PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF PALAEACANTHOCEPHALA (ACANTHOCEPHALA) INFERRED FROM SSU AND LSU rDNA GENE SEQUENCES

The Palaeacanthocephala is traditionally represented by 2 orders, Echinorhynchida and Polymorphida, with 10 and 3 families, respectively. To test the monophyly of the class, these 2 orders, and certain families, phylogenies were inferred using nuclear small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA sequences obtained for 29 species representing 10 families, 2 other classes of acanthocephalans, and 3 rotifer outgroups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by analyzing combined SSU and LSU sequences using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Parsimony and ML trees inferred from combined analysis of these rDNA data strongly supported monophyly of Palaeacanthocephala and provided good resolution among species. Neither Polymorphida nor Echinorhynchida was monophyletic. Gorgorhynchoides bullocki (Echinorhynchida) was nested within the 6 species representing Polymorphida, and this clade was nested within species representing Echinorhynchida. Three of 4 palaeacanthocephalan families that could be evaluated were not monophyletic, and this finding was strongly supported. These results indicate that the family level classification of palaeacanthocephalans, which is mainly based on combinations of shared characters (not shared derived characters), needs to be reevaluated with respect to comprehensively sampled phylogenetic hypotheses

Deep learning method for aortic root detection

Background: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a preferred imaging technique for a wide range of vascular diseases. However, extensive manual analysis is required to detect and identify several anatomical landmarks for clinical application. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a fully automatic method for detecting the aortic root, which is a key anatomical landmark in this type of procedure. The approach is based on the use of deep learning techniques that attempt to mimic expert behavior. Methods: A total of 69 CTA scans (39 for training and 30 for validation) with different pathology types were selected to train the network. Furthermore, a total of 71 CTA scans were selected independently and applied as the test set to assess their performance. Results: The accuracy was evaluated by comparing the locations marked by the method with benchmark locations (which were manually marked by two experts). The interobserver error was 4.6 ± 2.3 mm. On an average, the differences between the locations marked by the two experts and those detected by the computer were 6.6 ± 3.0 mm and 6.8 ± 3.3 mm, respectively, when calculated using the test set. Conclusions: From an analysis of these results, we can conclude that the proposed method based on pre-trained CNN models can accurately detect the aortic root in CTA images without prior segmentationThis work was partially financed by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade (reference 2019–2021, ED431C 2018/19)S

Morphological, molecular and histopathological characterization of Plagiorhynchus crassicollis (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae) from a neotropical shorebird in Patagonia, Argentina

In this work we report Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) crassicollis from Patagonia, Argentina. Specimens were collected from the small intestine of a charadriid shorebird with Neotropical distribution, the Two-banded Plover (Charadrius falklandicus). Both morphological and molecular characterization, plus pathological aspect of this species is provided. Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) crassicollis is characterized by having a proboscis with 18–20 longitudinal rows of hooks and 11–14 hooks per row. Sequences of the small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were obtained and compared with other sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses inferred with each molecular marker consistently showed that P. (P.) crassicollis is sister taxa to Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) aznari, a parasite of the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico. Pathologic findings associated with the parasites include ulcerative enteritis, granulomatous inflammation, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, serositis, and peritonitis. This record expands the host and geographical record of P. (P.) crassicollis, provide baseline information on its pathological aspects, and represents the first molecular characterization of P. crassicollis in the Neotropics.Fil: Capasso, Sofía Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Fiorito, Carla Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: García Varela, Martín. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología; MéxicoFil: Diaz, Julia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin

Disability in Spanish and German Law: a comparison of terminology and concepts for translators

Este artículo estudia la terminología relacionada con las personas con discapacidad que se emplea en el marco legislativo de España y Alemania. Por lo tanto, ofrecemos una visión general comparando los respectivos marcos legislativos de ambos países y describiendo los diferentes tipos de ayuda y las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para garantizar la no discriminación y la igualdad de trato para las personas con discapacidad. Se ha extraído la terminología especializada para que sirva de referencia a los traductores e intérpretes que trabajan en este tema.This article studies the terminology related to people with disabilities used within the framework of law in Spain and Germany. Therefore, we give a comparative overview of the legislative framework in both countries, describing the different types of aid and the measures taken by the governments in order to ensure non-discrimination and an equal treatment for people with disabilities. The extracted specialized terminology serves as reference for translators and interpreters working on this topic

An Enhanced Techno-Economic Analysis of LCOE: Public Incentives vs Private Investment

[Abstract] This paper offers a new approach for the estimation of levelized cost of energy (LCOE) by considering the shareholder internal rate of return (IRR) as an unexplored measure in this kind of analysis. The study relies on a comprehensive techno-economic evaluation based on interactions among a set of factors. This mathematical model is then empirically tested for a CSP power plant in Extremadura (Spain) due to their dominant market position and also for being the most developed renewable system at the present. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to establish the influence that market conditions have on the determination of LCOE for different scenarios under the maintenance of a given shareholder IRR for investors. This last assumption makes investment decisions indifferent among several projects in order to focus solely on the minimization of the LCOE. Results reveal that while the annual net electricity production contributes to the reduction of LCOE, total investments, equity percentage and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs help to increase their value by a high percentage. This study gives important scientific basis for investment decision making and also becomes a standpoint to design suitable public incentives that may enhance future technological developments in the CSP generation industry

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia after diode laser oral surgery: an experimen tal study

Background : To examine the process of epithelial reparation in a surgical wound caused by diode laser. Material and Methods : A n experimental study with 27 Sprage-Dawley rats was undertaken. The animals were randomly allocated to two experimental groups, whose individuals underwent glossectomy by means of a diode laser at different wattages, and a control group treated using a number 15 scalpel blade. The animals were slaughtered at the 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after glossectomy. The specimens were independently studied by two pathologists (blinded for the specimens’ group). Results: At the 7th day, re-epithelisation was slightly faster for the control group (conventional scalpel) ( p =0.011). At the 14th day, complete re-epithelization was observed for all groups. The experimental groups displayed a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Conclusions: It is concluded that, considering the limitations of this kind of experimental studies, early re-epithelisation occurs slightly faster when a conventional scalpel is used for incision, although re-epithelisation is completed in two weeks no matter the instrument used. In addition, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia is a potential event after oral mucosa surgery with diode laser. Knowledge about this phenomenon (not previously described) may prevent diagnostic mistakes and inadequate treatment approaches, particularly when dealing with potentially malignant oral lesions

Efecto del aislamiento auditivo en la anorexia basada en la actividad

The objective was to study male and female rats exposed to Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA; simultaneous exposition to food restriction and free access to an activity wheel) under two conditions of sound attenuation, by means of different arrangements of wheels (standard versus isolation) in the laboratory room. Regardless of the sound attenuation condition, all but one male and one female with access to wheels had to be removed from the experiment, but extended ABA endurance was found in rats in the sound attenuation condition. Furthermore, significantly lower levels of running were observed in both males and females under the sound attenuation arrangement in the isolation condition. The results suggest that external stimulation plays a role in the activity displayed by rats exposed to ABA, and that the reduction of external stimulation diminishes running but does not protect rats from developing ABAEl objetivo fue el estudio de ratas macho y hembra expuestas al procedimiento experimental de Anorexia basada en la Actividad (ABA, exposición simultánea a restricción de alimento y acceso libre a una rueda de actividad) bajo dos condiciones de atenuación acústica por medio de un arreglo experimental diferente de las ruedas de actividad (estándar versus aislamiento) en el laboratorio. Independientemente de la condición de la atenuación del sonido, todos los animales con acceso a las ruedas de actividad menos una rata macho y otra hembra tuvieron que ser retirados del experimento, mientras que la condición de atenuación del sonido aumentó la resistencia a ABA. Además, los niveles de actividad de machos y hembras fueron significativamente inferiores en la condición de atenuación del sonido en la condición de aislamiento. Los resultados sugieren que la estimulación externa desempeña un papel en la actividad desplegada por las ratas expuestas a ABA, y que aunque la reducción de la estimulación externa disminuye la actividad no protege a los animales del desarrollo de ABAPreparation of manuscript and research reported was supported by grants from Xunta de Galicia, INCITE08PXIB211069PR, and the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España, PSI2008-01081/ PSIC and by the research budget of the Venres Clinicos Unit, of the University of Santiago de CompostelaS

Desarrollo de un modelo de investigación educativa basado en la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista

This article reflects on the application of Constructivist Grounded Theory in educational research.  The aim is to offer a model of educational research based on Constructivist Grounded Theory that can be replicated in future research in the field. Firstly, the perspective on which the whole study is based is presented, emphasizing the quality criteria in qualitative research and how they should be taken into account when carrying out the research design. In this sense, concrete guidelines are offered for the implementation of each of the criteria for future lines of research.  The research carried out —and which serves as a practical example— focuses on studying the processes that accompany Primary Education teachers in the self-awareness of their methodological perspective and its implementation in the classroom. For this purpose, a research has been designed which consists of four stages, based on the postulates of Grounded Theory, which are the collection of information, the organization, the analysis of the data and, finally, the development of the theory. The whole process is supported by the qualitative analysis software (CADQAS) Atlas.ti. Subsequently, the results obtained are presented, through the network of categories that pivot on the methodological perspective of the teachers, and the discussion about them. Finally, we conclude by showing the value that Constructivist Grounded Theory brings to research in education and the future lines of research on which to continue working in the future.El presente artículo reflexiona acerca de la aplicación de la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista en investigación educativa.  El objetivo del que se parte es ofrecer un modelo de investigación educativa basado en la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista, que sea replicable en futuras investigaciones en el campo. Primeramente, se presenta la perspectiva sobre la que sustenta todo el estudio realizado, haciendo hincapié en los criterios de calidad en investigación cualitativa y en cómo deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de realizar el diseño de investigación. En este sentido, se ofrecen pautas concretas de implementación de cada uno de los criterios de cara a futuras líneas de investigación.  La investigación realizada y que sirve como ejemplo práctico, se centra en estudiar los procesos que acompañan a maestros de Educación Primaria en la autoconciencia de su perspectiva metodológica y su la puesta en práctica dentro del aula. Para ello, se ha diseñado una investigación que consta de cuatro etapas, basadas en los postulados de la Teoría Fundamentada, que son: recogida de información, organización, análisis de los datos y el desarrollo de la teoría. Todo el proceso se apoya en el software de análisis cualitativo (CADQAS) Atlas.ti. Posteriormente se exponen los resultados obtenidos, a través de la red de categorías que pivotan sobre la perspectiva metodológica de los docentes, y la discusión sobre los mismos. Se concluye mostrando el valor que la Teoría Fundamentada Constructivista aporta a la investigación en educación y las futuras líneas de investigación sobre las que seguir trabajando en el futuro

How do teachers understand their vocation? Implications of the perceived vocation in the development of the teaching profession

El presente estudio explora cómo perciben las y los docentes la vocación docente, y si esta percepción influye o ha influido en su desarrollo profesional. A través de una investigación cualitativa partiendo de los testimonios de veinte maestros y maestras de Educación Primaria, recogidos a partir de entrevistas y narraciones escritas, se han identificado, utilizando la Teoría Fundamentada, los elementos que configuran el concepto de “vocación docente”. Los resultados incluyen la importancia tanto de la motivación como de la generatividad en el proceso de construcción de la vocación docente. Ambos conceptos tienen un papel muy importante a la hora de elegir la carrera y muestra una relación directa con la valoración de la profesión, con el orgullo de ejercer como docente, y con el desarrollo del autoconcepto y de la autoestima. La vocación docente es un constructo complejo y vivo, conformado por las experiencias personales previas, por la motivación interna y trascendente (o de ayuda). Además, se va transformando, a la vez que el deseo generativo se va haciendo realidad y se convierte en ejercicio generativo. Para que este ejercicio generativo sea satisfactorio, se necesita una formación específica en técnicas y habilidades docentes, pues sin ese tránsito no se puede dar respuesta a los retos de la sociedad actual.The present study explores how teachers perceive “teaching vocation,” and whether this perception influences or has influenced their professional development. Through a qualitative research based on the testimonies of twenty teachers of Primary Education, collected from interviews and written narratives, and using Grounded Theory, this work identifies the elements that make up the construct “teaching vocation.” Results show the importance of motivation and generativity in the construction of teaching vocation. Both concepts have an important role when choosing the teaching degree and, above all, show a direct relationship with the way the profession is valued, with the pride of exercising as a teacher, and with the development of self-concept and self-esteem. Teaching vocation is a complex and changing construct, conformed by previous personal experiences, by internal and transcendent (or helpful) motivation. In addition, it changes as the generative desire becomes a reality and turns into a generative exercise. In order for this generative exercise to be satisfactory, a specific preparation in teaching techniques and skills is needed, because without this process, one cannot respond to the set of challenges that today’s society poses