Tuberculosis en ovino: epidemiología, patología y evaluación de técnicas diagnósticas

5 páginas, 2 tablas, 1 figura.--Trabajo presentado al: XL Congreso Nacional y el XVI Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. (Castellón de la Plana, España, 16-18 septiembre 2015).Peer Reviewe

BFL1 Modulates Apoptosis at the Membrane Level through a Bifunctional And Multimodal Mechanism Showing Key Differences With BCLXL

BFL1 is a relatively understudied member of the BCL2 protein family which has been implicated in the pathogenesis andchemoresistance of a variety of human cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumours. BFL1 is generallyconsidered to have an antiapoptotic function, although its precise mode of action remains unclear. By quantitativelyanalyzing BFL1 action in synthetic membrane models and in cells, we found that BFL1 inhibits apoptosis through threedistinct mechanisms which are similar but not identical to those of BCLXL, the paradigmatic antiapoptotic BCL2 familyprotein. Strikingly, alterations in lipid composition during apoptosis activate a prodeath function of BFL1 that is based onnoncanonical oligomerization of the protein and breaching of the permeability barrier of the outer mitochondrial membrane(OMM). This lipid-triggered prodeath function of BFL1 is absent in BCLXL and also differs from that of the apoptoticeffector BAX, which sets it apart from other BCL2 family members. Ourfindings support a new model in which BFL1modulates apoptosis through a bifunctional and multimodal mode of action that is distinctly regulated by OMM lipidscompared to BCLXL.This work was supported by Grants BFU2011-28566 from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and IT838-13 from Gobierno Vasco. HFR is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion (Spain). We also thank to LE facility technician in the Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience for the support in STED experiments. Finally, we thank Dr. Frank Essmann and Prof. Klaus Schulze-Osthoff for providing the HCT116 BAX/BAK DKO cells and Prof. Jean Claude Martinou for HCT116 CL KO cells

Pores Formed by Baxα5 Relax to a Smaller Size and Keep at Equilibrium

AbstractPores made by amphipathic cationic peptides (e.g., antimicrobials and fragments of pore-forming proteins) are typically studied by examining the kinetics of vesicle leakage after peptide addition or obtaining structural measurements in reconstituted peptide-lipid systems. In the first case, the pores have been considered transient phenomena that allow the relaxation of the peptide-membrane system. In the second, they correspond to equilibrium structures at minimum free energy. Here we reconcile both approaches by investigating the pore activity of the α5 fragment from the proapoptotic protein Bax (Baxα5) before and after equilibrium of peptide/vesicle complexes. Quenching assays on suspensions of large unilamellar vesicles suggest that in the presence of Baxα5, the vesicles maintain a leaky state for hours under equilibrium conditions. We proved and analyzed stable pores on single giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) in detail by monitoring the entrance of dyes added at different times after incubation with the peptide. When the GUVs came in contact with Baxα5, leakage started stochastically, was delayed for various periods of time, and in the majority of cases proceeded rapidly to completion. After hours in the presence of the peptide, the same individual GUVs that refilled completely at first instance maintained a porated state, which could be observed in subsequent leak-in events for serially added dyes. However, these long-term pores were smaller in size than the initial equilibration pores. Stable pores were also detected in GUVs made in the presence of Baxα5. The latter pores can be considered equilibrium states and may correspond to structures measured previously in bilayer stacks. Although pore formation may occur as a kinetic process, equilibrium pores may also be functionally relevant structures, especially in highly regulated systems such as the apoptotic mitochondrial pores induced by Bax

Integración de dispositivos de salud personal en la plataforma de telecuidado para diabetes PERSONA

La plataforma de telecuidado PERSONA se ha desarrollado en el marco del CIBER-BBN y tiene por objetivo soportar el autocuidado diario de pacientes con diabetes tipo 1. La plataforma proporciona acceso a herramientas de soporte a la decisión, de procesado automático de la información, de monitorización de las variables que afectan a la enfermedad y facilita la comunicación entre los agentes involucrados en el cuidado del paciente. La integración de dispositivos médicos interoperables es un requisito principal de la plataforma PERSONA. En este trabajo presentamos las soluciones adoptadas en cuanto a la integración de dispositivos médicos y analizamos las características de los protocolos de comunicación inalámbrica de los dispositivos considerados y los recursos necesarios para la comunicación con dispositivos móviles de telefonía

MERLIN: a novel BRET-based proximity biosensor for studying mitochondria–ER contact sites

The contacts between the ER and mitochondria play a key role in cellular functions such as the exchange of lipids and calcium between both organelles, as well as in apoptosis and autophagy signaling. The molecular architecture and spatiotemporal regulation of these distinct contact regions remain obscure and there is a need for new tools that enable tackling these questions. Here, we present a new bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensor for the quantitative analysis of distances between the ER and mitochondria that we call MERLIN (Mitochondria-ER Length Indicator Nanosensor). The main advantages of MERLIN compared with available alternatives are that it does not rely on the formation of artificial physical links between the two organelles, which could lead to artifacts, and that it allows to study contact site reversibility and dynamics. We show the applicability of MERLIN by characterizing the role of the mitochondrial dynamics machinery on the contacts of this organelle with the ER.We thank Peter McCormick for helpful advice and discussion and Carolin Stegmuller, Sabine Schafer, Iris Koch, Maria Zarani, Astrid Schauss, Christian Jungst, Felix Babatz, and Marina Nikolova for technical support. This work has been partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR2036 GA1641/2-1 and GA1641/2-2) and the European Research Council (StG 309966)

The mycotoxin phomoxanthone A disturbs the form and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles with crucial functions in the generation and distribution of ATP, the buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ and the initiation of apoptosis. Compounds that interfere with these functions are termed mitochondrial toxins, many of which are derived from microbes, such as antimycin A, oligomycin A, and ionomycin. Here, we identify the mycotoxin phomoxanthone A (PXA), derived from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis longicolla, as a mitochondrial toxin. We show that PXA elicits a strong release of Ca2+ from the mitochondria but not from the ER. In addition, PXA depolarises the mitochondria similarly to protonophoric uncouplers such as CCCP, yet unlike these, it does not increase but rather inhibits cellular respiration and electron transport chain activity. The respiration-dependent mitochondrial network structure rapidly collapses into fragments upon PXA treatment. Surprisingly, this fragmentation is independent from the canonical mitochondrial fission and fusion mediators DRP1 and OPA1, and exclusively affects the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to cristae disruption, release of pro-apoptotic proteins, and apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that PXA is a mitochondrial toxin with a novel mode of action that might prove a useful tool for the study of mitochondrial ion homoeostasis and membrane dynamics

Pfeiffer syndrome. A case report

[ES]El síndrome de Pfeiffer (SP) es una enfermedad genética rara, descrita por Peiffer en 1964, que cursa con craneosinostosis, hipoplasia medio facial, sindactilia y pulgares gruesos con un amplio rango de severidad. Presentamos un caso, con revisión de la literatura. La obstrucción de la vía aérea superior en relación con la hipoplasia medio facial es una complicación frecuente en los casos graves, que debe valorarse y tratarse de manera precoz. [EN] Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) is a rare genetical disorder, originally described by Pfeiffer in 1964, and is characterized by craniosynostosis, regressed midface, syndactyly of hands and feet, and broad thumbs and big toes, with a wide range of variable severity. We report a case with a review of literature. Obstruction of the upper airway in relation to the midface hypoplasia is a frequent complication in severe cases to be assessed and treated early

Structure-Guided Approach for the Development of MUC1-Glycopeptide-Based Cancer Vaccines with Predictable Responses

Mucin-1 (MUC1) glycopeptides are exceptional candidates for potential cancer vaccines. However, their autoantigenic nature often results in a weak immune response. To overcome this drawback, we carefully engineered synthetic antigens with precise chemical modifications. To be effective and stimulate an anti-MUC1 response, artificial antigens must mimic the conformational dynamics of natural antigens in solution and have an equivalent or higher binding affinity to anti-MUC1 antibodies than their natural counterparts. As a proof of concept, we have developed a glycopeptide that contains noncanonical amino acid (2S,3R)-3-hydroxynorvaline. The unnatural antigen fulfills these two properties and effectively mimics the threonine-derived antigen. On the one hand, conformational analysis in water shows that this surrogate explores a landscape similar to that of the natural variant. On the other hand, the presence of an additional methylene group in the side chain of this analog compared to the threonine residue enhances a CH/π interaction in the antigen/antibody complex. Despite an enthalpy–entropy balance, this synthetic glycopeptide has a binding affinity slightly higher than that of its natural counterpart. When conjugated with gold nanoparticles, the vaccine candidate stimulates the formation of specific anti-MUC1 IgG antibodies in mice and shows efficacy comparable to that of the natural derivative. The antibodies also exhibit cross-reactivity to selectively target, for example, human breast cancer cells. This investigation relied on numerous analytical (e.g., NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography) and biophysical techniques and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the antigen–antibody interactions. This workflow streamlines the synthetic process, saves time, and reduces the need for extensive, animal-intensive immunization procedures. These advances underscore the promise of structure-based rational design in the advance of cancer vaccine development

Serum amyloid a1/toll-like receptor-4 Axis, an important link between inflammation and outcome of TBI patients

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability world-wide without any validated biomarker or set of biomarkers to help the diagnosis and evaluation of the evolution/prognosis of TBI patients. To achieve this aim, a deeper knowledge of the biochemical and pathophysiological processes triggered after the trauma is essential. Here, we identified the serum amyloid A1 protein-Toll-like receptor 4 (SAA1-TLR4) axis as an important link between inflammation and the outcome of TBI patients. Using serum and mRNA from white blood cells (WBC) of TBI patients, we found a positive correlation between serum SAA1 levels and injury severity, as well as with the 6-month outcome of TBI patients. SAA1 levels also correlate with the presence of TLR4 mRNA in WBC. In vitro, we found that SAA1 contributes to inflammation via TLR4 activation that releases inflammatory cytokines, which in turn increases SAA1 levels, establishing a positive proinflammatory loop. In vivo, post-TBI treatment with the TLR4-antagonist TAK242 reduces SAA1 levels, improves neurobehavioral outcome, and prevents blood–brain barrier disruption. Our data support further evaluation of (i) post-TBI treatment in the presence of TLR4 inhibition for limiting TBI-induced damage and (ii) SAA1-TLR4 as a biomarker of injury progression in TBI patientsThis work was supported by grants from Fundación Mutua Madrileña and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) (ISCIII/FEDER) (Programa Miguel Servet CP14/00008; CPII19/00005; PI16/00735; PI19/00082) to JE, RYC2019-026870-I to JMR and PI18/01387 to A

Comisión de plan de estudios de la titulación de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicaciones, especialidad en Sonido e Imagen de la EPS

La red docente de la Comisión de plan de estudios de la titulación de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación, especialidad en Sonido e Imagen de la EPS ha realizado durante el curso 2007/08 un estudio de los objetivos y competencias del futuro título de grado, así como el análisis y diseño de la posible estructura en bloques y asignaturas obligatorias en la que se podría distribuir dicho título. El estudio toma como base los resultados obtenidos en redes de cursos anteriores (ver memoria de redes 2005/06 y 2006/07), las cuales estaban orientadas al diseño curricular dentro del marco de los créditos ECTS para la convergencia al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, y sobre todo, se basa en la experiencia de los propios participantes en trabajos o redes previas. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es el diseño curricular del futuro título de grado en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación en Sonido e Imagen, directamente relacionada con la actual Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación, especialidad en Sonido e Imagen, que se imparte en la Universidad de Alicante. Para ello se han seguido las pautas generales establecidas por el Real Decreto de ordenación de Enseñanzas Universitarias Oficiales (BOE, 30 de octubre de 2007), así como otros documentos elaborados por el Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Técnicos de Telecomunicación y la Comisión de Universidades de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación