Rawls, tolerancia internacional y las modernidades alternativas

El presente artículo analiza los problemas de la transición desde un modus vivendi hasta una concepción moral de la tolerancia liberal y su extensión al ámbito internacional en la obra de John Rawls. Para ello partimos de los problemas conceptuales implícitos en la experiencia de la Reforma europea como acontecimiento inspirador del liberalismo político y analizamos su desarrollo y acomodación a un contexto globalizado contemporáneo. Prestamos especial atención a los problemas que se plantean en las sociedades liberales con respecto al compromiso con los movimientos de disidencia transformadores dentro de las jerarquías consultivas y las demandas de reconocimiento tolerante igualitario de estas sociedades no liberales. Defendemos que es posible una lectura alternativa dentro de este marco. Esta nos permite explorar el potencial de evolución reflexiva de la Sociedad de los Pueblos como utopía realista. Si las sociedades tradicionales poseen la capacidad de desarrollar «adaptaciones creativas» modernizadoras (modernidades alternativas) se darían las condiciones realistas para una estructura básica global más densa, un mayor nivel de cooperación internacional y cauces de institucionalización de derechos individuales.This article analyses the problems of the transition from a modus vivendi to a moral conception of toleration and its extension to the international realm in the work of John Rawls. This essay starts from conceptual problems implicit in the experience of the European Reform, an inspiring historical event in the emergence of political liberalism, and analyses its development and accommodation to the current globalized context. Special attention is paid to the problems arising from the commitment with dissenting transformative movements within consultation hierarchies and the demands of tolerant egalitarian recognition by non-liberal societies. We defend that it is possible to hold and alternative reading within this frame. It enables us to explore the potential for reflexive evolution in the Society of Peoples as a realistic utopia. If traditional societies peoples have the capacity to develop modernising «creative adaptations» (alternative modernities), there would be realistic conditions for a thicker global basic structure, a higher degree of international cooperation and channels institutionalise individual rights

Aproximaciones a la filosofía de la historia desde el pensamiento de Kant

Nos hemos propuesto un acercamiento a la comprensión filosófica del concepto de historia a la luz de la filosofía crítica de Kant. Nuestra idea en un principio era estudiar los textos sobre filosofía de la historia de Karl Marx. Sin embargo, rápidamente nos dimos cuenta de la complejidad de las ideas que presentaba en su obra y que, éstas, difícilmente eran accesibles sin haber leído a Georg Hegel. Así pues, nos dirigimos hacia este segundo filósofo tan sólo para descubrir que sus ideas eran igual de complejas y problemáticas que las de Marx, o incluso más. Al charlar con el tutor de este TFG sobre estas cuestiones comprendíamos que para tratar con justicia a estos autores no podíamos quedarnos en una lectura superficial de sus ideas, tal y como podemos encontrarlas en un libro de instituto. Tras muchos ensayos y borradores sobre Hegel estábamos en un estado un tanto desesperado que nos generó cierto hastío en lo que se refería a este trabajo de fin de grado. Entonces, hacia mitad del curso académico, en las vacaciones de invierno, retomamos por nuestra cuenta la lectura de los textos sobre filosofía de la historia de Immanuel Kant. La idea era tratar de ver la herencia que Hegel recibió del filósofo de Königsberg para, quizás, retomar con más ganas la redacción del trabajo. Sin embargo, nos dimos cuenta de la riqueza de las ideas del propio Kant y redactamos un pequeño ensayo sobre tales ideas. La intención al escribir este breve ensayo no era, en ningún caso, académica, es decir, fue concebido con cierto placer como un ejercicio privado. Pero dada la situación en la que nos encontrábamos con el TFG pensamos que, tal vez, sería una buena idea mostrárselo a nuestro tutor Fernando Longás. Y, sin duda, resulto ser una buena idea puesto que decidimos, apoyados por el tutor, que el trabajo podía centrarse en la filosofía de la historia desarrollada por Kant, y así recuperamos el entusiasmo necesario para escribir estas reflexiones que ahora presentamos.Departamento de Filosofía (Filosofía, Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Teoría e Historia de la Educación, Filosofía Moral, Estética y Teoría de las Artes)Grado en Filosofí

STED imaging performance estimation by means of Fourier transform analysis

Due to relatively high powers used in STED, biological samples may be affected by the illumination in the process of image acquisition. Similarly, the performance of the system may be limited by the sample itself. Optimization of the STED parameters taking into account the sample itself is therefore a complex task as there is no clear methodology that can determine the image improvement in an objective and quantitative manner. In this work, a method based on Fourier transform formalism is presented to analyze the performance of a STED system. The spatial frequency distribution of pairs of confocal and STED images are compared to obtain an objective parameter, the Azimuth Averaged Spectral Content Spread (AASCS), that is related to the performance of the system in which the sample is also considered. The method has been first tested on samples of beads, and then applied to cell samples labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. The results show that a single parameter, the AASCS, can be used to determine the optimal settings for STED image acquisition in an objective way, only by using the information provided by the images from the sample themselves. The AASCS also helps minimize the depletion power, for better preservation of the samples.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Teitos para selfis

Graña García, Armando and González Álvarez, David (2015): «Teitos para selfis». Atlántica XXII, 38: 56-59.N

Los efectos de las redes ciudadanas en la campaña electoral del 9-M

La campaña electoral del 9-M en España ha propiciado desde los medios digitales y audiovisuales un espacio de convergencia tecnológica orientada a potenciar la difusión de los mensajes electoralistas y a crear un espacio nuevo de promoción desde las nuevas plataformas emergentes, las redes ciudadanas. He aquí que la materia de nuestra investigación se centre en los efectos y herramientas que son utilizados por los partidos políticos con mayor representación parlamentaria. Para ello, repasamos alguna de las tecnologías empleadas durante esta campaña y su repercusión en el espacio digital. Así pues, proporcionaremos una metodología centrada en la observación del uso que se ha hecho de estas tecnologías durante la última campaña electoral. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis cualitativo extraído de las entrevistas y los informes obtenidos de los distintos gabinetes de comunicación y los representantes implicados en la campaña institucional del PP (Partido Popular) y el PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español).The election campaign of 9-M in Spain has led since digital media and audiovisual an area of convergence of technologies aimed at enhancing the dissemination of messages electioneering and créate a new space advocacy electioneering from new platforms emerging civic networks. Behold the subject of our investigation focuses on the effects and tools that are used by political parties with greater parliamentary representation. To that end, we look at some of the technologies employed during this campaign and its impact on the digital space. Thus, we will provide a methodology focused on observing the use made of these technologies during the last election campaign. The methodology has been qualitative analysis drawn from interviews and reports from the various cabinets communication and representatives involved in the campaign’s institutional PP (Partido Popular) and the PSOE (Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party)

Plataforma de formación online para la comunidad de inmigrantes senegaleses centrada en alfabetización mediática

This paper is result of a research Project PCI funded by AECID between University Carlos III of Madrid and University Cheikh Anta Diop. Our aim is to design and edit an e-learning platform characterized by a user interface adapted to the cultural heritage of Senegalese immigrant communities living in Madrid. This project, implemented by the NGO "Casa de Senegal" was developed using a qualitative methodology of participant observation and interviews with teachers and students of this center. As a result it has been developed a map of icons typical of Wolof culture for use in representing the commands in the e-learning platform: e-Senegalaise. Platform created specifically to provide a web environment for contextual learning in a Senegalese immigrant community. As a result it was found that Senegalese immigrants had digital and media skills enough to be able to act autonomously if possessed of a platform for media literacy. However, its competences are limited when try access to basic local news as strategy for his social integration. Local news such as training courses or social grants. A second conclusion is that access to local media plays an essential role for them as a factor of social inclusion as we find a greater integration between those with predominant local information. Este trabajo es resultado de una investigación financiada a través de un proyecto de cooperación PCI de la AECID, entre la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y la Universidad Cheik Anta Diop. Su objetivo es el diseño y edición de una plataforma de aprendizaje e-learning caracterizada por un interfaz de usuario adaptado al acervo cultural de las comunidades inmigrantes senegalesas residentes en Madrid. Este proyecto, aplicado en la ONG “Casa de Senegal", se desarrolló empleando una metodología cuanti-cualitativa de observación participante y entrevistas con docentes y discentes senegaleses del centro. Como resultado se ha ido elaborando un mapa de iconos propios de la cultura wolof para su utilización en la representación de los comandos en la plataforma de aprendizaje e-Senegalaise. Plataforma creada específicamente para proporcionar un entorno web contextual para el aprendizaje en una comunidad inmigrante senegalesa.Como resultado se constató que los inmigrantes senegaleses contaban con competencias digitales y mediáticas suficientes como para poder actuar de forma autónoma si disponían de una plataforma para su alfabetización mediática. Sin embargo, sus competencias se ven limitadas cuando tratan de acceder a noticias locales básicas facilitadoras de su integración, tales como noticias sobre cursos de formación o ayudas. Una segunda conclusión es que el acceso a los medios locales juega un papel esencial para ellos como factor de inclusión social dado que constatamos una mayor integración entre aquellos con mayor dominio de la información local

Peer Victimization in Overweight Adolescents and Its Effect on Their Self-Esteem and Peer Difficulties

This study has three objectives: to examine whether adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight differ from others in terms of offline victimization at school, cybervictimization, self-esteem, and difficulties relating to peers; to examine the possible effects of offline and cybervictimization on self-esteem and difficulties relating to peers; and to examine the possible moderating role of perceiving oneself as overweight on those effects. Previously validated questionnaires were applied to a sample of 3145 adolescents in Asturias (Spain). Descriptive, inferential, correlational, and structural equation analyses were performed. Adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight reported being victims of both offline victimization and most forms of cybervictimization to a greater extent than those who did not perceive themselves as overweight. They also reported lower self-esteem and more peer difficulties (shyness or social anxiety). In both groups of adolescents, victimization and cybervictimization were correlated with each other, both types of victimization had direct, negative effects on self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a direct, negative effect on peer difficulties. Furthermore, offline victimization had a direct, positive effect on peer difficulties. Perceiving oneself as overweight moderated the effect of self-esteem on peer difficulties. In adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight, low self-esteem was a stronger risk factor of peer difficulties than in the rest of the adolescents. With high overall self-esteem there were no significant differences in peer difficulties between the adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight and the rest of the adolescents

Training needs for a PhD programme in engineering education

©2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The field of Engineering Education (EngEd) is a relatively new discipline that is attracting a growing interest all around the world. Despite this interest in research in EngEd, there are still only a few PhD programmes in the area, the oldest being that established in 2004 at Purdue University. Although some research groups exist in Europe, to our knowledge there are only three PhD programmes: those in Aalborg, Chalmers and Uppsala. The Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – Barcelona Tech is a technical University providing degrees only in engineering, sciences and architecture. We have a strong commitment to high-quality education and face the same problems as other technical universities, such as the need to increase student attraction and retention, the development of an engineering identity and the acquisition of the professional competencies required in a global world. While we have been developing research in all those subjects, our next goal is to create a new PhD programme in Engineering, Science and Technology Education, with the first cohort due to begin in September, 2020. The structure of an EngEd PhD programme consists of a unique combination of engineering and education requirements. In order to design our program, we analysed the training courses offered by five programs (at Aalborg, Chalmers, Purdue, Uppsala, and Virginia Tech). This paper presents what we have learnt about the courses and learning objectives of those programmes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The profitability of value-added products in dairy farm diversification initiatives

A more open and competitive dairy market has encouraged certain dairy farms to adopt value-adding strategies in order to achieve a higher profitability, which may be important for farms’ survival. This paper investigated the role of some product characteristics in the profitability of value-added products in these farms. For this purpose, we used a unique database of 265 different products commercialized by 49 Spanish dairy farms that offers information on nine attributes of each product. Using hedonic models as a baseline, we examined the influence of these attributes on the margin per liter (ML) of the products. The results of the regression indicated that cheese and yogurt generated 0.688 and 1.518 € more of margin per liter than liquid milk. Similarly, we found a set of attributes that have a positive influence on ML, including possession of a certificate of protected designation of origin (PDO), the milk-type composition (proportion of sheep milk), a longer expiration period, and involvement in direct marketing strategies (DMS). However, other recognized attributes such as organic labeling, maturation period, size of the sales unit and returnable packaging did not have a significant influence on ML. Our findings also showed that firms producing more elaborated products as cheese and yogurt need a lower percentage of their production to cover the fixed costs associated to transformation and commercialization. Overall, our results revealed that the elaboration of value-added dairy products improves the profitability of dairy farms

Relaciones fiscales intergubernamentales en el sistema español de financiación de las comunidades autónomas

El sistema de financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas de régimen común que entró en vigor en el año 2002, ha significado un incremento importante de las competencias en materia tributaria (coparticipación de impuestos) de que disponen las mismas, estableciendo asimismo un nuevo sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales que tiene como objetivo asegurar la suficiencia financiera de las regiones. Este nuevo modelo se implanta en el momento en que todas las Comunidades Autónomas han alcanzado su techo competencial, asumiendo las competencias previstas en la Constitución Española de 1978, circunstancia que hace posible que se diseñe un sistema estable e integrado de financiación. Conocidos ya los primeros resultados del funcionamiento del sistema, al disponer de las liquidaciones correspondientes a los ejercicios 2002 y 2003, en este trabajo se analizan los avances conseguidos en términos de suficiencia financiera y de nivelación inter-territorial, y se ofrecen algunas conclusiones relevantes respecto a las principales cuestiones que aún quedan por resolver. The new financing system of the Common Autonomous Communities (2002) has meant an important rise of their tax powers (tax copartnership). Also, a new system of intergovernmental grants has been applied with the objective to assure the financial sufficiency of the Spanish Autonomous Communities. This new model is implanted when all the Autonomous Communities have reached their highest powers, according to the Spanish Constitution (1978), and a stable and integrated financing system was designed. Already known the first results of the model (2002 and 2003), in this paper the advances in financial sufficiency and equalization are analyzed, and we offer some conclusions regarding the main unfinished questions.Fiscal federalism, Intergovernmental grants, Autonomous Communities Financing, Sufficiency, Equalization, Federalismo Fiscal, Transferencias intergubernamentales, Financiación autonómica, Suficiencia, Nivelación