Gender stereotypes and physical education in secondary school

The present study aims to analyze the unequal treatment and gender stereotypes from within classrooms of Physical Education. A sample of 62 students from 3º and 4º High School has participated through the filling in of two of questionnaires about Perceptions Questionnaire-Discrimination Equality in Physical Education and questionnaire social acceptability of physicalsports; both of them focus at students. The variables measured were the behaviors of equal-discriminatory treatment by teachers of Physical Education and consideration and adjudication by students of two physical-sports (rugby and dance) in which the gender is pronounced in the result of this work, according if it was accomplish by men or women. It has been made a T student Test analysis of the scale variables for establishing differences between gender and courses in both variables and calculated relations between the kind of physical and sports activities and that gender is focused by Chi-Squared Test. The results show a high perception of equal treatment by teachers, on the female and male students in 3º and 4º in Physical Education. However, considering one gender or another practice of physical and sports activities such as rugby and dance, inequality or gender stereotypes in the field of physicalsports education, implanted in students, could be influenced by other social factors outside school.El presente trabajo pretende analizar la desigualdad de trato y estereotipos de género en las clases de Educación Física. Una muestra de 62 alumnas y alumnos de 3º y 4º de ESO han participado mediante el cumplimiento de dos cuestionarios sobre la percepción de Igualdad-Discriminación en Educación Física (CPIDEF) y la aceptabilidad social de la práctica físico-deportiva, ambos dos dirigidos al alumnado. Las variables medidas han sido las conductas de igualdad-discriminación de trato por parte del profesorado de Educación Física percibido por el alumnado y la consideración y adjudicación por parte del alumnado de dos actividades físico-deportivas (rugby y danza) en las que la adscripción de género se muestra acusada en el propio resultado del presente trabajo, en función de su práctica diferenciada por hombre y mujeres. Para establecer diferencias entre sexos y cursos en ambas variables se usó la prueba T student y se han calculado las relaciones entre el tipo de actividad físico-deportiva y a que sexo va dirigido mediante un Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una percepción alta de igualdad de trato del profesorado, por parte del alumnado femenino y masculino de 3º y 4º de ESO en las clases de Educación Física. Sin embargo, atendiendo a que adscriben para un género o al otro la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas como el rugby y la danza, las desigualdades o estereotipos de género en el ámbito de la educación física-deportiva, implantadas en el alumnado, podrían estar influenciadas por otros factores sociales fuera del ámbito escolar

‘Aprendizaje-servicio’ en los grados universitarios de Educación Física: ejercicio físico con personas mayores

La sociedad actual demanda cada vez más una participación ciudadana con carácter social hacia colectivos en riesgo de exclusión social. La universidad, apelando a su responsabilidad social en el ámbito docente, debería facilitar dicha participación y fomentar en el alumnado la transmisión de valores tanto éticos como de concienciación hacia los demás. Un método pedagógico útil para cristalizar este compromiso firme con determinados colectivos que realmente lo necesitan es el «aprendizaje-servicio» (en adelante ApS). En este contexto, el presente estudio justifica la idoneidad y viabilidad de desarrollar proyectos de ApS con el colectivo de personas mayores dentro de los grados universitarios del campo de la Educación Física y el Deporte. En particular, se defiende la posibilidad de ayudar eficazmente al sector poblacional de las personas mayores en el ámbito de la salud, favoreciendo la formación en valores del alumnado desde un enfoque pedagógico práctico, competencial y motivador.En particular, se defiende que el diseño y desarrollo de proyectos en torno al ejercicio físico y la salud dirigidos a grupos de personas mayores constituye una estrategia motivante, innovadora y práctica para sensibilizar y concienciar al alumnado ante estos problemas y promover valores educativos.Current society demands increasing citizen participation to assist at-risk groups of social exclusion. Calling upon the social responsibility of the teaching profession, university should encourage the transmission of awareness-raising ethical values to university students. A useful pedagogical method to foster such commitment with needy groups is the «service-learning» approach. In these context, this paper justifies the suitability and feasibility of developing service-learning projects with elderly groups, as part of the university degrees in the field of Physical Education and Sport. Particularly, we argue that the design and development of projects –concerning physical exercise and health– to effectively help elderly groups, constitutes a practical, innovative and motivating pedagogical approach to promote educative values and raise students awareness

Proton conductivity through polybenzimidazole composite membranes containing silica nanofiber mats

The quest for sustainable and more efficient energy-converting devices has been the focus of researchers′ efforts in the past decades. In this study, SiO2 nanofiber mats were fabricated through an electrospinning process and later functionalized using silane chemistry to introduce different polar groups −OH (neutral), −SO3H (acidic) and −NH2 (basic). The modified nanofiber mats were embedded in PBI to fabricate mixed matrix membranes. The incorporation of these nanofiber mats in the PBI matrix showed an improvement in the chemical and thermal stability of the composite membranes. Proton conduction measurements show that PBI composite membranes containing nanofiber mats with basic groups showed higher proton conductivities, reaching values as high as 4 mS·cm−1 at 200 °C

Fungal and ciliate protozoa are the main rumen microbes associated with methane emissions in dairy cattle

14 Pág. Departamento de Mejora Genetica AnimalMitigating the effects of global warming has become the main challenge for humanity in recent decades. Livestock farming contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, with an important output of methane from enteric fermentation processes, mostly in ruminants. Because ruminal microbiota is directly involved in digestive fermentation processes and methane biosynthesis, understanding the ecological relationships between rumen microorganisms and their active metabolic pathways is essential for reducing emissions. This study analysed whole rumen metagenome using long reads and considering its compositional nature in order to disentangle the role of rumen microbes in methane emissions.This research was financed by RTA2015-00022-C03-02 (METALGEN) project from the National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation 2013–2020 and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain). A.L.G. was funded by FPI-INIA grant with reference FPI-SGIT2016-06.Peer reviewe

Sistema de enfoque basado en dos espejos elípticos y un espejo plano rotatorio para un radar a 300 GHz

A focusing system for a 300 GHz radar with two target distances (5m and 10m) is proposed, having 1cm resolution in both cases. The focusing system is based on a gaussian telescope scheme and it has been designed using gaussian beam quasi-optical propagation theory with a homemade Matlab analysis tool. It has been translated into a real focusing system based on two elliptical mirrors and a plane mirror in order to have scanning capabilities and validated using the commercial antenna software GRAS

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

The study (FIS-PI18/00912) was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant no. Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” and B2017/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM (Comunidad de Madrid), and Halekulani S.L.Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEUnión EuropeaComunidad de MadridInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIHalekulanipu

A Novel Porous Ti-Squarate as Efficient Photocatalyst in the Overall Water Splitting Reaction under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

[EN] A new porous titanium(IV) squarate metal¿organic framework (MOF), denoted as IEF-11, having a never reported titanium secondary building unit, is successfully synthesized and fully characterized. IEF-11 not only exhibits a permanent porosity but also an outstanding chemical stability. Further, as a consequence of combining the photoactive Ti(IV) and the electroactive squarate, IEF-11 presents relevant optoelectronic properties, applied here to the photocatalytic overall water splitting reaction. Remarkably, IEF-11 as a photocatalyst is able to produce record H2 amounts for MOF-based materials under simulated sunlight (up to 672 µmol gcatalyst in 22 h) without any activity loss during at least 10 d.P.S.-A. and A.A.B. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the Ramón Areces Foundation project H+MOFs, the M-ERA-NET C-MOF-cell (grant PCI2020-111998 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR) project, and Retos Investigación MOFSEIDON (grant PID2019-104228RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) project. S.N. thanks financial support by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovatión y Universidades RTI2018-099482-A-I00 project and Agència Valenciana de la Innovació (AVI, INNEST/2020/111) project. H.G. thanks financial support to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa and RTI2018-098237-CO21) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2017/083). T.W. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR, 2019-05465). Parts of this research were carried out at ¿CRISTAL¿ at SOLEIL. P.S. and A.A.B. sincerely thank to the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 for the support of the synchrotron experiment.Salcedo-Abraira, P.; Babaryk, AA.; Montero-Lanzuela, E.; Contreras Almengor, OR.; Cabrero-Antonino, M.; Svensson, E.; Willhammar, T.... (2021). A Novel Porous Ti-Squarate as Efficient Photocatalyst in the Overall Water Splitting Reaction under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation. Advanced Materials. 33(52):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20210662719335

Altered innate immune profile in blood of systemic mastocytosis patients

[Background]: Mast cells (MC) from systemic mastocytosis (SM) patients release MC mediators that lead to an altered microenvironment with potential consequences on innate immune cells, such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Here we investigated the distribution and functional behaviour of different populations of blood monocytes and DC among distinct diagnostic subtypes of SM. [Methods]: Overall, we studied 115 SM patients - 45 bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), 61 indolent SM (ISM), 9 aggressive SM (ASM)- and 32 healthy donors (HD). Spontaneous and in vitro-stimulated cytokine production by blood monocytes, and their plasma levels, together with the distribution of different subsets of blood monocytes and DCs, were investigated. [Results]: SM patients showed increased plasma levels and spontaneous production by blood monocytes of IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα and IL10, associated with an exhausted ability of LPS + IFNγ-stimulated blood monocytes to produce IL1β and TGFβ. SM (particularly ISM) patients also showed decreased counts of total monocytes, at the expense of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes. Interestingly, while ISM and ASM patients had decreased numbers of plasmacytoid DC and myeloid DC (and their major subsets) in blood, an expansion of AXL+ DC was specifically encountered in BMM cases. [Conclusion]: These results demonstrate an altered distribution of blood monocytes and DC subsets in SM associated with constitutive activation of functionally impaired blood monocytes and increased plasma levels of a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, reflecting broad activation of the innate immune response in mastocytosis.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant number PI19/01166; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer [CIBERONC] programme, grant number CB16/12/00400) and co-funded by the European Union (EU). We thank the support of the Spanish National DNA Bank Carlos III (www.bancoadn.org; biobank ID B.0000716; supported by ISCIII and co-founded by EU [grant number PT20/00085]) for providing plasma samples. APP was supported by a grant of the Government of Castilla y León (Orden EDU/556/2019), Spain; co-financed with the “European Regional Development Fund” (BDNS, Identif.:422058). We thank the support of the Spanish Association of Mastocytosis and Related Diseases

A dimensional reduction approach to modulate the core ruminal microbiome associated with methane emissions via selective breeding

17 Pág.  Departamento de ​Mejora Genética Animal (INIA)The rumen is a complex microbial system of substantial importance in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and feed efficiency. This study proposes combining metagenomic and host genomic data for selective breeding of the cow hologenome toward reduced methane emissions. We analyzed nanopore long reads from the rumen metagenome of 437 Holstein cows from 14 commercial herds in 4 northern regions in Spain. After filtering, data were treated as compositional. The large complexity of the rumen microbiota was aggregated, through principal component analysis (PCA), into few principal components (PC) that were used as proxies of the core metagenome. The PCA allowed us to condense the huge and fuzzy taxonomical and functional information from the metagenome into a few PC. Bivariate animal models were applied using these PC and methane production as phenotypes. The variability condensed in these PC is controlled by the cow genome, with heritability estimates for the first PC of ~0.30 at all taxonomic levels, with a large probability (>83%) of the posterior distribution being >0.20 and with the 95% highest posterior density interval (95%HPD) not containing zero. Most genetic correlation estimates between PC1 and methane were large (≥0.70), with most of the posterior distribution (>82%) being >0.50 and with its 95%HPD not containing zero. Enteric methane production was positively associated with relative abundance of eukaryotes (protozoa and fungi) through the first component of the PCA at phylum, class, order, family, and genus. Nanopore long reads allowed the characterization of the core rumen metagenome using whole-metagenome sequencing, and the purposed aggregated variables could be used in animal breeding programs to reduce methane emissions in future generations.This research was financed by the METALGEN project (RTA2015-00022-C03) from the national plan for research, development, and innovation 2013–2020 and the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness (Madrid, Spain).Peer reviewe

Docencia Costructivista en la Universidad: una serie de ensayos sobre experiencias en Costa Rica

Contenido: Marco Vinicio Gutiérrez-Soto, Luis Ángel Piedra García. Conciencia y ciencia en la labor del docente universitario.- Luis Ángel Piedra García. El Constructivismo cibernético de segundo orden en la docencia universitaria.- Andrea Melissa Mora Umaña, La importancia de la observación etológica como recurso pedagógico y didáctico: una aproximación desde las ciencias cognoscitivas y el estudio del comportamiento animal.- Susan Francis Salazar. La estrategia didáctica vista desde el Constructivismo en la docencia universitaria.- Werner Rodríguez Montero. El emprendedurismo universitario en las ciencias agrícolas: una aplicación del constructivismo.- Marco V. Gutiérrez Soto, Oscar Chanis Reyes, Luis Ángel Piedra García. El taller de las Ciencias y de las Artes: experiencias en dos recintos universitarios en Costa RicaLa naturaleza fisiológica y ecológica del proceso de aprendizaje en el ser humano, la construcción social del conocimiento, el aprendizaje significativo, la adquisición de habilidades personales y de competencias profesionales a través de la práctica, el protagonismo de los estudiantes en el salón de clases, y la importancia de la observación etológica como recurso pedagógico entre otros, son conceptos científicos y palabras clave que giran en los espacios docentes de las Universidades. Estos conceptos toman forma en proyectos de innovación docente, emprendedurismo estudiantil, y nuevas maneras de concebir y realizar la didáctica y la investigación de campo en docencia constructivista. Todos estos aspectos son desarrollados en alguna medida en los capítulos que conforman esta recopilación de ensayos. Los ensayos fueron preparados por docentes involucrados en la formación teórica y práctica de estrategias didácticas de corte constructivista, particularmente del constructivismo cibernético de segundo orden, en el proceso formativo del estudiantado y de los docentes, a nivel universitario. Se discute la implementación de nuevos procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y las resistencias encontradas durante la aplicación constructivista en contextos específicos,y se consideran los aportes de la interdisciplinariedad y el trabajo colaborativo como medios para mejorar la aplicación y ampliar los alcances y métodos de la docencia constructivista. Se habla de aprender a aprender, a emprender, y a saber. El libro provee principios teóricos, estrategias y guiones docentes, estudios de caso tomados de la realidad local, sugerencias para la evaluación y herramientas para la construcción de conocimientos conceptuales y procedimentales en la universidad y culmina con la propuesta de un "árbol tropical del conocimiento" que toma en cuenta nuestras singularidades, la compleja y diversa realidad ecológica neotropical y centroamericana, y el caldo social circundante que modeló las esferas. Este perfil muestra un docente ilustrado, apasionado, estratega, observador, emprendedor, artista, integrador y facilitador de los enfoques holísticos, el requerido por las sociedades y universidades actuales.Universidad de Costa Rica, Vicerrectoria de Docencia, Escuela de Agronomía, Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit, Departamento de Docencia UniversitariaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de AgronomíaUCR::Vicerrectoría de DocenciaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigación en Educación (INIE)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM