Un procedimiento nuevo para adaptar cualquier tipo de suelo para la construcción y consolidación de estructuras de tierra: Sistema de Tierra Proyectada

The “projected earth system” is put forward as an alternative construction method. The soil from each site is adapted following a specific protocol to make it suitable for spraying. The type of construction and the receiving surface determine the machinery and spraying system used (dry or wet mix). The result will be similar in texture and colour to the original material (in the case of earth walls) or to the surrounding material.Un procedimiento nuevo para adaptar cualquier tipo de suelo para la construcción y consolidación de estructuras de tierra: Sistema de Tierra Proyectada. Se plantea la “tierra proyectada” como nuevo sistema constructivo. Se adecuará la tierra de cada intervención con un protocolo para poder ser proyectada. El tipo de intervención y el soporte sobre el que se proyectará determinarán la maquinaria y el sistema de proyección (vía seca o húmeda). El resultado tendrá similar textura y color que el soporte restaurado (en muros de tierra) o que el material del entorno (en taludes carreteros u obras de tierra de nueva construcción)

Genealogical data of Boer and Nubian goats in Mexico

The pedigree file of the Boer and Nubian goat breeds in Mexico was constructed using the national database provided by the Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Caprino de Registro. Field technicians routinely updated the goat national database by recording information from flocks participating in the performance-recording system. Information on animal identification number, parents, birth date, sex, breed, and farm of origin were used to undertake pedigree analyses using the ENDOG program (version 4.8). This paper presents a pedigree data file, tables and figures of characteristics of pedigree data, pedigree analyses, pedigree integrity, effective population size and genetic conservation index. The data can be used to estimate other population parameters, to monitor the genetic diversity of the Boer and Nubian goat breeds in Mexico, and also to design balanced breeding programs, maintaining genetic variation at reasonable levels and maximizing genetic progress in these populations.202

Estimación de los costes de construcción de viviendas rústicas mediante Redes Neuronales Artificiales

The Public Administration and the private developer seek to have a prior knowledge of the costs of any building. There are numerous methodologies in the literature that allow the real estate valuation of a property, but it has always been done for urban houses in large or medium-sized cities. This research proposes the use of Artificial Intelligence for the study of rustic houses in small cities such as Caceres (Spain). The research proposes a procedure of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to achieve on the one hand, to estimate, through an automatic method, the construction cost of rustic houses and, on the other hand, to identify the most determining attributes in its final price and its marginal weight. The designed ANN establishes as more influential variables in the final price of the property the wet spaces (bathrooms and kitchen), the constructed surface and the age in this order, differentiating themselves from the most determining variables in the price of urban houses in large or medium-sized cities that are the constructed surface and its location.La Administración Pública y el promotor privado buscan tener un conocimiento previo de los costes de cualquier edificación. Existen en la literatura numerosas metodologías que permiten realizar la valoración de un inmueble, pero siempre se ha realizado para viviendas urbanas en ciudades grandes o medianas. Esta investigación propone el uso de Inteligencia Artificial para el estudio de viviendas rústicas en pequeñas ciudades como la de Cáceres (España). La investigación propone un procedimiento de Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) para conseguir por un lado estimar a través de un método automático el coste de construcción de la vivienda rústica y por otro, identificar los atributos más determinantes en su precio final. La RNA diseñada establece como variables más influyentes en el precio final del inmueble los espacios húmedos (baños y cocina), la superficie construida y la antigüedad por este orden, diferenciándose de las variables más determinantes en el precio de las viviendas urbanas en grandes o medianas ciudades que son la superficie construida y su ubicación

Prosthetic rehabilitation of an edentulous cleft palate using a denture with a palatal obturator: a clinical report

A cleft palate is a genetic disorder that occurs when an oro-nasal communication is present between the palate and the base of the nose. During pregnancy, the maxillary is not completely merged, and the defect is only seen at birth. Possible causes are hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, infections, radiation during pregnancy, alcohol or cigarette consumption, the ingestion of other teratogenic substances by the mother, and heredity. The resulting defect requires corrective surgery. In the case of a cleft palate, surgery is postponed until after the first year of life to avoid disturbing the normal development of speech and the risk of aspiration of food, which causes infections such as otitis and pneumonia. Ear infections can harm the development of speech in cases where surgery is not possible or the defect has reappeared. This article describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a edentulous patient: a woman of 53 years old with a cleft palate who was treated surgically. In a clinical examination, a residual palatal defect was identified. The prosthetic rehabilitation involved the emplacement of a complete adapted prosthesis, using a palatal obturator, with a view to sealing the defect and allowing the patient to acquire better speech quality, and improve her nutrition and well-being

The technique of underpinning with micropiles in conserving a compacted earth wall using "tapial-technic"

Durante el proceso de ejecución de un aparcamiento público subterráneo en la ciudad de Granada (España) se descubrió una obra de ingeniería hidráulica periurbana de 55 m de longitud con tres tajamares (declarado BIC en el 2007) ligado a la margen izquierda del río Genil. Se detectaron tres fases constructivas, muro monolítico (s. XI), tapia real (s. XII-XIII) y una reparación posterior (s. XIX) a base de cajones de mampostería con machones e hiladas de ladrillo. Para la conservación de este elemento en su posición original se ejecutaron: micropilotes verticales en su perímetro; otros horizontales en su base; viga riostra de encepado y bulones con barra Gewi pasantes a la viga de arriostramiento. Durante la excavación, se ejecutó un entramado de perfiles metálicos laminados «L» soldados entre sí y a los micropilotes. El elemento está totalmente integrado en la obra subterránea y en el entorno del Paseo del Violón.In this paper, the discovery of a peri-urban work of hydraulic engineering is presented. A wall-dike was found during the excavation for an underground public parking on the left bank of the Genil River in Granada city (Spain). Those consist in a compacted earth wall (using “Tapial-technic”) of 55 m length with three cutwaters. Three different construction methodologies were detected in the wall-dike: monolithic-wall (s. XI), royal wall (s. XII-XIII) and contemporary reparation (s. XIX). These elements were conserved in the original position with the help of the micropiles technique. The consolidation stages were as follows: vertical micropiles in its perimeter; horizontals micropiles in the base of the wall; brace beam and thought bolts with Gewi rod. After the digging, also, laminated metal sections with an “L” were welded together and to vertical micropiles. That element is fully integrated with both underground construction and its environment, “Paseo del Violón”.Queremos agradecer la colaboración de las empresas Ges-pad-Al-Andalus.S.L. y SITE S.A

Monitoring of hepatitis E virus in zoo animals from Spain, 2007–2021

Hepatitis E virus (HEV, family Hepeviridae) is an important emerging and zoonotic pathogen. In recent decades, the number of human cases of zoonotic hepatitis E has increased considerably in industrialized countries and HEV has been detected in an expanding range of mammal species. Although domestic pigs and wild boar are considered the main reservoirs of zoonotic HEV genotypes, the role of other susceptible animals in the epidemiology of the virus is still poorly understood. A large-scale, long-term study was carried out (1) to assess HEV exposure in captive zoo animals in Spain and (2) to determine the dynamics of seropositivity in individuals that were sampled longitudinally during the study period. Between 2007 and 2021, serum samples from 425 zoo animals belonging to 109 animal species (including artiodactyls, carnivores, perissodactyls, proboscideans and rodents) were collected from 11 different zoological parks in Spain. Forty-six of these animals at seven of these zoos were also longitudinally sampled. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 36 (8.5%; 95% CI: 5.8–11.1) of 425 sampled zoo animals. Specific antibodies against HEV-3 and HEV-C1 antigens were confirmed in ELISA-positive animals using western blot assay. Two of 46 longitudinally surveyed animals seroconverted during the study period. Seropositivity was significantly higher in carnivores and perissodactyls than in artiodactyls, and also during the period 2012–2016 compared with 2007–2011. HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 262 animals that could be tested by RT-PCR. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first large-scale, long-term surveillance on HEV in different orders of zoo mammals. Our results indicate exposure to HEV-3 and HEV-C1 in zoo animals in Spain and confirm a widespread but not homogeneous spatiotemporal circulation of HEV in captive species in this country. Further studies are required to determine the role of zoo species, particularly carnivores and perissodactyls, in the epidemiology of HEV and to clarify the origins of infection in zoological parks

Impaired autophagic flux is associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress during the development of NAFLD

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.-- et al.The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in human and mouse hepatocytes during NAFLD. ER stress and autophagy markers were analyzed in livers from patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatosis (NAS) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared with livers from subjects with histologically normal liver, in livers from mice fed with chow diet (CHD) compared with mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and in primary and Huh7 human hepatocytes loaded with palmitic acid (PA). In NASH patients, significant increases in hepatic messenger RNA levels of markers of ER stress (activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)) and autophagy (BCN1) were found compared with NAS patients. Likewise, protein levels of GRP78, CHOP and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) autophagic substrate were significantly elevated in NASH compared with NAS patients. In livers from mice fed with HFD or MCD, ER stress-mediated signaling was parallel to the blockade of the autophagic flux assessed by increases in p62, microtubule-associated protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3-II)/LC3-I ratio and accumulation of autophagosomes compared with CHD fed mice. In Huh7 hepatic cells, treatment with PA for 8 h triggered activation of both unfolding protein response and the autophagic flux. Conversely, prolonged treatment with PA (24 h) induced ER stress and cell death together with a blockade of the autophagic flux. Under these conditions, cotreatment with rapamycin or CHOP silencing ameliorated these effects and decreased apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that the autophagic flux is impaired in the liver from both NAFLD patients and murine models of NAFLD, as well as in lipid-overloaded human hepatocytes, and it could be due to elevated ER stress leading to apoptosis. Consequently, therapies aimed to restore the autophagic flux might attenuate or prevent the progression of NAFLD.We acknowledge the following grant support: SAF2012-33283 (MINECO, Spain), Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD-2423, EFSD and Amylin Paul Langerhans Grant and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain) to AMV.; SAF2010-16037, SAF2013-43713-R (MINECO) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD, ISCIII) to PMS. RD12/0042/0019 (ISCIII) and S2010/BMD-2478 (Comunidad de Madrid) to LB, PI 13/01299 and Fundación Mutua Madrileña 2012 to C G-M and AIRC IG-2012 to GMF.Peer Reviewe

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (49)

Sumario : El método Doppler y la estrella Próxima Centauri.-- Las estrellas ¡laten!.-- Dinámica de los sistemas planetarios.-- FRBs: fuentes transitorias sin un origen claro.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. El proyecto CALIFA.-- CIENCIA EN HISTORIAS...Maria Assumpció Catalá i Poch.-- EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Emilio J. Alfaro (IAA).-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES...Brexit, ¿ejemplo de incultura científica?.-- SALA LIMPIA.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES. Puntos brillantes en la superficie del Sol.La página web de esta revista ha sido financiada por la Sociedad Española de Astronomía (SEA).N

Analizying MOOCs from an educational perspective in Spain

ABSTRACT: This article is the result of a Teaching Innovation Project funded by the University of Cantabria’s Vice-Rectorate for Teaching Staff. Its goals are to analyze the phenomenon of MOOCs with pedagogical criteria and to develop a Best Practice Guide. The project was developed by the Universities of Cantabria and Oviedo, all the work was divided into three phases: 1) Theoretical review and the design of classroom activities, 2) The implementation of classroom activities and analysis of the main results and 3) The development of a MOOC Best Practice Guide. The results of the second phase at the University of Cantabria are presented here. They demonstrate the need to introduce these massive open online courses into degree programmes in Education, updating higher education studies and providing valuable knowledge for understanding the educational potential (not just technological or financial) of this online training