Despido laboral por absentismo

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.DER). Dereito. Curso 2017/201

La responsabilidad penal en seguridad y salud en el trabajo

En este trabajo se abordan los artículos 316 y 317 del Código Penal, incidiendo en qué tipos de casos pueden sen considerados como accidentes laborales, qué requisitos deben darse para que sean considerados como tales, cuáles son los sujetos responsables como garantes de la seguridad en el trabajo, qué medidas son exigidas y necesarias en el ámbito laboral y qué actuaciones se pueden imponer para prevenir y evitar futuros accidentes

Lateral transport osteogenesis in maxillofacial oncology patients for rehabilitation with dental implants: a retrospective case series

Objectives: To report on the use of lateral transport osteogenesis in cancer patients after maxillo/mandibular resections and on the implant survival rate in the generated bone Material and Methods: Four patients treated using lateral transport osteogenesis entered this descriptive study and were retrospectively studied (mean age 55; range 41-62). Results: Reconstruction of segmentary defects after surgical and radiological cancer treatment on maxilla and mandible was achieved. No relevant intra- or post-operative complications occurred. No differences on implant survival were observed between patients who had received radiotherapy and those who had not. Conclusions: This approach can be considered a recommendable reconstructive option after oral cancer treatment 'including radiotherapy- particularly for high-surgical-risk, collaborative patients

Endocrine and Immunological Parameters in Individuals Involved in Prestige Spill Cleanup Tasks Seven Years After the Exposure

[Abstract] In November 2002 the oil tanker Prestige spilled 63,000tonnes of heavy oil off the northwest coast of Spain, impacting more than 1000km of coastline. A general concern led to a huge mobilization of human and technical resources, and more than 300,000 people participated in cleanup activities, which lasted up to 10months. Some endocrine and immunological alterations were reported in Prestige oil exposed subjects for several months. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate if these alterations are still present seven years after the exposure. Fifty-four individuals exposed for at least 2months were compared to 50 matched referents. Prolactin and cortisol plasma concentrations, percentages of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+16+), plasma levels of circulating cytokines (interleukin (IL) 2, IL4, IL6, IL10, tumour necrosis factor α, and interferon γ), and serum concentrations of neopterin, tryptophan and kynurenine were determined in peripheral blood samples. Results showed significant differences in exposed individuals vs. referents only in cortisol (increase), kynurenine and %CD16+56+ lymphocytes (both decrease). Time of exposure to the oil or using protective clothes did not influence the results, but effect of using protective mask was observed on neopterin, %CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and IL4. Surveillance of the exposed individuals for early detection of possible health problems related to the endocrine or immunological systems is recommended.Research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PSI2010-15115) and by the Austrian Research Funds (project 25150-B13). F. Aguilera was supported by a fellowship from the Fundación Carolina (AECI, Spain)Österreichischer Wissenschaftsfonds FWF; 25150-B1

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Clone ST1193 Clonotype 14-64 in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli in Spain

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, specific pilot study on uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI). One-hundred non-duplicated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from uUTI occurred in 2020 in women attending 15 primary care centers of a single health region of northern Spain were characterized using a clonal diagnosis approach. Among the high genetic diversity showed by 59 different phylogroup-clonotype combinations, 11 clones accounted for 46% of the isolates: B2-ST73 (CH24-30); B2-ST73 (CH24-103); B2-ST131 (CH40-30); B2-ST141 (CH52-5); B2-ST372 (CH103-9); B2-ST404 (CH14-27); B2-ST404 (CH14-807); B2-ST1193 (CH14-64); D-ST69 (CH35-27); D-ST349 (CH36-54), and F-ST59 (CH32-41). The screening of the UPEC status found that 69% of isolates carried ≥ 3 of chuA, fyuA, vat, and yfcV genes. Multidrug resistance to at least one antibiotic of ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories were exhibited by 30% of the isolates, with the highest rates of resistance against ampicillin/amoxicillin (48%), trimethoprim (35%), norfloxacin (28%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (26%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%). None extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/carbapenemase producer was recovered. According to our results, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin should be considered as empirical treatment of choice for uUTI by E. coli (resistance rates 4% and 2%, respectively). We uncover the high prevalence of the pandemic fluoroquinolone-resistant ST1193 clone (6%) in uUTI, which represents the first report in Spain in this pathology. The genomic analysis showed similar key traits than those ST1193 clones disseminated worldwide. Through the SNP comparison based on the core genome, the Spanish ST1193 clustered with isolates retrieved from the Enterobase, showing high genomic similarity than the global ST1193 described in the United States, Canada and Australia. IMPORTANCE Analyzing the clonal structure and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates implicated in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, one of the most frequent visits managed in primary health care, is of interest for clinicians to detect changes in the dynamics of emerging uropathogenic clones associated with the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance. It can also provide consensus concerning optimal control and antibiotic prescribingThis study was supported by the projects and funds PID2019-104439RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union: A Way to Make Europe (ERDF); FIS PI17-00728 (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain), co-funded by ERDF; GRUPIN IDI/2022/000033 by the Regional Ministry of Science of Asturias (IDI/2022/000033). ED431C 2021/11 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia) and ERDF. I.G-M. and V.G. acknowledge the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia for their post-doctoral grants (Grant Number ED481B-2021-006 and ED481-B2018/018, respectively). The research stay of I.G-M at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias was funded by a grant from the Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC). L.L. acknowledges the Ministry of Education of Spain for her predoctoral grant FPU19/01127.S

Yellowish lesions of the oral cavity : Suggestion for a classification

The colour of a lesion is due to its nature and to its histological substratum. In order to ease diagnosis, oral cavity lesions have been classified according to their colour in: white, red, white and red, bluish and/or purple, brown, grey and/or black lesions. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such a classification for yellow lesions. So, a suggestion for a classification of yellowish lesions according to their semiology is made with the following headings: diffuse macular lesions, papular, hypertrophic, or pustular lesions, together with cysts and nodes. This interpretation of the lesions by its colour is the first step to diagnosis. It should be taken into account that, as happens with any other classification, the yellowish group of lesions includes items with different prognosis as well as possible markers of systemic disorders

Distance of the alveolar antral artery from the alveolar crest. Related factors and surgical considerations in sinus floor elevation

In a variable proportion of maxillary sinuses alveolar antral artery is located close to the residual ridge, increasing the chances for haemorrhagic complications during sinus floor elevation procedures. Retrospective observational study of CBCT explorations performed for implant-treatment planning. The upper first molar area was selected for this study. The relative uncertainty (standard deviation of the measurement divided by its mean and expressed as a percentage from 0% to 100%) was chosen for determining the observational errors. For modeling the chances of AAA detection, the generalized additive models (GAM) approach was chosen. A total of 240 maxillary sinuses were studied (46.25% males) whose median median age was 58 years old (IQR: 52-66). Univariate models showed that the chances for an AAA-alvelar crest distance ?15mm increase in wider sinuses with lower, subsinusally edentulous crests. When distance is considered as a continuous variable, the best mutivariate model showed an explained deviance of 67% and included AAA diameter, distance AAA-sinus floor, sinus width, and shape, height and width of the residual ridge. Thinner AAAs are found closer to the crest (within the ?15mm safe distance). Bearing in mind the inclusion criteria and the limitations of this investigation, it is concluded that there is a high proportion of maxillary sinuses where AAA describes a course close to the alveolar crest (?15mm), which was classically considered a safe distance for SFE. This position is related to the presence of atrophic crests (depressed ridge form) and wide maxillary sinuses where the distance of the vessel to the floor of the sinus is small. This information may permit a better surgical planning of SFE procedures

Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to lead and influence of polymorphisms in genes involved in lead toxicokinetics and in DNA repair

This work was partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PSI2010-15115) and Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grants PDCT/SAU-OBS/59821/2004, PTDC/QUI/ 67522/2006 and PTDC/SAU-OSM/105572/2008, and fellowship SFRH/ BD/22612/2005 to M. Pingarilho).publishersversionpublishe

Looking for a Better Characterization of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Means of Circulating Tumor Cells

Traditionally, studies to address the characterization of mechanisms promoting tumor aggressiveness and progression have been focused only on primary tumor analyses, which could provide relevant information but have limitations to really characterize the more aggressive tumor population. To overcome these limitations, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a noninvasive and valuable tool for real-time profiling of disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the value of CTC enumeration and characterization to identify markers associated with the outcome and the aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). For that aim, the CTC population from 32 patients diagnosed with TNBC was isolated and characterized. This population showed important cell plasticity in terms of expression of epithelia/mesenchymal and stemness markers, suggesting the relevance of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) intermediate phenotypes for efficient tumor dissemination. Importantly, the CTC signature demonstrated prognostic value to predict the patients' outcome and pointed to a relevant role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) and androgen receptor (AR) for TNBC biology. Furthermore, we also analyzed the usefulness of the AR and TIMP1 blockade to target TNBC proliferation and dissemination using in vitro and in vivo zebra fish and mouse models. Overall, the molecular characterization of CTCs from advanced TNBC patients identifies highly specific biomarkers with potential applicability as noninvasive prognostic markers and reinforced the value of TIMP1 and AR as potential therapeutic targets to tackle the most aggressive breast cancer

Característiques clíniques i fragilitat dels usuaris de l'atenció domiciliària a la ciutat de Barcelona

Objectiu. Identificar les característiques sociodemogràfiques i clíniques dels usuaris de l'atenció docimiliària en Atenció Primària de Salut. Metodologia. Estudi descriptiu transversal als equips d'Atenció Primària de la Gerència Territorial de Barcelona de l'Institut Català de la Salut. Els participants de l'estudi van ser tots els usuaris del programa d'atenció domiciliària durant l'any 2019. Es van excloure les persones institucionalitzades. Les variables principals eren: sociodemogràfiques (edat, sexe, viure sol), criteris de complexitat clínica, polifarmàcia, nivell de fragilitat (efragicap), dependència funcional, deteriorament cognitiu, risc social, sobrecàrrega del cuidador, nombre i tipus de visites. Resultats. Es van analitzar un total de 13 044 persones que romanien en el programa d'atenció domiciliària a final de l'any. La majoria eren dones (72%) i la edat mitjana era de 86,1 anys (DE 10,5). Un 51,8% tenien identificada complexitat clínica i un 7,4 % una malaltia crònica avançada. La polifarmàcia era elevada (88,3%) Hi havia una alta prevalença de dependència (90%) i aproximadament la meitat de les persones tenien el cribratge de deteriorament cognitiu alterat. Un 10,8% presentaven nafres i un 68,7% incontinència. Un 18,3% vivien sols. La majoria dels problemes clínics tenien una correlació positiva amb la fragilitat. La fragilitat greu era la majoritària, amb un 69,2% dels casos, seguida de la moderada amb un 26,1% i la lleu amb un 4,1%. Conclusions. Els usuaris del programa d'atenció domiciliària tenen principalment edat avançada, complexitat clínica i una fragilitat moderada/greu. L'instrument efragicap pot avaluar fàcilment la fragilitat a partir de la història clínica electrònica en Atenció Primàri