The personalization, circulation, impact and reception in Twitter of Macron's 17/04/18 speech to the European Parliament

El 17 de abril de 2018, el presidente francés Emmanuel Macron en el Pleno del Parlamento Europeo en Estrasburgo, apeló al “renacimiento de la soberanía europea”. Este artículo analiza las funciones atribuidas a la red social preferida para el debate y la discusión política: Twitter. Atiende a la distribución de la información, el impacto de la propia red social en la modificación de la agenda pública, la personalización de la transmisión del discurso político en redes sociales, así como los nuevos hábitos de consumo de discursos políticos, específicamente en el contexto de Twitter. Los resultados muestran que: 1) los corresponsales tienen impacto en una fase descriptiva hacia las audiencias nacionales pero menos en el incipiente espacio transnacional donde otros activistas pueden lanzar mensajes directamente a sus audiencias; 2) la falta de una estrategia comunicativa común de las instituciones de la UE, les hizo fracasar al intentar establecer la agenda setting a través de hashtags sin éxito; 3) Macron es un actor político transnacional en Europa, cuya personalización política le hace capaz de comunicar a través de espacios públicos fragmentados; 4) El contenido de los mensajes pasa muy rápidamente de una aproximación descriptiva a una de creación de marcos.On April, 17th 2018, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, in the Plenary of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, appealed to the “renaissance of European sovereignty”. The article analyzes the functions attributed to the preferred social network for debate and political discussion, Twitter, focusing essentially on: the distribution of information, the impact of the social network on the modification of the public agenda, the personalization of the transmission of political discourses in social networks, as well as new habits of political consumption specifically, in the context of Twitter. The results show that: 1) journalists have a key role in the descriptive phase towards national publics but a less salient one in the emerging transnational sphere where political actors target their own publics directly; 2) EU institutions failed to try to set the agenda setting through hashtags without success; 3) Macron is a transnational political actor capable of communicating through fragmented public spaces; 4) The content of the messages passes very quickly from a descriptive to a framing approach

European Actors and Disinformation: the dispute between fact-checking, alternative agendas and geopolitics

El referéndum del Brexit es un buen ejemplo de la especial vulnerabilidad del proyecto europeo ante la desinformación. Por ello las instituciones han desarrollado una serie de iniciativas durante 2018 para definir una estrategia europea contra la desinformación que enfatiza la responsabilidad de las redes sociales en la denuncia de los contenidos falsos. Además, ante la debilidad de la esfera pública europea, las instituciones europeas apoyan la creación de redes europeas de fact checkers. Esta estrategia implica la denuncia de las mentiras en lugar de una de creación de marcos alternativos, lo que autores como Lakoff (2004) consideran un error desde la perspectiva del framing. Empíricamente demostramos mediante un análisis de las principales redes de actores en este asunto (académicos, fundaciones, think tanks, medios, plataformas de redes sociales y fact checkers) que existe una disputa para definir la mejor forma de combatir la desinformación a escala europeaThe Brexit referendum is a good example of the particular vulnerability of the European project when fighting disinformation. Therefore, EU institutions have developed a series of initiatives throughout 2018 to define a European strategy to counter disinformation that emphasizes the responsibility of social networks in reporting false content. In addition, given the weakness of the European public sphere, the European institutions support the creation of European networks of fact checkers. This strategy implies the denunciation of lies, rather than the promotion of alternative interpretive frames, which authors like Lakoff (2004) consider an error from a framing point of view. Empirically, we demonstrate through an analysis of the main networks of actors on this matter (academics, foundations, think tanks, media, social network platforms and fact checkers) that there is a dispute to define the best way to combat disinformation at the European leve

Endoperiodontal lesions: diagnosis first, then treatment and not always tooth extraction: a cross-sectional survey in Spain and a proposal of a clinical treatment protocol

Background: Endoperiodontal lesion (EPL) is defined as a pathological communication between pulpal and periodontal tissues. Currently, accurate diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are challenging. This study aims to identify the different endoperiodontal therapies to propose a clinical protocol to simplify and unify the criteria for EPL treatment. Material and Methods: Observational cross-sectional study through an electronic survey. This study matches STROBE guidelines. The anonymous questionnaire contained open-ended and close-ended questions and was distributed to dentistry professors of the UPV/EHU and different professionals from Spanish associations and scientific societies. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: A total of 128 responses were obtained, of which 120 were active professionals or had not been so for less than 5 years. The majority of professionals were women (65.6%) and from the Basque Country (63.9%). A total of 86.6% reported having complementary studies to a degree or a bachelor’s degree. The treatments performed by these professionals were similar to those reported in the literature, which started with root canal treatment when there was an endodontic origin (91.5%), and with basic periodontal treatment when periodontal (51.3%). Conclusions: Considering the current scientific evidence and the clinical practice of professionals in the treatment of EPL, we designed a clinical protocol. This protocol needs validation in larger populations and with longer follow-ups

CRISPR-ERA for Switching Off (Onco) Genes

Genome-editing nucleases like the popular CRISPR/Cas9 enable the generation of knockout cell lines and null zygotes by inducing site-specific double-stranded breaks (DSBs) within a genome. In most cases, when a DNA template is not present, the DSB is repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), resulting in small nucleotide insertions or deletions that can be used to construct knockout alleles. However, for several reasons, these mutations do not produce the desired null result in all cases, instead generating a similar protein with functional activity. This undesirable effect could limit the therapeutic efficiency of gene therapy strategies focused on abrogating oncogene expression by CRISPR/Cas9 and should be taken into account. This chapter reviews the irruption of CRISPR technology for gene silencing and its application in gene therapy

Influence of IFN-gamma and its receptors in human breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interferons are a group of proteins that trigger multiple responses including prevention of viral replication, inhibition of cell growth, and modulation of cell differentiation. In different mammary carcinoma cell lines IFNγ induces growth arrest at mid-G1. At the present there are no <it>in vivo </it>studies in human breast. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of IFNγ and its two receptors (IFNγ-Rα and IFNγ-Rβ) by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, in order to elucidate its role in the different types of human breast cancer (<it>in situ </it>and infiltrative).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Immunohistochemical and semiquantitative study of IFNγ, its receptors types (IFNγ-Rα and IFNγ-Rβ), cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, also named PCNA), and apoptosis (TUNEL method) was carried between the three breast groups (fibrocystic lesions, <it>in situ</it> tumors and infiltrating tumors).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the three groups of patients, IFNγ and IFNγ-Rα immunoreactions appeared in the cytoplasm while IFNγ-Rβ also was found in the nucleus. The optical density to IFNγ was higher in <it>in situ </it>carcinoma than in benign and infiltrating tumors. When we observed IFNγ-Rα, the optical density was lower in infiltrating carcinoma than in benign and <it>in situ </it>tumors (the higher density). To IFNγ-Rβ, the optical density was similar in the three group samples. In tumor samples PCNA and TUNEL index was significantly higher; than in benign diseases. PCNA index increased with the malignance. No significant differences were found between cancer types to TUNEL. IFNγ could be a potential therapeutic tool in breast cancer. However, tumor cells are able to escape from the control of this cytokine in the early tumor stages; this is probably due to a decreased expression of IFNγ, or also to an alteration of either its receptors or some transduction elements.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the decrease in the % positive samples that expressed IFNγ and IFNγ-Rα together with the nuclear localization of IFNγ-Rβ, could be a tumoral cell response, although perhaps insufficient to inhibit the uncontrolled cell proliferation. Perhaps, IFNγ might be unable to activate p21 to stop the cell cycle, suggesting a possible participation in breast cancer development.</p

Printing in Three Dimensions with Graphene

Responsive graphene oxide sheets form non‐covalent networks with optimum rheological properties for 3D printing. These networks have shear thinning behavior and sufficiently high elastic shear modulus (G′) to build self‐supporting 3D structures by direct write assembly. Drying and thermal reduction leads to ultra‐light graphene‐only structures with restored conductivity and elastomeric behavior

3D printable photochromic molecular materials for reversible information storage

The formulation of advanced molecular materials with bespoke polymeric ionic liquid matrices that stabilize and solubilize hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates and allow their processing by additive manufacturing, is effectively demonstrated. The unique photo and redox properties of nanostructured POMs are translated across the scales (from molecular design to functional materials) to yield macroscopic functional devices with reversible hotochromism. These properties open a range of potential applications including reversible information storage based on controled topological and temporal reduction/oxidation of pre-formed printed devices. This approach pushes the boundaries of 3D printing to the molecular limits, allowing us to couple the freedom of design enabled by 3D printing with the molecular tuneability of polymerizable ionic liquids and the photoactivity and orbital engineering possible with hybrid polyoxometalates

Sexual and reproductive rights youth San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México

Este trabajo reubica la discusión sobre los derechos de ciudadanía para comprender cómo quienes se reconocen jóvenes escogen, priorizan, organizan y reconstruyen el emergente discurso de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos para dar significado cultural a sus prácticas sexuales y reproductivas cotidianas, sumándose a la tarea de definir nuevos contenidos de la ciudadanía pero, sobre todo, nuevas fronteras de significado de la sexualidad. Se eligió producir siete relatos de vida de tipo etnosociológico y privilegiar el punto de vista de mujeres jóvenes involucradas en organizaciones de la sociedad civil que promueven los derechos sexuales y reproductivos desde y para jóvenes en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, en torno a su participación en estas acciones y a su biografía afectiva-sexual.Doctora en Ciencias Sociales y HumanísticasINTRODUCCIÓN..6; EL LUGAR..12; CAPÍTULO 1.CONSTRUCCIONISMO SOCIAL.ENFOQUE TEÓRICO Y CONCEPTUAL..17; SUPUESTOS BÁSICOS DEL CONSTRUCCIONISMO SOCIAL..17; CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA JUVENTUD.. 28; JÓVENES Y DIFERENCIA:LA EDAD Y EL GÉNERO COMO CATEGORÍAS DE DIFERENCIACIÓN Y DESIGUALDAD..32; LA EDAD..33; EL GÉNERO..34; CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA SEXUALIDAD..39; SEXUALIDAD JUVENIL:INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL EN CHIAPAS..43; ACERCA DE LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE JUVENTUD EN CHIAPAS..45; SOBRE EMBARAZO ADOLESCENTE..47; EL INICIO SEXUAL.. 48; VULNERABILIDADES..51; EMERGENCIA DE LA JUVENTUD INDÍGENA..55; CAPÍTULO 2.RELATOS DE VIDA:LA ESTRATEGIA METODOLÓGICA57 ENFOQUE CUALITATIVO.. 57; LAS ENTREVISTADAS..59; BIOGRAFÍAS SEXUALES-AFECTIVAS-ERÓTICAS..67; EL DISCURSO DE LOS DSRDE LAS Y LOS JÓVENES EN ALGUNAS OSCDE CHIAPAS..70; SISTEMATIZACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE DATOS CUALITATIVOS DESDE LA TEORÍA FUNDAMENTADA..75; CODIFICACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS..77; CAPÍTULO 3. JÓVENES Y MOVILIZACIÓN SOCIAL:EL CASO DE LOS DSR..88; ENFOQUES Y PERSPECTIVAS DE LA MOVILIZACIÓN SOCIAL..89; JÓVENES Y MOVILIZACIÓN SOCIAL..94; MOVILIZACIÓN SOCIAL DE LAS Y LOS JÓVENES EN CHIAPAS EN LA PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS..100; PARTICIPACIÓN EN PROGRAMAS DE SALUD SEXUAL Y REPRODUCTIVA GUBERNAMENTALES..102; PARTICIPACIÓN EN ORGANIZACIONES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL..104; EL TRABAJO CON JÓVENES EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL (OSC) EN CHIAPAS..107; OSCCON PROGRAMAS PARA JÓVENES EN CHIAPAS..112; CHILTAK,A.C. ..114; ALIANZA CÍVICA CHIAPAS..117; COLECTIVO DE ATENCIÓN PARA LA SALUD INTEGRAL DE LA FAMILIA A.C.(CIFAM) ..118; EL PUNTO, CENTRO DE JÓVENES..119; CAPÍTULO 4. CIUDADANÍA Y DERECHOS SEXUALES..122; NUEVOS RETOS DE LA CIUDADANÍA: DERECHOS SEXUALES COMO DERECHOS HUMANOS..132; NUEVOS DERECHOS DE CIUDADANÍA Y NUEVAS CIUDADANÍAS:CIUDADANÍA JUVENIL..144; CAPÍTULO 5 149 LAS ENTREVISTADAS:“ACTIVISTAS”EN OSCCON PROGRAMAS EN SEXUALIDAD Y SALUD REPRODUCTIVA PARA JÓVENES..149; NUEVOS NICHOS OCUPACIONALES Y NUEVOS PERFILES PROFESIONALES EN LAS OSCCON PROGRAMAS PARA JÓVENES..156; CAPÍTULO 6. CIUDADANÍA SEXUAL..168; APROPIACIÓN DE LOS DSYREN EL MARCO DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN ORGANIZACIONES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL..173; PROCESOS DE AUTORIZACIÓN DE SÍ..177; EL CAMBIO EN LA SECUENCIA NORMATIVA:UNIÓN,INICIO SEXUAL Y EMBARAZO.. 187; RELACIONES SEXUALES ANTES DEL MATRIMONIO..189; MIGRACIÓN AESPACIOS URBANOS..193; SALIDA DEL HOGAR PATERNO Y LA INDEPENDENCIA ECONÓMICA.. 196; RELACIONES DE GÉNERO Y NOVIAZGO..199; OTRAS CIUDADANÍAS..202; EPÍLOGO: NUEVAS FRONTERAS DE SIGNIFICADO,NUEVOS DERECHOS Y NUEVAS CIUDADANÍAS..209; ANEXOS..216; GUÍA 1: PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS.. 216; GUÍA 2: TRAYECTORIAS SEXUALES..218; GUÍA 3:EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL.. 221; TABLA SINÓPTICA DE LOS DISPOSITIVOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL DATO DURANTE EL TRABAJO DE CAMPO..223; BIBLIOGRAFÍA..22