A neurodesign proposal from Kansei-Chisei engineering applied to automobiles

La presente investigación se enmarca dentro de la línea de investigación de innovación metodológica en los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de productos industriales, con enfoque en el usuario, con el objetivo de la formulación de una metodología de diseño emocional para el sector del automóvil, que toma como base la unión de la Ingeniería Kansei con la Neurociencia, permitiendo así incorporar las emociones de los usuarios como factor imprescindible en el proceso de diseño. Esta propuesta participa en la ampliación del concepto de ergonomía aplicada a productos y a entornos de trabajo, la cual ha evolucionado desde los conceptos de ergonomía clásica o ergonomía física hacia otros ámbitos relacionados con la incorporación e interacción emocional y racional del diseño. El objetivo final de la Ingeniería Kansei Chisei es establecer la relación entre emoción, razón y propiedades vehículo, de tal manera que los resultados puedan ser utilizados para mejorar el confort y la eficiencia del producto.This research is framed within the line of research of methodological innovation in the processes of design and development of industrial products, with a focus on the user, with the aim of formulating a methodology of emotional design for the automotive sector, which takes as its basis the union of Kansei Engineering with Neuroscience, thus allowing to incorporate the emotions of users as an essential factor in the design process. This proposal participates in the extension of the concept of ergonomics applied to products and work environments, which has evolved from the concepts of classic ergonomics or physical ergonomics to other areas related to the incorporation and emotional and rational interaction of design. The final objective of Kansei Chisei Engineering is to establish the relationship between emotion, reason and vehicle properties, in such a way that the results can be used to improve the comfort and efficiency of the product

Tumor promoting effects of CD95 signaling in chemoresistant cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>CD95 is a death receptor controlling not only apoptotic pathways but also activating mechanisms promoting tumor growth. During the acquisition of chemoresistance to oxaliplatin there is a progressive loss of CD95 expression in colon cancer cells and a decreased ability of this receptor to induce cell death. The aim of this study was to characterize some key cellular responses controlled by CD95 signaling in oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We show that CD95 triggering results in an increased metastatic ability in resistant cells. Moreover, oxaliplatin treatment itself stimulates cell migration and decreases cell adhesion through CD95 activation, since CD95 expression inhibition by siRNA blocks the promigratory effects of oxaliplatin. These promigratory effects are related to the epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon, as evidenced by the up-regulation of some transcription factors and mesenchymal markers both <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that oxaliplatin treatment in cells that have acquired resistance to oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis results in tumor-promoting effects through the activation of CD95 signaling and by inducing EMT, all these events jointly contributing to a metastatic phenotype.</p

Vascular and cognitive effects of cocoa-rich chocolate in postmenopausal women: a study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Introduction The intake of polyphenols has certain health benefits. This study will aim to assess the effect of adding a daily amount of chocolate high in cocoa content and polyphenols to the normal diet on blood pressure, vascular function, cognitive performance, quality of life and body composition in postmenopausal women. Methods and analysis Here we plan a randomised clinical trial with two parallel groups involving a total of 140 women between 50 and 64 years in the postmenopausal period, defined by amenorrhoea of at least 12 consecutive months. The main variable will be the change in blood pressure. Secondary variables will be changes in vascular function, quality of life, cognitive performance and body composition. The intervention group will be given chocolate containing 99% cocoa, with instructions to add 10 g daily to their normal diet for 6 months. The daily nutritional contribution of this amount of chocolate is 59 kcal and 65.4 mg of polyphenols. There will be no intervention in the control group. All variables will be measured at the baseline visit and 3 and 6 months after randomisation, except cognitive performance and quality of life, which will only be assessed at baseline and at 6 months. Recruitment is scheduled to begin on 1 June 2018, and the study will continue until 31 May 2019. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Health Area of Salamanca, Spain (‘CREC of Health Area of Salamanca’), in February 2018. A SPIRIT checklist is available for this protocol. The clinical trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials. gov provided by the US National Library of Medicine, number NCT03492983. The results will be disseminated through open access peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, broadcast media and a presentation to stakeholders.Gerencia Regional de Castilla y León (GRS 1583/B/1

Long-Term Effectiveness of a Smartphone App and a Smart Band on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamic Parameters in a Population with Overweight and Obesity (Evident 3 Study): Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: mHealth technologies could help to improve cardiovascular health; however, their effect on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic parameters has not been explored to date. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a mHealth intervention, at 3 and 12 months, on arterial stiffness and central hemodynamic parameters in a sedentary population with overweight and obesity. Methods: Randomised controlled clinical trial (Evident 3 study). 253 subjects were included: 127 in the intervention group (IG) and 126 in the control group (CG). The IG subjects were briefed on the use of the Evident 3 app and a smart band (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi) for 3 months to promote healthy lifestyles. All measurements were recorded in the baseline visit and at 3 and 12 months. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and the central hemodynamic parameters were measured using a SphigmoCor System® device, whereas the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) were measured using a VaSera VS-2000® device. Results: Of the 253 subjects who attended the initial visit, 237 (93.7%) completed the visit at 3 months of the intervention, and 217 (85.3%) completed the visit at 12 months of the intervention. At 12 months, IG showed a decrease in peripheral augmentation index (PAIx) (−3.60; 95% CI −7.22 to −0.00) and ejection duration (ED) (−0.82; 95% CI −1.36 to −0.27), and an increase in subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) (5.31; 95% CI 1.18 to 9.44). In CG, cfPWV decreased at 3 months (−0.28 m/s; 95% CI −0.54 to −0.02) and at 12 months (−0.30 m/s, 95% CI −0.54 to −0.05), central diastolic pressure (cDBP) decreased at 12 months (−1.64 mm/Hg; 95% CI −3.19 to −0.10). When comparing the groups we found no differences between any variables analyzed. Conclusions: In sedentary adults with overweight or obesity, the multicomponent intervention (Smartphone app and an activity-tracking band) for 3 months did not modify arterial stiffness or the central hemodynamic parameters, with respect to the control group. However, at 12 months, CG presented a decrease of cfPWV and cDBP, whereas IG showed a decrease of PAIx and ED and an increase of SEVR

Combined use of smartphone and smartband technology in the improvement of lifestyles in the adult population over 65 years: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial (EVIDENT-Age study)

Background The increasing use of smartphones by older adults also increases their potential for improving different aspects of health in this population. Some studies have shown promising results in the improvement of cognitive performance through lifestyle modification. All this may have a broad impact on the quality of life and carrying out daily living activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combining the use of smartphone and smartband technology for 3 months with brief counseling on life habits, as opposed to providing counseling only, in increasing physical activity and improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Secondary objectives are to assess the effect of the intervention on body composition, quality of life, independence in daily living activities and cognitive performance. Methods This study is a two-arm cluster-randomized trial that will be carried out in urban health centers in Spain. We will recruit 160 people aged between 65 and 80 without cardiovascular disease or cognitive impairment (score in the Mini-mental State Examination ≥24). On a visit to their center, intervention group participants will be instructed to use a smartphone application for a period of 3 months. This application integrates information on physical activity received from a fitness bracelet and self-reported information on the patient’s daily nutritional composition. The primary outcome will be the change in the number of steps measured by accelerometer. Secondary variables will be adherence to the Mediterranean diet, sitting time, body composition, quality of life, independence in daily living activities and cognitive performance. All variables will be measured at baseline and on the assessment visit after 3 months. A telephone follow-up will be carried out at 6 months to collect self-reported data regarding physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Discussion Preventive healthy aging programs should include health education with training in nutrition and lifestyles, while stressing the importance of and enhancing physical activity; the inclusion of new technologies can facilitate these goals. The EVIDENT-AGE study will incorporate a simple, accessible intervention with potential implementation in the care of older adults.This study was supported in part by grants funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)-IBY17/00003, and the Spanish Research Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion in Primary Care (REDIAPP)-RD16/0007

Androgen receptor and its splicing variant 7 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in circulating tumor cells in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains crucial in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Since it is also essential in immune cells, we studied whether the expression of AR full-length (ARFL) and its splicing variant ARV7 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) predicts systemic treatment response in mCRPC in comparison with circulating-tumor cells (CTC). We measured ARFL and ARV7 mRNA in PBMC and CTC from patients prior to receiving abiraterone (AA), enzalutamide (E), or taxanes by a pre-amplification plus quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. They were also tested in LNCaP-ARV7-transfected and in 22RV1 docetaxel-resistant (22RV1DR) cells. We studied 171 PBMC from 136 patients and from 24 non-cancer controls, and 47 CTC from 22 patients. High PBMC ARV7 levels correlated with worse AA/E and better taxane response. In taxane-treated patients high PBMC ARFL also correlated with longer progression-free survival (PFS). High ARV7 and ARFL expression were independently associated with better biochemical-PFS. Conversely, high CTC ARV7 and ARFL correlated with shorter radiological-PFS and overall survival, respectively. High ARV7 in 22RV1DR and LNCaP-ARV7 cells correlated with taxane resistance. In conclusion, ARFL and ARV7 at PBMC or CTC have a different predictive role in the taxane response, suggesting a potential influence of the AR pathway from PBMC in such response modulation

Integración de un MOOC en enseñanza reglada de grado y máster

Memoria ID-0047. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Basophil-lineage commitment in acute promyelocytic leukemia predicts for severe bleeding after starting therapy

Severe hemorrhagic events occur in a significant fraction of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, either at presentation and/or early after starting therapy, leading to treatment failure and early deaths. However, identification of independent predictors for high-risk of severe bleeding at diagnosis, remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the immunophenotype of bone marrow leukemic cells from 109 newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients, particularly focusing on the identification of basophil-related features, and their potential association with severe bleeding episodes and patient overall survival. From all phenotypes investigated on leukemic cells, expression of the CD203c and/or CD22 basophil-associated markers showed the strongest association with the occurrence and severity of bleeding (p ≤ 0.007); moreover, aberrant expression of CD7, coexpression of CD34+/CD7+ and lack of CD71 was also more frequently found among patients with (mild and severe) bleeding at baseline and/or after starting treatment (p ≤ 0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that CD203c expression (hazard ratio: 26.4; p = 0.003) and older age (hazard ratio: 5.4; p = 0.03) were the best independent predictors for cumulative incidence of severe bleeding after starting therapy. In addition, CD203c expression on leukemic cells (hazard ratio: 4.4; p = 0.01), low fibrinogen levels (hazard ratio: 8.8; p = 0.001), older age (hazard ratio: 9.0; p = 0.002), and high leukocyte count (hazard ratio: 5.6; p = 0.02) were the most informative independent predictors for overall survival. In summary, our results show that the presence of basophil-associated phenotypic characteristics on leukemic cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia patients at diagnosis is a powerful independent predictor for severe bleeding and overall survival, which might contribute in the future to (early) risk-adapted therapy decisions.This work was supported by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC, Madrid, Spain) and the Fundación Rafael del Pino (Madrid, Spain) and both CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00480) and grant PI16/00787 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain)

Use of ICT for autonomous learning in Food Science and Technology and Veterinary degrees in the University of Cordoba pilot plan

Con la finalidad de dotar a los estudiantes de los últimos cursos de los grados de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Veterinaria de las herramientas necesarias para fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo en instalaciones como la Planta Piloto de la Universidad de Córdoba (PPTA) se programaron diferentes actividades encaminadas a la recopilación de información sobre las instalaciones y equipos, realización de experimentos y desarrollo de trabajo fin de grado, de forma que se integrara en una página web propia, con información suficiente para que los estudiantes puedan formarse autónomamente mediante la consulta y el manejo de documentación generada a partir del uso de diferentes equipos o de las diferentes líneas de procesado, integrando materiales preparados a partir de la experiencia propia en la misma instalación tales como manuales, videos, fotografía de maquinaria y protocolos de experimentos.With the purpose of equipping the students of the last courses of Food Science and Technology and Veterinary degrees with the necessary tools to promote autonomous learning in facilities such as the Pilot Plant of the University of Córdoba, different activities were planned aimed at the collection of information on facilities and equipment, conducting experiments and developing end-of-degree work, so that it can be integrated into a web page of its own, with sufficient information so that students can be formed autonomously through consultation and documentation management generated from the use of different equipment or different processing lines, integrating materials prepared from their own experience in the same installation such as manuals, videos, machinery photography and experimental protocols

Intrinsic Subtypes and Gene Expression Profiles in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer

Biological changes that occur during metastatic progression of breast cancer are still incompletely characterized. In this study, we compared intrinsic molecular subtypes and gene expression in 123 paired primary and metastatic tissues from breast cancer patients. Intrinsic subtype was identified using a PAM50 classifier and χ 2 tests determined the differences in variable distribution. The rate of subtype conversion was 0% in basal-like tumors, 23.1% in HER2-enriched (HER2-E) tumors, 30.0% in luminal B tumors, and 55.3% in luminal A tumors. In 40.2% of cases, luminal A tumors converted to luminal B tumors, whereas in 14.3% of cases luminal A and B tumors converted to HER2-E tumors. We identified 47 genes that were expressed differentially in metastatic versus primary disease. Metastatic tumors were enriched for proliferation-related and migration-related genes and diminished for luminal-related genes. Expression of proliferation-related genes were better at predicting overall survival in metastatic disease (OSmet) when analyzed in metastatic tissue rather than primary tissue. In contrast, a basal-like gene expression signature was better at predicting OSmet in primary disease compared with metastatic tissue. We observed correlations between time to tumor relapse and the magnitude of changes of proliferation, luminal B, or HER2-E signatures in metastatic versus primary disease. Although the intrinsic subtype was largely maintained during metastatic progression, luminal/HER2-negative tumors acquired a luminal B or HER2-E profile during metastatic progression, likely reflecting tumor evolution or acquisition of estrogen independence. Overall, our analysis revealed the value of stratifying gene expression by both cancer subtype and tissue type, providing clinicians more refined tools to evaluate prognosis and treatment. Cancer Res; 77(9); 1-9. ©2017 AACR