Joint Access-Backhaul Perspective on Mobility Management in 5G Networks

The ongoing efforts in the research development and standardization of 5G, by both industry and academia, have resulted in the identification of enablers (Software Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualization, Distributed Mobility Management, etc.) and critical areas (Mobility management, Interference management, Joint access-backhaul mechanisms, etc.) that will help achieve the 5G objectives. During these efforts, it has also been identified that the 5G networks due to their high degree of heterogeneity, high QoS demand and the inevitable density (both in terms of access points and users), will need to have efficient joint backhaul and access mechanisms as well as enhanced mobility management mechanisms in order to be effective, efficient and ubiquitous. Therefore, in this paper we first provide a discussion on the evolution of the backhaul scenario, and the necessity for joint access and backhaul optimization. Subsequently, and since mobility management mechanisms can entail the availability, reliability and heterogeneity of the future backhaul/fronthaul networks as parameters in determining the most optimal solution for a given context, a study with regards to the effect of future backhaul/fronthaul scenarios on the design and implementation of mobility management solutions in 5G networks has been performed.Comment: IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications & Networking, September 2017, Helsinki, Finlan

Hidrogenação de olefinas utilizando carbonilas de ferro como catalisadores

Para avaliar o comportamento do Fe(C0)5, Fe2(C0)9 e Fe3(CO) 12 como precursores catalíticos foram estudadas as reações de hidrogenação do cicloexeno, hexeno-1 e cinamaldeído em um reator fotoquímico, sob fluxo de H2, com irradiação UY-Yis contínua durante o processo. Os espectros de infravermelho das amostras das reações revelaram a formação de intermediários do tipo Fe(C0)4(olefina) e HFe(C0)3(n:-alila). Além deste, registraram-se indícios da presença de uma espécie dímera [Fe(C0)3 (olefina)]2. Com o cinamaldeído detectou-se o complexo estável Fe(COMcinamalcleído), que não levou a nenhum produto de hidrogenação. O Fe(C0)9 tem atividade superior (66,6%) às outras carbonilas de ferro (42,0% ; 42,8 % para o Fe(C0)5 e Fe3(C0)12 , respectivamente) na hidrogenação do cicloexeno, o que está de acordo com resultado preliminar deste laboratório. Já para o hexeno-1 foi estudada a competição entre as reações de isomerização e hidrogenação. A velocidade de isormerização foi muito maior que a de hidrogenação e as espécies poiinucleares promoveram a isomerização mais rapidamente que o Fe(C0)5• As conversões nos alcanos foram: aprox. 60,0% (Fe(C0)5, Fe3(C0)12 ) e 75,4% (Fe2(C0)9 ), mostrando que para a reação de hidrogenação do hexeno-1 também foi observada uma atividade maior para o Fe2(C0)9

Propuesta de un sistema de gestión de mantenimiento para mejorar los indicadores de gestión del área de operaciones en una empresa agrícola, Piura 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la propuesta de un sistema de gestión de mantenimiento para mejorar los indicadores de gestión del área de operaciones en la empresa EL PEDREGAL SA Piura – Castilla 2021. Es una investigación de tipo aplicada y cuantitativa, y se tomó una muestra de 15 máquinas del área de operaciones, que midió en su diagnóstico a los indicadores de gestión en el área de operaciones de la empresa El Pedregal SA concluyendo; que el indicador de gestión tiempo medio entre falla (MTBF), Indicando que los mantenimientos correctivos son la causa más común de la paralización del sistema productivo. De otro lado la disponibilidad se afecta hasta un 5% del total, y este también afecta el componente productivo de la empresa. Por último, la confiabilidad fluctuó entre 95.6%, y 94.5%, lo que generó una afectación al índice de confiabilidad porque se redujo las horas de disposición y aumentó las incidencias en los equipos. Asimismo, implicó la observación de la norma ISO 14224. Procurando una deuda semestral que asciende a S/ 43 708.20. Por esto, surge, la necesidad de una propuesta de sistema de gestión que mejore los indicadores de gestión en la operación del Pedregal S.A

Uso de larvas Hermetia illucens, en el manejo de residuos sólidos orgánicos del mercado, Banda de Shilcayo 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo Evaluar el uso de larvas Hermetia illucens, en el manejo de residuos sólidos orgánicos del mercado, Banda de Shilcayo 2022. El tipo es aplicado, enfoque cuantitativo, el diseño fue cuasiexperimental. La población de 15000 larvas, muestra 15000 larvas con un muestreo censal. Los resultados de las características fisiológicas de la Hermetia illucens, los huevos fueron de color blanco, el peso fue de 2004 gr, 0.45 cm del largo de las larvas y 0.13 cm del ancho de la larva. Las características de los residuos sólidos durante el proceso de descomposición se tuvo una temperatura estándar de en los 4 tratamientos 28.38 °C, 7.24 de pH de los 4 tratamientos, 62.62 de humedad en base a los 4 tratamientos. Finalmente se obtuvo de 21 kilogramos de residuos orgánicos del mercado de la Banda de Shilcayo de 2000 larvas 1.420 gr, con 5000 larvas se obtuvo 2.160 gr, con ingesta de 8000 larvas se logró 2.930 gr de compost y en el tratamiento sin larvas se obtuvo 0.850 gr de compost. Se concluyó que el uso de larvas Hermetia illucens fueron muy eficientes en producir compost de residuos orgánicos del mercado de la banda de Shilcayo

ISOLAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE MICRORGANISMOS PRESENTES EM SUPERFÍCIES DE TECLADOS E MOUSES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE DE TRÊS LAGOAS, MS

Objetos do cotidiano podem ser importantes veículos para transmissão de microrganismos. Objetivamos estudar a ocorrência de microrganismos em teclados e mouses de computadores de uma instituição ensino superior. Swabs umedecidos com solução salina foram friccionados sob as superfícies dos teclados e mouses e utilizados para semear em meios de cultura específicos para isolamento de bactérias e fungos. Observamos um grande número de bactérias isoladas, principalmente dos gêneros: Staphylococcus ssp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia ssp., entre outros bacilos gram negativos. Interessantemente, foram isolados cepas de Gardnerella spp e Legionella spp. Dentre os fungos, observamos 30 espécies de fungos diferentes, principalmente dos gêneros: Absidia sp, Acremonium sp, Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, Fusarium sp, Geotrichum sp, Malassezia sp, Microsporum sp, Pinicillum sp, Rhodotorula sp, Trichoderma sp, Trichophyton sp e Tricosporum sp. Deste modo, concluímos que estes objetos podem ser importantes veículos de transmissão de microrganismos para seres humanos

Drying banana seeds for ex situ conservation

The ability of seeds to withstand drying is fundamental to ex situ seed conservation but drying responses are not well known for most wild species including crop wild relatives. We look at drying responses of seeds of Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, the two primary wild relatives of bananas and plantains, using the following four experimental approaches: (i)We equilibrated seeds to a range of relative humidity (RH) levels using non-saturated lithium chloride solutions and subsequently measured moisture content (MC) and viability. At each humidity levelwe tested viability using embryo rescue (ER), tetrazolium chloride staining and germination in an incubator.We found that seed viabilitywas not reduced when seedswere dried to 4% equilibrium relative humidity (eRH; equating to 2.5% MC). (ii)We assessed viability ofmature and less mature seeds using ER and germination in the soil and tested responses to drying. Findings showed that seeds must be fully mature to germinate and immature seeds had negligible viability. (iii) We dried seeds extracted from ripe/unripe fruit to 35–40% eRH at different rates and tested viability with germination tests in the soil. Seeds from unripe fruit lost viability when dried and especially when dried faster; seeds from ripe fruit only lost viability when fast dried. (iv) Finally, we dried and re-imbibed mature and less mature seeds and measured embryo shrinkage and volume change using X-ray computer tomography. Embryos of less mature seeds shrank significantly when dried to 15% eRH from 0.468 to 0.262 mm3, but embryos of mature seeds did not. Based on our results, mature seeds from ripe fruit are desiccation tolerant to moisture levels required for seed genebanking but embryos from immature seeds are mechanistically less able to withstand desiccation, especially when water potential gradients are high

Calcium Regulation of EGF-Induced ERK5 Activation: Role of Lad1-MEKK2 Interaction

The ERK5 cascade is a MAPK pathway that transmits both mitogenic and stress signals, yet its mechanism of activation is not fully understood. Using intracellular calcium modifiers, we found that ERK5 activation by EGF is inhibited both by the depletion and elevation of intracellular calcium levels. This calcium effect was found to occur upstream of MEKK2, which is the MAP3K of the ERK5 cascade. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that EGF increases MEKK2 binding to the adaptor protein Lad1, and this interaction was reduced by the intracellular calcium modifiers, indicating that a proper calcium concentration is required for the interactions and transmission of EGF signals to ERK5. In vitro binding assays revealed that the proper calcium concentration is required for a direct binding of MEKK2 to Lad1. The binding of these proteins is not affected by c-Src-mediated phosphorylation on Lad1, but slightly affects the Tyr phosphorylation of MEKK2, suggesting that the interaction with Lad1 is necessary for full Tyr phosphorylation of MEKK2. In addition, we found that changes in calcium levels affect the EGF-induced nuclear translocation of MEKK2 and thereby its effect on the nuclear ERK5 activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that calcium is required for EGF-induced ERK5 activation, and this effect is probably mediated by securing proper interaction of MEKK2 with the upstream adaptor protein Lad1

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio