by means of electroholographic readout. Whereas in trapping conditions a quasi-circular wave is supported, the underlying double-dipolar structure can be made to support two distinct propagation modes.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

FATORES DE RISCO EM SAÚDE SEXUAL E REPRODUTIVA DE MULHERES PRESIDIÁRIAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco relacionados à saúde sexual e reprodutiva que incidem sobre a vulnerabilidade em saúde de mulheres presidiárias. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados contidas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, no mês de dezembro de 2016, utilizando-se a estratégia Population, Variables and Outcomes, obtendo-se amostra de 21 artigos. Resultados: apontaram para a existência de fatores de risco que incidem sobre a vulnerabilidade em saúde sexual e reprodutiva que são potencializados devido à ausência e ou déficit de ações de promoção, proteção, recuperação e reabilitação da saúde no âmbito prisional. Conclusão: os estudos apontaram que os agravos à saúde das mulheres em situação prisional são relacionados tanto a fatores de risco individuais, como sociais e programáticos.Descritores: Reclusos; Fatores de Risco; Vulnerabilidade em Saúde; Saúde da Mulher

Giant Enhancement of Surface Second Harmonic Generation in BaTiO_3 due to Photorefractive Surface Wave Excitation

We report observation of strongly enhanced surface SHG in BaTiO_3 due to excitation of a photorefractive surface electromagnetic wave. Surface SH intensity may reach 10^{-2} of the incident fundamental light intensity. Angular, crystal orientation and polarization dependencies of this SHG are presented. Possible applications of this effect in nonlinear surface spectroscopy are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters on the 3/29/199

Reprodutibilidade de medidas antropométricas estáticas de graduandos de odontologia e de mochos odontológicos

Objetivo: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade intra-examinador de medidas antropométricas estáticas de graduandos do curso de Odontologia, bem como características e medidas de regulagem de mochos odontológicos por eles utilizados. Método: Foram avaliados 40 voluntários e 6 tipos de mochos. Para tomada das medidas antropométicas, os equipamentos utilizados foram cadeira de escritório adaptada, trena flexível com duas hastes adaptadas, dispositivo metálico com ângulo central de 90º, barbante, prancha de madeira retangular medindo 35 x 24 cm, fita isolante e fita crepe. Para padronização do posicionamento da cadeira de escritório adaptada e dos pés dos voluntários foram feitas marcações com fita crepe e isolante no chão. Um fio de barbante foi amarrado na região da cintura de cada voluntário com o objetivo de demarcar a área correspondente à região renal, possibilitando a tomada da medida assento-região renal. As medidas antropométricas observadas foram altura, altura tronco-encefálica, medida sacro-poplítea, largura do quadril, altura poplítea e altura assento-região renal. As características do mocho avaliadas em relação ao assento foram profundidade, largura horizontal e altura mínima/máxima. Em relação ao encosto foram avaliados o ajuste mínimo/máximo de altura. As medidas antropométricas e medidas dos mochos odontológicos foram tomadas por um examinador, em dois momentos distintos, com o intervalo de uma semana entre as avaliações. Para estimar a reprodutibilidade intra-examinador foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ρ). Resultados: Verificou-se um excelente resultado de reprodutibilidade para todas as medidas antropométricas tomadas (ρ=0,99) bem como para os mochos odontológicos avaliados (ρ=0,99). Conclusão: A tomada de medidas antropométricas e dos mochos odontológicos foi reprodutível, podendo ser utilizada com confiança.Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the intraexaminer reproducibility of static anthropometric measurements of undergraduate dental students as well as the characteristics and regulating measurements of the dental stools used by them. Methods: Forty volunteers and 6 types of dental stools were evaluated. For the anthropometric measurements the employed equipments were: an adapted office chair, a flexible measuring tape with two adapted rods, a metallic device with a 90 degree central angle, string, a 35 x 24 cm rectangular wooden board, isolating tape and crepe tape. In order to standardize the position of the adapted office chair and the volunteers’ feet, the floor was marked with the isolating and crepe tapes. A string was att ached to the waist of each volunteer to mark the area corresponding to the kidney region making it possible to measure the seat-renal region area. The examined anthropometric measurements were height, trunkcephalic heigh, sacral-popliteal distance (OK?), hip width, popliteal height and the seat-renal region height. The evaluated characteristi cs of the dental stools relative to the seat were depth, horizontal width and minimum/maximum height. The back of the dental stool was evaluated as for the minimum/ maximum height adjustment. The anthropometric and dental stool measurements were obtained by a single examiner at two moments with a 1-week interval between the evaluations. Intra-class correlati on coeffi cient (ρ) was used to estimate the intraexaminer reproducibility. Results: Excellent reproducibility was observed for all anthropometric measurements obtained (ρ=0.99) as well as for all dental stools evaluated (ρ=0.99). Conclusion: The method used to obtain the anthropometric and dental stools measurements was reproducible and can be used reliably

Infraestrutura escalável para análise do comportamento das botnets e a propagação por e-mail utilizando SMTP/ Scalable infrastructure for botnet behavior analysis and e-mail propagation using SMTP

Uma Botnet é uma rede formada por bots utilizando códigos maliciosos chamados malware, que compromete a segurança. Hoje em dia tem aumentado o número de pragas digitais como exemplo botnet, por isso a necessidade de estudos e análise do comportamento dessas redes de bots, a necessidade de infraestrutura escalável para análise se torna necessária, utilizando máquinas virtuais, serviços e bots em ambiente confinado sendo importante para verificar os tipos de ataque, comportamento dos bots, impacto na rede e estudar formas de conter os ataques e propagação das Botnets utilizando e-mail, protocolo SMTP e porta 25

Activation of ethylene-responsive p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase leads to increased tocopherol levels during ripening in mango

Mango is characterized by high tocopherol and carotenoid content during ripening. From a cDNA screen of differentially expressing genes during mango ripening, a full-length p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (MiHPPD) gene homologue was isolated that encodes a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of tocopherols. The gene encoded a 432-amino-acid protein. Transcript analysis during different stages of ripening revealed that the gene is ripening related and rapidly induced by ethylene. The increase in MiHPPD transcript accumulation was followed by an increase in tocopherol levels during ripening. The ripening-related increase in MiHPPD expression was also seen in response to abscisic acid and to alesser extent to indole-3-acetic acid. The expression of MiHPPD was not restricted to fruits but was also seen in other tissues such as leaves particularly during senescence. The strong ethylene induction of MiHPPD was also seen in young leaves indicating that ethylene induction of MiHPPD is tissue independent. Promoter analysis of MiHPPD gene in tomato discs and leaves of stable transgenic lines of Arabidopsis showed that the cis elements for ripening-related, ethylene-responsive, and senescence-related expression resided within the 1590 nt region upstream of the ATG codon. Functionality of the gene was demonstrated by the ability of the expressed protein in bacteria to convert p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate. These results provide the first evidence for HPPD expression during ripening of a climacteric fruit

Green composites based on wheat gluten matrix and posidonia oceanica waste fibers as reinforcements

[EN] In this work, green composites from renewable resources were manufactured and characterized. A fibrous material derived from Posidonia oceanica wastes with high cellulose content (close to 90 wt% of the total organic component) was used as reinforcing material. The polymeric matrix to bind the fibers was a protein (wheat gluten) type material. Composites were made by hot-press molding by varying the gluten content on composites in the 10¿40 wt% range. Mechanical properties were evaluated by standardized flexural tests. Thermo-mechanical behavior of composites was evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis (torsion DMA) and determination of heat deflection temperature. Morphology of samples was studied by scanning electronic microscopy and the water uptake in terms of the water submerged time was evaluated to determine the maximum water uptake of the fibers in the composites. Composites with 10¿40 wt% gluten show interesting mechanical performance, similar or even higher to many commodity and technical plastics, such as polypropylene. Water resistance of these composites increases with the amount of gluten. Therefore, the sensitiveness to the water of the composites can be tailored with the amount of gluten in their formulation.The authors would like to acknowledge the Wallenberg and Lars-Erik Thunholms Foundation for the economical support through the concession of a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Forest related. Authors would also like to thank Marcos and Elena for helping in collecting P. oceanica balls.Ferrero Penadés, B.; Boronat Vitoria, T.; Moriana Torró, R.; Fenollar Gimeno, OÁ.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2013). Green composites based on wheat gluten matrix and posidonia oceanica waste fibers as reinforcements. Polymer Composites. 34(10):1663-1669. doi:10.1002/pc.22567S16631669341