Variables related to sexual prejudice among Mexican health science students

The stigmatization and discrimination of non-heterosexual persons is a reality in some institutions of the Health Services, and among health sciences students. Objectives: To describe and predict the level of sexual prejudice in health sciences students, taking into account a set of qualitative and numerical variables on socio-demographic data, sexual life, social life, university (private or public) the student’s major (medicine or psychology), and clinical aspects. Methodology: A socio-demographic and life-history data questionnaire, an 8-item homophobia scale and a 16-item internalized homonegativity scale were applied to a non-probabilistic sample composed of 231 health sciences students. The predictive models were estimated by analyses of multinomial and ordinal regression. Results: Twelve percent of participants exhibited an attitude of open rejection towards nonheterosexual persons (including 0.9% who exhibited extreme rejection). Non-heterosexual orientation, having non-heterosexual friends and acceptance of one’s own homosexual desires were variables associated with lower levels of open rejection towards non-heterosexual persons. Only the two latter variables were significant predictive variables; they explained 21% of the variance in the ordinal regression model and 27% in the multinomial regression model. The percentage of the correct classification of cases of acceptance was high but the percentage of the correct classification of cases of rejection was low. Conclusion: The level of open rejection towards non-heterosexual persons is low. An exclusively heterosexual identity, affirming not to share aspects of the sexual sphere and not having personal contact with the stigmatized subject are determinants of open rejection. There exist other variables that were not taken into account in this study, as is deduced by the high percentage of unexplained varianc

Using Plant-Based Preparations to Protect Common Bean against Halo Blight Disease: The Potential of Nettle to Trigger the Immune System

[EN] Halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph), is responsible for severe losses in crop production worldwide. As the current agronomic techniques used are not effective, it is necessary to search for new ones which may prevent disease in common bean. In this study, we challenged four plant-based preparations (PBPs), with no other agronomic uses, as they come from industrial waste (grapevine pomace (RG) and hop residue (RH)) or wild plants (Urtica dioica (U) and Equisetum sp. (E)), to be used as immune defense elicitors against Pph in common bean. After studying their inhibitory effect against Pph growth by bioassays, the two most effective PBPs (RG and U) were applied in common bean plants. By measuring the total H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, as well as the expression of six defense-related genes—PR1, WRKY33, MAPKK, RIN4, and PAL1—, it was observed that U-PBP application involved a signaling redox process and the overexpression of all genes, mostly PR1. First infection trials in vitro suggested that the application of U-PBP involved protection against Pph. The elicitation of bean defense with U-PBP involved a decrease in some yield parameters, but without affecting the final production. All these findings suggest a future use of U-PBP to diminish halo blight disease.SIThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, grant number RTC-2016-5816-2

Using plant-based preparations to protect common bean against halo blight disease: the potential of nettle to trigger the immune system

Halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph), is responsible for severe losses in crop production worldwide. As the current agronomic techniques used are not effective, it is necessary to search for new ones which may prevent disease in common bean. In this study, we challenged four plant-based preparations (PBPs), with no other agronomic uses, as they come from industrial waste (grapevine pomace (R-G) and hop residue (R-H)) or wild plants (Urtica dioica (U) and Equisetum sp. (E)), to be used as immune defense elicitors against Pph in common bean. After studying their inhibitory effect against Pph growth by bioassays, the two most effective PBPs (R-G and U) were applied in common bean plants. By measuring the total H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, as well as the expression of six defense-related genes-PR1, WRKY33, MAPKK, RIN4, and PAL1-, it was observed that U-PBP application involved a signaling redox process and the overexpression of all genes, mostly PR1. First infection trials in vitro suggested that the application of U-PBP involved protection against Pph. The elicitation of bean defense with U-PBP involved a decrease in some yield parameters, but without affecting the final production. All these findings suggest a future use of U-PBP to diminish halo blight disease

La mujer no existe

Durante los últimos 30 años, desde prácticamente el inicio de nuestra democracia actual, las políticas sociales, desarrolladas por los distintos gobiernos1 para fomentar, promover e impulsar la integración de la mujer en todos los ámbitos de nuestra sociedad han sido muy numerosas y variadas. La integración efectiva y real de la mujer en una sociedad conservadora como la nuestra, en igualdad de condiciones con el hombre, se está consiguiendo muy lentamente y con mucho esfuerzo, existiendo, aún, una contaminación social, que se manifiesta de forma clara en las profesiones que elegimos mujeres y hombres, fundamentalmente debido a los roles de género, que la sociedad nos marca desde pequeños, definiendo determinadas Profesiones como “masculinas”, o “femeninas”. Se mantiene una desigualdad importante en nuestro sistema educativo reglado postobligatorio no universitario y más concretamente en algunos Ciclos Formativos de los dos niveles de nuestra Formación Profesional. La mujer no estudia especialidades tradicionalmente masculinas, y esta desproporción se pone de manifiesto de acuerdo con los datos2 de alumnas/os matriculados en Formación Profesional, y por lo tanto la empleabilidad de la mujer en estos sectores es nula o no existe

LA EDAD DEL BRONCE EN LA CUENCA BAJA DEL RÍO JABALÓN: ESTRUCTURAS TUMULARES Y FORTIFICACIONES EN ALTURA, UNA COMPLEJIDAD MANIFIESTA

At the end of the III and during the II millennia BCE, the La Mancha region knows a growing occupation of productive spaces and the necessary control of communication routes. This new reality shows, based on different placement patterns (in high places or on plains), various urban formations fortified in a complex or simple way and sometimes monumentalized through tumular architecture. The interrelation of these aspects evidences the complexity of the social organization and resource exploitation centered in water management. Their territorial distribution, sizes, shapes, and contents are different, not only from a chronological perspective but also from their ideological functions. Together with the last aspect, there is the emergence of conspicuous tumular structures that dominate the landscape and contrast with the Motillas. Their location, either inside the fortified settlements or outside them, placed at strategic points along the transit-access routes, are a new element of the settlement pattern.Al final del III milenio y durante el transcurrir del II milenio ANE, el territorio manchego ofrece información sobre una creciente ocupación de los espacios productivos y sobre el necesario control de las vías de comunicación. Su realidad material se manifiesta a través de diferentes patrones de emplazamiento, en altura o en llanura, con diversas formalidades urbanísticas, fortificadas de manera simple o compleja, en ocasiones monumentalizadas a través de arquitecturas tumulares. Su interrelación evidencia la complejidad de la explotación de los recursos del territorio, el primordial control del agua y el reflejo de una organización social jerarquizada. Su distribución territorial, sus tamaños, formas y contenidos son diferentes, no solo desde la perspectiva cronológica, sino también desde sus funciones ideológicas. A este último aspecto viene a sumarse la emergencia de estructuras tumulares conspicuas, que dominan el paisaje y contrastan con las construcciones tumulares de las motillas. Sus emplazamientos, bien en el interior de los poblados fortificados, o bien en el exterior, situados en puntos estratégicos de las vías de tránsito-acceso, muestran un novedoso elemento dentro del patrón de asentamiento

Phase transitions in PbTiₓHf₁₋ₓO₃ determined by thermal analysis and impedance spectroscopy

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of partial substitutions of Ti⁴⁺ by isovalent Hf⁴⁺ in the perovskite-type crystalline structure of PbTiO₃. Different samples over the whole composition range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) in the PbTi₁₋ₓHfₓO₃ family have been prepared. Phase transitions have been determined by thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimeter: DSC) and complex impedance spectroscopy (IS) over a wide temperature range. As a consequence of the cation replacement the changes that take place in the different phase transition temperature are reported. By both techniques, thermal analysis and electrical characterization, it is shown that for all compositions prepared there is only one phase transition in a temperature range between 230 and 460 °C. With these results and the previously known crystalline structure of pure PbTiO₃ and PbHfO₃ perovskites, the phase diagram of the PbTi₁₋ₓHfₓO₃ family is presented including a morphotropic phase transition at x ~ 0.5.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Immune Priming Triggers Cell Wall Remodeling and Increased Resistance to Halo Blight Disease in Common Bean

[EN] The cell wall (CW) is a dynamic structure extensively remodeled during plant growth and under stress conditions, however little is known about its roles during the immune system priming, especially in crops. In order to shed light on such a process, we used the Phaseolus vulgaris- Pseudomonas syringae (Pph) pathosystem and the immune priming capacity of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). In the first instance we confirmed that INA-pretreated plants were more resistant to Pph, which was in line with the enhanced production of H2O2 of the primed plants after elicitation with the peptide flg22. Thereafter, CWs from plants subjected to the different treatments (non- or Pph-inoculated on non- or INA-pretreated plants) were isolated to study their composition and properties. As a result, the Pph inoculation modified the bean CW to some extent, mostly the pectic component, but the CW was as vulnerable to enzymatic hydrolysis as in the case of non-inoculated plants. By contrast, the INA priming triggered a pronounced CW remodeling, both on the cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and CW proteins, which resulted in a CW that was more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, the increased bean resistance against Pph produced by INA priming can be explained, at least partially, by a drastic CW remodeling.SIThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, grant number RTC-2016-5816-2

Perturbed angular correlation study of Ta-181-doped PbTi1-xHfxO3 compounds

In this work, the hyperfine quadrupole interaction at Ta-doped PbTi1-xHfxO3 polycrystalline samples is studied for the first time. Powders with x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) analyses were done as a function of temperature, using low concentration Ta-181 nuclei as probes. In the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases of these compounds two sites were occupied by the probes. For each site the quadrupole frequency, asymmetry and relative distribution width parameters were obtained as a function of temperature above and below the Curie temperature (T-C). One of these sites was assigned to the regular Ti-Hf site, while the other one was assigned to some kind of defect. The behavior of the hyperfine parameters as a function of temperature was analyzed in terms of a recent published phase diagram and the presence of disorder below and above T-C. For the three compositions measured, the obtained hyperfine parameters present discontinuities which correspond to the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. In both phases it was found broad frequency distributed interactions. The disorder in the electronic distribution would be responsible for the broad line width of the hyperfine interaction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The 2-isocyanoazulene-gold(I) fragment as a versatile element for organometallic dyes and liquid crystals

Producción CientíficaThis manuscript reports the synthesis and liquid crystal behavior of isocyanoazulene gold(I) complexes [AuX (CN-Az)] (Az = azulene; X = halide, perhalophenyl or alkynyl) and [μ-4,4′-C6F4C6F4{Au(CN-Az)}2]. The comparison of the X-ray structures of homologous compounds, reveals that the introduction of a long substituent in the system produces a loss of molecular planarity that induces a decrease in the melting temperatures. The free 2-isocyanoazulene is not a liquid crystal itself, but its gold complexes bearing a C10 hydrocarbon chain display a SmA mesophase, whose formation is driven by nanosegregation between molten chains and aromatic parts. The free isocyanide is strongly colored and displays fluorescence in solution associated with the azulene fragment, which is largely diminished upon coordination to the gold fragment.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Project CTQ2017-89217-P)Junta de Castilla y León (Project VA038G18

Optoelectronic analysis of technical factors and performance of elite-level air pistol shooting.

Technical elements are related to shooting performance; however, the importance of each factor regarding performance, especially in elite-level pistol shooters, remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the technical factors that influence pistol performance. One elite-level shooter was analysed during the season before the Olympic classification European championship through a total of six competitions (n = 360 shots). Aiming point trajectories were measured with the SCATT optoelectronic system. Variables were classified into six categories: performance; aiming time; stability of hold; aiming accuracy; cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Principal component analysis, multiple regressions, Pearson correlations and ANOVAs were used to analyse the data. The results showed that five components (aiming time, stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta) determined a total of 79.68% of the shooting variance. Specifically, aiming accuracy and cleanness of triggering explained up to 25% of the shooting score, with cleanness of triggering serving as the determining factor. Correlations were found among the performance and stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Last, significant differences were found among 8-score, 9-score and 10-score shots. We conclude that while aiming accuracy seems to be related to the performance, cleanness of triggering could be the most critical technical element; furthermore, while stability of hold does not seem to be a determining factor of the score, it could be a general prerequisite to achieve high levels of performance in elite-level air pistol shooters.post-print470 K