New Frontiers for Political Communication in Times of Spectacularization

Political spectacularization is a broad global phenomenon challenging contemporary digital political communication under new features that define interactive digital narratives. In this sense, the use of politainment formulas in digital contexts to reconnect the electorate with political leaders and institutions through a more direct and interactive communication deserves further understanding of its implications on the devaluation of political information and the loss of democratic quality. This thematic issue sheds some light on how the spectacularization of political communication, which increasingly takes place in online contexts, affects and is affected by these processes, where entertainment is crucial to engage citizens. In this editorial, we provide a short overview of how research on politainment has started to shift its attention away from traditional media toward the wide array of lenses of politainment among digital platforms. The articles in this thematic issue reflect this shift but also show its consequences in terms of political engagement. Finally, we outline further research steps, which should establish a more nuanced and multifaceted understanding of the complex relationship between political communication, entertainment, and new digital communication formulas, which is crucial to advance knowledge in the field

Características leitoras das crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem da leitura

The aim of this research study was to identify the characteristics of precision, comprehension and reading speed in children with Reading Learning Disability. Fourteen children, between the ages of 8 and 11years old, participating in the study, were diagnosed according to the DSM IV–Tr criteria. They were assessed through the reading test taken from the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI) (Neuropsychological Assessment for Children). Results showed specific characteristics of the disability according to gender, age and school level. Performance was low on text reading precision and reading speed. The most frequent errors were literal and derivational substitution, error in functional word and failure in reading rhythm. The study concluded that the Reading Learning Disability has diverse manifestations and that diagnostic criteria may not include processes underlying the disability. It is recommended that assessment processes emphasize tasks where major difficulties can be found and that rehabilitation strategies respond to particular characteristics of the disability.El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las características de precisión, comprensión y velocidad lectora en niños con Trastorno del Aprendizaje (TA) de la lectura. Participaron 14 niños entre 8 y 11 años diagnosticados según los criterios del DSM IV–Tr a quienes se les aplicó la prueba de lectura de la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI). Los resultados muestran características específicas del trastorno de acuerdo con el género, edad y nivel escolar. El desempeño fue bajo en precisión en lectura de textos y velocidad de lectura. Los errores más frecuentes fueron la sustitución literal y derivacional, error en palabra funcional y falla en el ritmo lector. Se concluye que el TA de la lectura tiene manifestaciones variadas, y los criterios de diagnóstico no contemplan procesos que pueden subyacer al mismo. Se recomienda que la evaluación haga énfasis en las tareas en que se presentan mayores dificultades y la rehabilitación responda a características particulares del trastorno.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as características de precisão, compreensão e velocidade de leitura em crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem (TA) da leitura. Participaram 14 crianças entre 8 e 11 anos, diagnosticados segundo o DSM IV-Tr. Se aplicou o teste de Avaliação neuropsicológica infantil (ENI). Os resultados mostram características específicas do transtorno de acordo com o sexo, a idade e o nível de ensino. O desempenho foi baixo em precisão em leitura de textos e velocidade de leitura. Os erros mais freqüentes foram a substituição literal e a derivacional, erro em palavra funcional e falho no ritmo leitor. Concluímos que o TA da leitura tem variadas manifestações a assistência técnica da leitura, e os critérios de diagnóstico não incluem processos que lhe sejam subjacentes. Recomenda-se que a avaliação aponte às tarefas que apresentam maiores dificuldades e a reabilitação corresponda às características do transtorno

Resilience and workability among breast cancer survivors

El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más común en mujeres de todo el mundo. Los avances médicos en el pronóstico y los tratamientos han mejorado las tasas de supervivencia; sin embargo, muchas mujeres comunican problemas físicos y psicológicos derivados del impacto y los tratamientos administrados que pueden socavar la viabilidad de las sobrevivientes del cáncer de mama. Dado que el cáncer de mama se presenta en edad laboral (35-65 años) y dada la importancia que tiene el trabajo en su proceso de recuperación, es crucial determinar los recursos psicológicos que las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama pueden utilizar para restablecer su capacidad laboral. En este sentido, la resiliencia entendida como la capacidad de adaptarse con éxito ante el estrés y la adversidad puede desempeñar un papel importante. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es explorar los niveles de resiliencia en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama y estudiar su relación con la viabilidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 44 supervivientes de cáncer de mama de España, con una edad media de 51,93 (DE = 8,77). Las participantes completaron la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young (versión en español adaptada por Novella, 2002) y el Índice de Capacidad para el Trabajo (WAI, Tuomi et al., 1997). Los resultados de las estadísticas descriptivas revelaron que las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama mostraron altos niveles de resiliencia. Además, los resultados de la correlación de Pearson indicaron que hubo una asociación positiva significativa entre resiliencia global y trabajabilidad (r = .33, p = .03), así como entre las dimensiones autoconfianza (r = .37, p = .01) y satisfacción personal (r = .33, p = .03). La edad no se correlacionó con la resiliencia ni con la trabajabilidad. Por tanto, la identificación de los factores que influyen positivamente en la adaptación de las supervivientes de cáncer de mama a la vida laboral puede ayudar a desarrollar intervenciones con el objetivo de restablecer la capacidad laboral en esta población. Además, dada la importancia que tiene la reincorporación laboral en esta población, esta investigación puede contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de recuperación en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama.Breast cancer is the most common neoplasia in women worldwide. Medical advances in prognosis and treatments have improved survival rates, however, many women report physical and psychological problems derived from the impact and the administered treatments that can undermine breast cancer survivors’ workability. Given that breast cancer occurs at working age (35-65 years) and due to the importance that work has in their recovery process, it is crucial to determine the psychological resources that breast cancer survivors may use to reestablish their ability to work. In this sense, resilience understood as the ability to successfully adapt in the face of stress and adversity may play an important role. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore resilience levels in breast cancer survivors and to study its relationship with workability. The sample was comprised of 44 breast cancer survivors of Spain, with a mean age of 51.93 (SD = 8.77). Participants completed the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (Spanish version adapted by Novella, 2002) and Work Ability Index (WAI, Tuomi et al., 1997). The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that breast cancer survivors displayed high levels of resilience. Moreover, the results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant positive association between global resilience and workability (r = .33, p = .03), as well as between the dimensions self-confidence (r = .37, p = .01) and personal satisfaction (r = .33, p = .03). Age did not correlate with resilience nor with workability. Thus, identifying the factors that positively influence breast cancer survivors’ adjustment to working life can help to develop interventions with the aim to restore working ability in this population. Besides, given the importance that return-to-work have in this population, this research may contribute to expanding knowledge regarding the recovery process in breast cancer survivors.peerReviewe

Sedación y analgesia en pacientes con ventilación mecánica en unidades de cuidado intensivo: una revisión narrativa

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaObjetivo: En el presente trabajo se pretende identificar las últimas líneas de revisión y recomendación de las prácticas de sedoanalgesia en pacientes sometidos a Ventilación Mecánica (VM) en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), observar la representación del rol de la enfermera y la importancia otorgada a esta figura, y explorar la monitorización utilizada para los niveles de sedación y necesidad de analgesia en este contexto. Metodología: Revisión narrativa. La búsqueda se realizó en cinco bases de datos cuya especialización es las Ciencias de la Salud: CUIDEN, SciELO, Cochrane, CINAHL y PUBMED, desde 2013 a 2018. Resultados: 17 de los artículos cumplían los criterios de exclusión e inclusión. Las mayores barreras para la evolución de las prácticas de sedoanalgesia son la falta educativa del personal y el miedo a la sedación ligera y aumento de carga de trabajo, siendo más común en enfermería. Las enfermeras tienen un rol esencial en la monitorización y manejo de la sedoanalgesia, además del uso de escalas. Las más utilizadas para la valoración de pacientes son las RASS y la CPOT. Se observa la importancia de las recomendaciones de las guías PAD en los protocolos/ estrategias implementadas. Conclusiones: Es preciso trabajar la educación del personal, en especial el de enfermería, que presenta más barreras para el avance de la sedoanalgesia, siendo un pilar básico en la monitorización y manejo del paciente crítico. Se debe promover la concienciación del personal de UCI en el seguimiento y aceptación de protocolos/estrategias en vez de centrar la investigación en su renovaciónObjective: This work identifies the latest information about sedoanalgesia practices in patients with Mechanical Ventilation (MV) admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICU), followed by an observation into the responsibilities of the nurse and the importance given to this figure. Moreover, a review of the monitoring techniques used to quantify sedation and pain levels. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted with the use of five databases that specialize in health sciences; notably, CUIDEN, SciELO, Cochrane, CINAHL and PUBMED during the time-period of 2013 to 2018. Results: seventeen of the articles met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Some of great limitations to the evolution of sedoanalgesia practices are due to staff having a lack of vital knowledge and the fear of light sedation and increased workload, which is becoming increasingly common amongst nurses. Nurses have a fundamental role in monitoring and adjusting sedoanalgesia, in addition to using scales. RASS and the CPOT were commonly used during out assessments of the patients. The importance of the recommendations of the PAD guidelines in the protocols and strategies implemented is observed. Conclusions: we deduced that it was fundamentally important to further educate the staff, specifically nurses that are responsible for preventing the advancement of sedoanalgesia whilst caring and managing the critical patient. The awareness of UCI staff in the monitoring and acceptance of protocols and strategies should be promoted instead of focusing the research on its renewa

Autoestima como variable psicosocial predictora de la actividad física en personas mayores

Suplemento de artículos seleccionados con revisión del Congreso Andaluz de Psicología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (13 : 2011 : Sevilla). Editores : José Carlos Caracuel ; Rocío Bohórquez.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem expressed by people over 65 years of age and taking part in physical activity. Self-concept and self-esteem are psychologically fundamental components of quality of life in adulthood and well-being. Selfesteem has been proposed as an area of intervention to improve the quality of life in the senior population. The sample was composed of more than 184 people, 92 of whom took part in physical activity on a regular basis and another 92, who developed sedentary lifestyles. The results of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire applied to the sample showed different levels of self-esteem between seniors who are physically active and those who are not, with self-esteem being significantly higher in active seniors. Studies with similar objectives demonstrate and support the verification of the hypothesis that establishes a positive relationship between self-esteem and participation in physical activity

Limitaciones de la eficacia de las imágenes raras en listas mixtas

Desde hace siglos se utilizan las imágenes raras como ayuda a la memoria, sin embargo, se sigue estudiando en qué condiciones es efectiva. Se ha demostrado que es eficaz cuando se cumplen varias condiciones: recuerdo libre inmediato, listas mixtas, y aprendizaje incidental. En este trabajo deseábamos investigar la eficacia de las imágenes raras en comparación con las imágenes normales, en listas mixtas, con oraciones simples (Experimento1 y 2) y complejas (Experimento 3 y 4), con aprendizaje incidental (Experimto 1 y 3) y aprendizaje intencional (Experimento 2 y 4). Se midió el efecto de lo raro inmediatamente después del aprendizaje, al cabo de un día y de una semana. Como variables dependientes hemos utilizado el recuerdo, el acceso a la oración, el número de ítems recordados por oración, el número de oraciones totalmente recordadas, y el reconocimiento. No se ha encontrado un efecto claro de lo raro con ninguna de las variables estudiadas, ni independientes, ni dependientes. Los peores resultados se han conseguido con el aprendizaje intencional (Experimento 2 y 4). Se discuten los resultados y se proponen nuevas líneas de investigaciónFor centuries bizarre imagery has been an aid to memory yet the precise conditions for its optimum effectiveness remain unknown. Bizarre imagery has been reported to be effective under certain conditions: free immediate recall, mixed lists, and incidental learning. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of bizarre imagery in comparison to normal imagery, in mixed lists with simple sentences (Experiment 1 and 2) and complex sentences (Experiment 3 and 4), with incidental learning (Experiment 1 and 3) and intentional learning (Experiment 2 and 4). In all the experimental conditions, bizarre imagery was assessed immediately after learning, at a 1-day, and at a 1-week interval. Dependent variables were as follows: recall, sentence access, number of items recalled per sentence, number of sentences fully recalled, and recognition. No clear effect was found between bizarre and any of the independent or dependent variables under study. The lowest efficacy was observed with intentional learning (Experiment 2 and 4). The results are discussed in the light of further lines of investigationS

Vapor-Phase Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Using Hybrid Methylammonium Copper and Lead Perovskites

[EN] Films or powders of hybrid methylammonium copper halide perovskite exhibit photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting in the vapor phase in the absence of any sacrificial agent, resulting in the generation of H-2 and O-2, reaching a maximum production rate of 6 mu mol H-2 x g cat(-1)h(-1) efficiency. The photocatalytic activity depends on the composition, degreasing all inorganic Cs2CuCl2Br2 perovskite and other Cl/Br proportions in the methylammonium hybrids. XRD indicates that MA(2)CuCl(2)Br(2) is stable under irradiation conditions in agreement with the linear H-2 production with the irradiation time. Similar to copper analogue, hybrid methylammonium lead halide perovskites also promote the overall photocatalytic water splitting, but with four times less efficiency than the Cu analogues. The present results show that, although moisture is strongly detrimental to the photovoltaic applications of hybrid perovskites, it is still possible to use these materials as photocatalysts for processes requiring moisture due to the lack of relevance in the photocatalytic processes of interparticle charge migration.This research was funded by the Fundacion Ramon Areces (XVII Concurso Nacional para la adjudicacion de Ayudas a la Investigacion en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia), Intramural CSIC project 201680I006, and the Spanish Ministry of Spain Severo Ochoa Program, grant number SEV-2016-0683, grant number MAT2015-69669-P.García, T.; García-Aboal, R.; Albero-Sancho, J.; Atienzar Corvillo, PE.; García Gómez, H. (2020). Vapor-Phase Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Using Hybrid Methylammonium Copper and Lead Perovskites. Nanomaterials. 10(5):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050960S11410

Adaptation and Validation in Spanish of the Source Credibility Measure in University Professors

El objetivo del estudio consistió en adaptar y validar al español la Escala de Credibilidad (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) para medir la credibilidad de los profesores universitarios. Los participantes fueron 352 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla pertenecientes a diversas titulaciones del área de las Ciencias Sociales. El análisis factorial exploratorio generó un modelo de tres factores alternativo al original. No obstante, tanto el modelo alternativo como el modelo original presentaron una adecuada consistencia interna no sólo en la escala global sino también en las tres subescalas; buenos índices de bondad de ajuste como confirmó el análisis factorial confirmatorio, apoyando así la estructura factorial de tres factores; invarianza por sexo y evidencia de validez concurrente con la motivación académica. Se concluye que el modelo original, así como el modelo alternativo de la Escala de Credibilidad son instrumentos válidos y fiables para medir la credibilidad de los docentes universitarios.The purpose of the study was to adapt to and validate to Spanish the Source Credibility Measure (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) to assess the credibility of university professors. The participants were 352 students from the University of Seville from different courses in the field of Social Sciences. The exploratory factor analysis generated an alternative three-factor model to the original one. However, both the alternative model and the original model presented adequate internal consistency not only in the global scale but also in the three subscales, good indexes of goodness of fit as demonstrated by the confirmatory factor analysis, supporting the factorial structure of three factors; invariance across sex and evidence of concurrent validity with academic motivation. It is concluded that the original model as well as the alternative model of the Source Credibility Measure are valid and reliable instruments to assess the credibility of university professors

The Use of Social Networks as a Communication Tool between Teachers and Students: A Literature Review

Social networks have drastically changed communication between people, constituting a means of everyday use by which information is created and shared in a simple, instantaneous way with the rest of the world. Although social networks were not initially created for academic purposes, they are gradually being used as a means of communication between teachers and students, making them an extremely important element in the teachinglearning process by offering new possibilities for communication and interaction as well as creating new learning spaces. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of social networks as a communication tool between teachers and students through a thorough bibliographical review. To do this, a systematic review of scientific documents containing data on teacher-student communication through social networks was carried out, resulting in a total of 96 documents published between 2006 and 2016 indexed in different internationally consulted databases. From the analyzed documents were extracted the educational levels in which research on teacherstudent communication in social networks were carried out; the most addressed social networks in the study of teacher-student interaction through social networks; the research areas that have been developed and the main results

Teacher credibility: a literature review

En los últimos años la credibilidad docente ha sido considerada como una de las variables más significativas en la comunicación profesor-alumno, constituyendo un elemento fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las investigaciones realizadas sobre la credibilidad docente se han centrado fundamentalmente en analizar las variables que afectan a ésta y su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio consistió en establecer el estado de la cuestión acerca de la credibilidad docente a través de una revisión de la literatura existente, estableciendo las variables que la afectan y determinando su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, PyscINFO y ERIC, seleccionándose para la revisión un total de 64 artículos científicos, publicados entre 1980 y 2018, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. En relación con las variables que afectan a la credibilidad de los docentes, se identificaron 8 categorías mientras que, con respecto al impacto de la credibilidad docente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, se identificaron 5 categorías, incluyéndose en cada una de ellas las principales aportaciones de los estudios incluidos en el análisis. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se destaca la influencia de los comportamientos de los profesores tanto en las evaluaciones de los estudiantes sobre los mismos como en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, por lo que se señala la necesidad de que los profesores tengan conductas positivas para ser percibidos por los estudiantes como personas creíbles y, por lo tanto, para que afecte positivamente al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.In recent years instructor credibility has been considered one of the most significant variables in the teacher-student communication, constituting a fundamental element in the teaching-learning process. Research on instructor credibility has mainly focused on analyzing the variables that affect instructor credibility and their impact on the teaching-learning process. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish the state of the art of teacher credibility through a review of the existing literature, establishing the variables that affect it and determining its impact on the teaching-learning process. A bibliographic search was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC databases, selecting for the review a total of 64 scientific articles, published between 1980 and 2018, that fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. After the analysis of the studies included in the review, in relation to the variables that affect teacher credibility, 8 categories were identified while, with regard to the impact of teacher credibility on the teaching-learning processes, 5 categories were identified, including in each of them the main contributions of the studies included in the analysis. Based on the obtained results, the influence of teachers’ behaviors on students’ evaluations and on the teaching-learning process is highlighted, which indicates the need for teachers to have positive behaviors to be perceived by students as credible people and, therefore, to positively affect the teaching-learning process