Experiencias de fomento de la dimensión europea: blended learning y nuevas tecnologias

La Conferencia de Lisboa del Consejo Europeo (2000) le dio al Aprendizaje a lo Largo de la Vida (lifelong learning) un papel de vital importancia para alcanzar los objetivos económicos, de empleo y sociales para Europa. Tal y como se predijo en dicha Conferencia, la sociedad europea actual presenta como característica un envejecimiento poblacional que ha supuesto que los mayores se conviertan en un grupo activo y que la capacidad de aprender a lo largo de la vida se convierta en una de las mejores formas de preservar la actividad física y mental y uno de los mejores antídotos contra el deterioro. Así, la Universidade da Coruña, como la mayoría de universidades españolas han empezado a ofertar programas universitarios para mayores, con el objetivo de satisfacer la demanda de los alumnos de más de 50 años que tienen una serie de intereses formativos específicos, que en el caso de la Universidade Sénior de A Coruña llevó a su implicación en diversos proyectos dentro del Programa de Aprendizaje Permanente (LLP) de la Unión Europea. A tal fin, desde el año 2003, se incorporan a su oferta académica, de manera complementaria al plan de estudios, diversos talleres que, con una metodología activa y participativa, y basada en el blended learning, tratan de potenciar un mayor conocimiento y una actitud positiva hacia la ciudadanía y la identidad europea

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in left sided colorectal cancer, depending on their metastatic character

Abstract Background Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules which play a role in the invasion and growth and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. In this work we analyze changes in the patterns of expression of HSPGs in left sided colorectal cancer (LSCRC), both metastatic and non-metastatic, and the results are also compared with those previously obtained for right sided tumors (RSCRCs). Methods Eighteen LSCRCs were studied using qPCR to analyze the expression of both the proteoglycan core proteins and the enzymes involved in heparan sulfate chain biosynthesis. Certain HSPGs also carry chondroitin sulfate chains and so we also studied the genes involved in its biosynthesis. The expression of certain genes that showed significant expression differences were also analysed using immunohistochemical techniques. Results Changes in proteoglycan core proteins were dependent on their location, and the main differences between metastatic and non-metastatic tumors affected cell-surface glypicans, while other molecules were quite similar. Glypicans were also responsible for the main differences between RS- and LS- malignances. Regarding the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate chains, differential alterations in transcription depending on the presence or not of metastasis affected genes involved in the modification of uronic acid (epimerization and 2-O sulfation), and some isoforms responsible for sulfation of glucosamine (NDST1, HS6ST1). Moreover, in RSCRCs differences were preferentially found in the expression of genes involved in C6 and C3 sulfation of glucosamine, but not in NDSTs or SULFs. Finally, synthesis of chondroitin sulfate showed some alterations, which affected various steps, including polimerization and the modification of chains, but the main variations dependent on the presence of metastases were epimerization and 6C sulfation; however, when compared with RSCRCs, the essential divergences affected polymerization of the chains and the 6C sulfation of the galactosamine residue. Conclusions We evidenced alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the GAG chains in LSCRCs, but this was dependent on the metastatic nature of the tumor. Some of these alterations are shared with RSCRCs, while others, focused on specific gene groups, are dependent on tumor localization

Gender and disability,a double invisibility. Current situation

[Resumo]O xénero e a discapacidade veñen interactuar de tal maneira que provocan a aparición de barreiras dificilmente franqueables. As mulleres discapacitadas atópanse nunha situación de desvantaxe a respecto dos homes e as persoas sen discapacidade. O sexo e a discapacidade preséntanse como elementos de desigualdade e discriminación social. Faise preciso, pois, derrubar os conceptos desfasados arredor destas difíciles situacións, e establecer políticas transversais acompañadas de medidas integradoras, que non sexan sobreprotectoras, para o cal se ha de traballar na información e formación das propias mulleres e as súas familias. De entre todas as barreiras –físicas, arquitectónicas, de comunicación...– son quizais as actitudinais as que máis directamente afectan ás mulleres discapacitadas, o que leva consigo unha maior invisibilidade e sobreprotección. Porén, a discapacidade non debe ser asumida desde a vulnerabilidade, senón desde a necesidade de formular unha nova orde a través da posibilidade de participar de forma activa na toma decisións. No noso estudo tratamos de abordar a situación e o seu tratamento nas actuais políticas europea e española de loita contra a discriminación social, cunha especial énfase nos problemas que comporta a incorporación da muller discapacitada ao mercado laboral, en que a precariedade debe ser eliminada progresivamente cunha adecuación específica dos diversos programas de capacitación con medidas de acompañamento. Na Comunidade Autónoma galega están a levarse a cabo, ao abeiro da Lei 7/2004, de 16 de xullo, galega para a igualdade de mulleres e homes unha serie de incentivos á contratación de traballadoras con discapacidade, así como de fomento da promoción do emprego autónomo de persoas con discapacidade, o que significa un intento claro por parte da Administración de promover a plena integración deste colectivo. Desde o Observatorio Estatal da Discapacidade (OED) trátanse mensualmente os datos publicados polo Servizo Público de Emprego Estatal sobre novos contratos realizados a persoas con discapacidade en España. Desta análise pode extraerse que ao finalizar o segundo cuadrimestre de 2011, o acumulado de contratacións a persoas con discapacidade é de 42 178 contratos, fronte aos 39471 que se realizaron nese mesmo período do 2010. Estes datos rexistrados supoñen un 6,9% de incremento en relación cos datos de contratación deste colectivo ao finalizar o segundo cuadrimestre do ano 2010.[Abstract] Gender and disability come to interact in such a way that they create extremely difficult barriers to pass. Disabled women are in a situation of disadvantage regarding men and people without any disability. Gender and handicap appear as elements of inequality and social discrimination.It becomes necessary thus, to knock the old-fashioned concepts down concerning these difficult situations, establishing transverse policies accompanied by integration and not overprotectiv measures, for which we have to work in the information and formation for these women and their families. From all the barriers –physical, architectural, of communication…– the attitudinal are probably the ones that affect the disabled women more directly, which carries a major invisibility and overprotection. Disability must not be taken up from the vulnerability but from the need to raise a new order through the possibility of informing of active ways in decision making.In our study we try to approach the European and Spanish situation and the current treatment of the current policies in the fight against social discrimination, with a special emphasis in the problems that arise in the incorporation of disabled women to the job market in which the precariousness has to be eliminated progressively with a specific adequacy of the diverse training programs with accompaniment measures. In the Autonomous Galician Community a series of incentives are being carried out, under the protection of the law of July 16, 2004 (Galician Law for the equality of men and women), to the contracts of workers with disability, as well as boosting the promotion of self-employmentwork for people with disability, which portrays a clear attempt of the Administration for promoting full integration of this group. The State Observatory of Disability (OED) monthly treats the information published by the Public Service of State Employment on new contracts made to people with any disability in Spain. From this analysis can be deduced that at the end of the second four-month period of2011, the accumulated number of contracts made to people with disability is 42178, in comparison to the 39471 that were made in the same period of 2010. This registered information means a 6,9 % of increase in relation to the contract information of this group at the end of these cond four-month period of the year 2010

Molecular Segmentation of the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus in the Adult Mouse Brain

© 2021. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2021.785840The trigeminal column is a hindbrain structure formed by second order sensory neurons that receive afferences from trigeminal primary (ganglionic) nerve fibers. Classical studies subdivide it into the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus located next to the pontine nerve root, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus which in turn consists of oral, interpolar and caudal subnuclei. On the other hand, according to the prosomeric model, this column would be subdivided into segmental units derived from respective rhombomeres. Experimental studies have mapped the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus to pontine rhombomeres (r) r2-r3 in the mouse. The spinal trigeminal nucleus emerges as a plurisegmental formation covering several rhombomeres (r4 to r11 in mice) across pontine, retropontine and medullary hindbrain regions. In the present work we reexamined the issue of rhombomeric vs. classical subdivisions of this column. To this end, we analyzed its subdivisions in an AZIN2-lacZ transgenic mouse, known as a reference model for hindbrain topography, together with transgenic reporter lines for trigeminal fibers. We screened as well for genes differentially expressed along the axial dimension of this structure in the adult and juvenile mouse brain. This analysis yielded genes from multiple functional families that display transverse domains fitting the mentioned rhombomeric map. The spinal trigeminal nucleus thus represents a plurisegmental structure with a series of distinct neuromeric units having unique combinatorial molecular profiles

Percepção de qualidade de vida e autonomia pessoal em crianças e adolescentes com TDAH: revisão sistemática.

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) encompasses a pattern of complex and heterogeneous symptoms. It has a neurobiological origin and produces alterations in the executive functions, being very characteristic the inability to focus the attention on the daily actions, regulate the level of activity and inhibit the motor and/or cognitive behavior. The disorder affects the development of the child and causes an alteration in the perception of the quality of life and personal autonomy. The performance of daily activities in the different levels of complexity they require is hampered by the presence of ADHD. There are evidence-based interventions for symptom reduction, although no treatment has been found to directly improve the performance of daily life activities or affect the well-being of children with ADHD and their families.Resumen: El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) comprende un patrón de síntomas complejos y heterogéneos. Tiene un origen neurobiológico y produce alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas, siendo muy característica la incapacidad para centrar atención en las acciones cotidianas, regular el nivel de actividad e inhibir el comportamiento motriz y/o cognitivo. El trastorno impacta en el desarrollo del menor y provoca una alteración en la percepción de la calidad de vida y en la autonomía personal. El desempeño de las actividades diarias en los distintos niveles de la complejidad que requieren, está obstaculizado por la presencia del TDAH. Existen intervenciones basadas en evidencia para la reducción de los síntomas aunque no se ha encontrado tratamiento que mejore directamente la ejecución de las actividades de la vida diaria ni que incida en el bienestar de los niños con TDAH y de sus familia

Prevención y tratamiento del fraude en las pruebas de evaluación en Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas

Memoria ID-008. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

What skeletal muscle has to say in ALS: implications for therapy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset disorder characterised by progressive neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dismantling and degeneration of motor neurons leading to atrophy and paralysis of voluntary muscles responsible for motion and breathing. Except for a minority of patients harbouring genetic mutations, the origin of most ALS cases remains elusive. Peripheral tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle, have lately demonstrated an active contribution to disease pathology attracting a growing interest for these tissues as therapeutic targets in ALS. In this sense molecular mechanisms essential for cell and tissue homeostasis have been shown to be de‐regulated in the disease. These include muscle metabolism and mitochondrial activity, RNA processing, tissue‐resident stem cell function responsible for muscle regeneration, and proteostasis that regulates muscle mass in adulthood. This review aims to compile scientific evidence that demonstrates the role of skeletal muscle in ALS pathology and serve as reference for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this tissue to delay disease onset and progression

Circulating Cytokines Could Not Be Good Prognostic Biomarkers in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: There is growing evidence of the role of inflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) during the last decade. Although the origin of ALS remains unknown, multiple potential inflammatory biomarkers have been described in ALS patients and murine models of this disease to explain the progressive motor neuron loss and muscle atrophy. However, the results remain controversial. To shed light on this issue, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers of inflammation that can influence disease progression and survival in serial blood samples from transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a model of ALS.Methods: A cytokine array assay was performed to analyze protein expression of 97 cytokines in plasma samples from wildtype controls and transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage. Subsequently, serial plasma samples were obtained from SOD1G93A mice at early symptomatic, symptomatic and terminal stages to monitor cytokine levels during disease progression through immunoassays. Comparisons of means of quantifiable cytokines between short-and long-lived mice were analyzed by unrelated t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Relationships between cytokines levels and survival time were assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: A total of 16 cytokines (6Ckine, ALK-1, CD30 L, eotaxin-1, galectin-1, GITR, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17B R, MIP-1α, MIP-3β, RANKL, TROY, and VEGF-D) were found dysregulated in transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage compared with age-matched controls. Immunoassays of serial samples revealed positive expression of ALK-1, GITR and IL-17B R at P60 and P90 in mice with shorter survival. In addition, eotaxin-1 and galectin-1 levels were significantly increased at terminal stage in SOD1G93A mice that showed shorter survival time. Finally, levels of eotaxin-1, galectin-1, IL-2, IL-6, MIP-1α, and TROY at P90 or endpoint negatively correlated with the longevity of transgenic mice.Conclusions: We demonstrated in the SOD1G93A model of ALS that increased levels of several cytokines were associated with a shorter lifespan. However, their role as prognostic biomarkers is unclear as their expression was very variable depending on both the disease stage and the subject. Nevertheless, cytokines may be potential therapeutic targets