OTIMIZAÇÃO DA EXTRAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS DA CASCA DE MANGA (TOMMY ATKINS) UTILIZANDO PROCESSO ASSISTIDO POR ULTRASSOM

A casca de manga é considerada um resíduo da indústria de alimentos, rico em compostos fenólicos e o ultrassom tem se destacado entre as técnicas tradicionais na extração destes compostos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os parâmetros que influenciam na extração de compostos fenólicos da casca de manga por ultrassom. Para esse fim, concentração de álcool etílico (30, 50 e 70%), temperatura (40, 50 e 60 °C) e tempo (30, 40 e 50 minutos) foram avaliados, por meio do planejamento de Box-Behnken. Os resultados mostraram que todas as variáveis avaliadas apresentaram efeito positivo na extração de compostos fenólicos, exceto a interação tempo e a concentração de etanol. A cinética de extração em ultrassom foi realizada na condição otimizada (temperatura de 60 °C por 60 minutos e 50% álcool etílico) e comparada a extração realizada em banho com água, onde verificou-se a eficiência do ultrassom na extração do maior teor de compostos fenólicos da casca de manga. Adicionalmente pode-se verificar que a casca de manga é considerada uma fonte de compostos ativos e a utilização de ultrassom pode auxiliar na maior extração destes compostos.AbstractThe mango peel is considered a waste of the food industry, rich in phenolic compounds and the ultrasound It has excelled between traditional techniques in the extraction of these compounds. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the parameters that influence the extraction of phenolic compounds of ultrasound mango peel. In order to do this, the ethyl alcohol concentration (30, 50 and 70%), temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) and time (30, 40 and 50 minutes) were evaluated by means of the Box-Behnken planning. The results showed that all variables had a positive effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds, except the interaction between time and the concentration of ethanol. The ultrasound in extraction kinetics was carried out in optimized condition (temperature 60 ºC for 60 minutes and 50% ethanol) and compared the extraction performed in bath with water, which verified the ultrasound efficiency in the higher content extraction phenolic compounds of the mango peel. Additionally it can be seen that the mango peel is considered a source of active compounds and the use of higher ultrasound can aid in extraction of these compounds

Determinação de Ácidos Graxos Livres em Óleos Vegetais por FT-NIR e Calibração Multivariada

Métodos instrumentais têm sido reportados como alternativas aos métodos convencionais comumente aplicados em análise químicas, dentre os quais a espectrometria no infravermelho próximo com transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) tem superado a técnica convencional fornecendo procedimentos analíticos rápidos, diretos, precisos e não-invasivos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a aplicação da espectroscopia FT-NIR acoplada à calibração multivariada na determinação do percentual de ácidos graxos livres (AGL) em óleos vegetais. O método analítico desenvolvido utilizou como matriz de calibração misturas de óleo de soja e ácido oléico em proporções de 0,3 a 38,0% (em massa) de ácido oléico. O método de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) com espectro derivado (1ª derivada) foi utilizado com sete fatores primários, fornecendo valores de erro médio quadrático de 0,2841 e 0,4613 para as curvas de calibração e predição respectivamente. Dentre as principais aplicações da metodologia desenvolvida está a avaliação do teor de AGL em óleos vegetais com potencialidade na produção de biodiesel

Production of edible films based on pea starch with incorporation of active compounds obtained from the purple araçá (Psidium myrtoides)

The aim of this study was to incorporate the active compounds present in purple araçá (Psidium myrtoides) in pea starch-based films and to verify the influence of different plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol 400) on film properties. Films were produced and characterized in relation to visual appearance, active compounds, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical and barrier properties. Pea starch has a high amylose content and a final viscosity of 5371.5 RVU, which contributes to the elaboration of films even without the addition of plasticizers. Purple araçá and pea starch formed films with good water vapor barrier characteristics (0.398 g·mm/m2·h·KPa) and low solubility (33.30%). Among plasticizers, sorbitol promoted a lower permeability to water vapor. The selected formulations, 0%, 20%, and 30% sorbitol, presented a high concentration of phenolic compounds (1194.55, 1115.47, and 1042.10 mg GAE 100 g-1, respectively) and were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, films contained the active compounds of purple araçá and potential to be used as food packagingPostprint (published version

Continuous Catalyst-Free Esterification of Oleic Acid in Compressed Ethanol

The esterification of oleic acid in a continuous catalyst-free process using compressed ethanol was investigated in the present study. Experiments were performed in a tubular reactor and variables investigated were temperature, pressure, and oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio for different residence time. Results demonstrated that temperature, in the range of 473 K to 573 K, and pressure had a positive effect on fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) production. In the experimental range investigated, high conversions can be obtained at low ethanol concentrations in the reaction medium and it was observed that oleic acid to ethanol molar ratios greater than 1 : 6 show no significant increase in conversion. Nonnegligible reaction conversions (>90%) were achieved at 573 K, 20 MPa, oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio of 1 : 6, and 20 minutes of residence time

Antimicrobial activity of bleached cattail fibers (Typha domingensis) impregnated with silver nanoparticles and benzalkonium chloride

Typha domingensis (Cattail) fiber is a significant natural resource, abundant in cellulose. The study reports the useful utilization of T. domingensis fiber for physicochemical impregnation of silver nanoparticles and benzalkonium chloride, in the development of a material with antimicrobial activity. The fibers were pre-treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (bleaching) for partial removal of lignin, pectin and waxes. Subsequently treated in a solution of different concentrations of benzalkonium chloride and Tollens' reagent. The new materials obtained were carefully investigated for their structure and thermal stability, morphology and susceptibility to antimicrobials (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimuruim, and Salmonella enteritidis). Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the presence of benzalkonium chloride. The morphology analysis showed the silver nanoparticles on the surface of the bleached fibers. The susceptibility profile to antimicrobials was confirmed by the formation of inhibition halos (¿11.26¿mm). Based on the properties of the materials obtained, it can be concluded that the modified cattail fibers have the potential to be used as a functional filler, or coating, in the development of antimicrobial compositesPostprint (published version

Quality and fatty acid profile of chicken sausage added canola oil as partial replacement for animal fat/ Qualidade e perfil de ácido graxo de linguiça de frango com substituição parcial de gordura animal por óleo de canola

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the addition of canola oil to chicken sausage, mainly related to the fatty acid profile and sensory properties. The sausages were produced with the addition of canola oil-based emulsion to replace the saturated fat used to maintain cohesion of the ingredients stored at -8 °C, and the color, pH, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were determined on days 0, 7, 15, 30, and 45. A reduction in saturated fatty acid content and an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected, and stored sausage samples had variable pH that remained within the range of 6.14 - 6.44 regardless of the concentration of substituted oil. Additionally, the TBARS levels were <0.79, indicating low levels of lipid peroxidation in sausage stored for 45 days. The substitution of animal fat with canola oil in sausage resulted in feasible proximal composition and sensory characteristics acceptable by non-trained panels. Moreover, the substitution resulted in nutritional improvements due to an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction that specifically decreased lipid oxidation

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE VITAMINA D E DOENÇAS AUTOIMUNES: QUAL O PAPEL DESSE PRÉ-HORMÔNIO NO ORGANISMO

Vitamin D, though commonly referred to as a vitamin, is actually a crucial pre-hormone for bone and immune health. This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D levels and the prevalence, severity, and progression of autoimmune diseases. The aim is to understand how vitamin D modulates the immune response and to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct therapeutic strategy in the management of autoimmune diseases. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, covering the period from 2017 to 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Ten articles directly addressing the relationship between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases were selected. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation can reduce disease activity and improve patients' quality of life. However, there are controversies regarding adequate vitamin D levels and effective supplementation protocols, highlighting the need for further research. Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in modulating the immune system and in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Correcting vitamin D deficiency can help reduce disease activity and improve patients' quality of life, though further research is necessary to confirm causality and understand the underlying mechanisms.A vitamina D, embora comumente referida como vitamina, é na verdade um pré-hormônio crucial para a saúde óssea e imunológica. Este estudo investiga a relação entre níveis de vitamina D e a prevalência, gravidade e progressão das doenças autoimunes. Entender como a vitamina D modula a resposta imunológica e avaliar o impacto da suplementação de vitamina D como estratégia terapêutica adjuvante no manejo de doenças autoimunes. Foi realizada uma revisão literária abrangendo o período de 2017 a 2024, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar. Foram selecionados 10 artigos que abordam diretamente a relação entre vitamina D e doenças autoimunes. A deficiência de vitamina D está associada a várias doenças autoimunes, como artrite reumatoide, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, esclerose múltipla e diabetes tipo 1. A suplementação de vitamina D pode reduzir a atividade da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No entanto, há controvérsias sobre os níveis adequados de vitamina D e os protocolos de suplementação eficazes, destacando a necessidade de mais pesquisas. A vitamina D desempenha um papel fundamental na modulação do sistema imunológico e na prevenção e tratamento de doenças autoimunes. A correção da deficiência de vitamina D pode ajudar a reduzir a atividade da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas para confirmar a causalidade e entender os mecanismos subjacentes

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

CARGA IMEDIATA EM IMPLANTES DENTÁRIOS: AVALIAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS CLÍNICOS E BIOLÓGICOS A CURTO E A LONGO PRAZO.

The present study aims to review the clinical and biological results associated with immediate loading of dental implants, addressing current evidence available in the scientific literature. An extensive literature review was carried out to identify relevant studies regarding the proposal of the present study. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar, were consulted to obtain published articles. Immediate loading, defined as the application of functional loading immediately after implant installation, represents a significant advance in clinical dental practice. However, more research is needed to validate these findings and to guide evidence-based clinical decisions and promote better results for patients undergoing this treatment modality. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the area of ​​dental implants, providing a basis for the development of more effective and personalized clinical protocols. Despite the evident benefits in terms of reducing treatment time and improving patients' quality of life, challenges such as peri-implant complications and marginal bone loss are discussed, emphasizing the need for careful case selection and rigorous monitoring to ensure satisfactory long-term results. This article highlights the importance of individualized, evidence-based assessment when implementing immediate loading of dental implants.O presente estudo possui como objetivo revisar os resultados clínicos e biológicos associados à carga imediata em implantes dentários, abordando evidências atuais disponíveis na literatura científica.  Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para identificar estudos relevantes acerca da proposta do presente estudo. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scopus, SciELO e Google Scholar, foram consultadas para obter artigos publicados. A carga imediata, definida como a aplicação de carga funcional imediatamente após a instalação do implante, representa um avanço significativo na prática clínica odontológica. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais pesquisas para validar esses achados e para orientar decisões clínicas baseadas em evidências e promover melhores resultados para os pacientes submetidos a essa modalidade de tratamento. Em última análise, este estudo contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico na área de implantes dentários, fornecendo uma base para o desenvolvimento de protocolos clínicos mais eficazes e personalizados. Apesar dos benefícios evidentes em termos de redução do tempo de tratamento e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, são discutidos os desafios como complicações peri-implantares e perda óssea marginal, enfatizando a necessidade de uma seleção criteriosa dos casos e um acompanhamento rigoroso para garantir resultados satisfatórios a longo prazo. Este artigo destaca a importância da avaliação individualizada e baseada em evidências na implementação da carga imediata em implantes dentários