Patomechanics of the digital deformity and distribution of the pressures in stance phase

Introducción: Existen tres modelos patomecánicos de deformidad digital. Modelo por estabilización flexora, modelo por sustitución flexora y modelo por sustitución extensora. Cada uno se produce en una fase determinada del proceso de la marcha. Las presiones plantares son las cargas que recibe el pie cuando esta en contacto con el suelo. Material y métodos: 25 participantes, 15 por estabilización flexora estudiándose 30 pies, 9 por sustitución extensora estudiándose 18 pies y 1 por sustitución flexora estudiándose 1 pie. Se valoraron las presiones plantares en el apoyo medio con una plataforma de presiones. Resultados: En el modelo de estabilización flexora los metatarsianos que mas carga recibían eran el 2º y 3º, y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre 2º y 3º, y 1º y 4º, entre el resto si las hubo. Lo mismo sucedió en el modelo de sustitución extensora. En el modelo se sustitución flexora no se realizo ninguna prueba ya que la muestra no era representativa. Conclusión: los metatarsianos que mas carga recibían se correspondían con los dedos afectados por deformidad digital.There are three patomechanics models of digital deformity. Flexor stabilization model, flexor replacement model and extensor replacement model. Each is produced in a given phase of the process of the march. Plantar pressures are burdens which receives the foot when in contact with the ground. Materials and methods: 25 participants, 15 are of flexor stabilization studing 30 feet, 9 by extensor replacement estudiandose 18 feet and 1 for flexor replacement studing 1 foot. Plantar pressures were measured in supporting medium with a platform of pressure. Results: In the flexor stabilization model the pressure of 2º and 3ºmetatarsals are greater than rest of metatarsals, and there were no significant differences between 2º and 3º, and 1º and 4º metatarsals. The same model succeeded in extensor replacement. The model replacement flexora not perform any evidence because the sample was not representative. Conclusion: metatarsal what else are receiving pressure have relation with toes affected with digital deformity

Relationship between digital deformities and the pathophysiologic of the digital deformity

Introducción: Existen tres modelos patomecánicos de deformidad digital. Modelo por estabilización flexora, modelo por sustitución flexora y modelo por sustitución extensora. Cada uno se produce en una fase determinada del proceso de la marcha. Las presiones plantares son las cargas que recibe el pie cuando esta en contacto con el suelo. Material y métodos: 23 participantes, 14 por estabilización flexora estudiándose 22 pies, 8 por sustitución extensora estudiándose 13 pies y 1 por sustitución flexora estudiándose 1 pie. Se valoraron las presiones plantares en el apoyo medio con una plataforma de presiones. Resultados: En el modelo de estabilización flexora los metatarsianos que mas carga recibían eran el 2º y 3º, y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre 2º y 3º, entre el resto si las hubo. Lo mismo sucedió en el modelo de sustitución extensora pero tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el 1º y 4º metatarsianos. En el modelo se sustitución flexora no se realizo ninguna prueba ya que la muestra no era representativa. Conclusión: los metatarsianos que mas carga recibían se correspondían con los dedos afectados por deformidad digital.Introduction: There are three patomechanics models of digital deformity. Flexor stabilization model,flexor rlepacement model and extensor replacement model. Each is produced in a given phase of the process of the march. Plantar pressures are burdens which receives the foot when in contact with the ground. Materials and methods: 23 participants, 14 are of flexor stabilization studing 22 feet, 8 by extensor replacement estudiandose 13 feet and 1 for flexor replacement studing 1 foot. Plantar pressures were measured in supporting medium with a platform of pressure. Results: In the flexor stabilization model the pressure of 2º and 3ºmetatarsals are greater than rest of metatarsals, and there were no significant differences between 2º y 3º, y 1º y 4º metatarsals. The same model succeeded in extensor replacement and there were no significant differences between 2º and 3º, and 1º and 4º metatarsals. The model replacement flexora not perform any evidence because the sample was not representative. Conclusion: metatarsal what else are receiving pressure have relation with toes affected with digital deformity

Mixing and m(q) dependence of axial vector mesons in the Coulomb gauge QCD model.

We discuss pure q (q) over bar axial-vector mesons in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation of the Coulomb-gauge QCD model from North Carolina State University. While recent studies have put emphasis in configuration mixing with open meson-meson channels, we here concentrate on the simpler closed-channel problem and follow the 1(+) mixing through a wide range of quark masses. We also examine their radial excitations and discuss with them the concept of insensitivity to chiral symmetry breaking

OPTIMAL REACTIVE STRENGTH INDEX: IS IT AN ACCURATE VARIABLE TO OPTIMIZE PLYOMETRIC TRAINING EFFECTS ON MEASURES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS?

This study aimed to compare the effects of drop-jump training using a fixed drop-box height (i.e., 30-cm [FIXED]) vs. an optimal (OPT) drop-box height (i.e., 10-cm to 40-cm: generating an OPT reactive strength index [RSI]) in youth soccer players' physical fitness. Athletes were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 24; age = 13.7 years), a fixed drop-box height group (FIXED, n = 25; age = 13.9 years), or an OPT drop-box height group (OPT, n = 24; age = 13.1 years). Before and after 7 weeks of training, tests for the assessment of jumping (countermovement jump [CMJ], 5 multiple bounds), speed (20-m sprint time), change of direction ability (CODA [Illinois test]), strength {RSI and 5 maximal squat repetition test (5 repetition maximum [RM])}, endurance (2.4-km time trial), and kicking ability (maximal kicking distance) were undertaken. Analyses revealed main effects of time for all dependent variables (p < 0.001, d = 0.24-0.72), except for 20-m sprint time. Analyses also revealed group 3 time interactions for CMJ (p, 0.001, d = 0.51), depth jump (DJ) (p < 0.001, d = 0.30), 20-m sprint time (p < 0.001, d = 0.25), CODA (p < 0.001, d = 0.22), and 5RM (p < 0.01, d = 0.16). Post hoc analyses revealed increases for the FIXED group (CMJ: 7.4%, d = 0.36; DJ: 19.2%, d = 0.49; CODA: 23.1%, d = 20.21; 5RM: 10.5%, d = 0.32) and the OPT group (CMJ: 16.7%, d = 0.76; DJ: 36.1%, d = 0.79; CODA: 24.4%, d = 20.34; 5RM: 18.1%, d = 0.47). Post hoc analyses also revealed increases for the OPT group in 20-m sprint time (23.7%, d = 0.27). Therefore, to maximize the effects of plyometric training, an OPT approach is recommended. However, using adequate fixed drop-box heights may provide a rational and practical alternative

Análisis emergético del policultivo de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) y bocachico (Prochilodus sp.) en la estación piscicola Vai, municipio de el Doncello – Caquetá - Colombia

El concepto de emergía fue utilizados para evaluar la sustentabilidad ambiental de la producción en policultivo de las especies Cachama Blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) y Bocachico (Prochilodus sp.) en la Estación Piscícola Vai, ubicada en el Municipio de El Doncello, Departamento del Caquetá – Colombia, con datos suministrados por la Asociación de Acuicultores del Caquetá, ACUICA. La emergía se define como la energía disponible usada en el trabajo de fabricación de un producto o servicio. Valores de 73,7% para el índice de renovabilidad, 1520000 sej/J para la transformidad, 3,842 para la razón de producción emergética, 0,352 para razón de inversión emergética, 0,356 para la razón de carga ambiental y 2,966 para la razón de cambio emergético fueron obtenidos para el sistema en estudio. Se encontró que la producción de cachama tiene una alta dependencia de recursos naturales renovables y presenta mejores índices de renovabilidad que otros sistemas pecuarios ya estudiados (Ortega, Queiroz, Boyd, Ferraz, 2000). Esto implica el desarrollo de una política pública de protección ambiental que contribuyan a la conservación de las fuentes superficiales de agua, que es el recurso natural renovable que más emergía aporta al sistema productivo

Efecto de 2 y 4 meses de práctica de fútbol en el desarrollo osteogénico de niños prepuberales

Football for children and young people has been used as a tool to improve health and prevent future diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate, the effect of 2- and 4-month participation in an osteogenic sport such as football on the variables of bone mineral content and bone mineral density in pre-pubertal children. Twenty under-10 children (9.5 ± 1.4 years old) who were doing football training 3 hours a week and were at the Tanner I stage were included. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured using a dual energy X-ray absorber. The results showed an increase in the values of bone mineral content and total bone mineral density after two months of practice (p&lt;0.05; TE: 0.11 and TE: 0.27 respectively), significantly higher values after four months of practice compared to the initial value and the value after two months (p&lt;0.05; TE: 0.40 and TE: 0.13 respectively). Significant increase in bone mineral content and bone mineral density in the legs after two and four months of practice (p&lt;0.05; TE: 0.43 and TE: 0.40 respectively). Our data suggest that a 2- and 4-month recreational football training programme is beneficial for the osteogenic development and health of children during the pre-pubertal stage.El fútbol en edad infantil o juvenil se ha utilizado como una herramienta para mejorar la salud y prevenir futuras enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar) el efecto de la participación de 2 y 4 meses en un deporte osteogénico como el fútbol en las variables de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea en niños prepuberales. Se incluyeron 20 niños de categoría sub-10 (9,5 ± 1,4 años) que realizaban entrenamiento de fútbol 3 horas a la semana y se encontraban en la etapa de Tanner I. Los valores de densidad mineral ósea y contenido mineral óseo se midieron mediante un absorciómetro de rayos X de doble energía. Los resultados mostraron un incremento de los valores de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea total tras los dos meses de práctica (p&lt;0,05; TE: 0,11 y TE: 0,27 respectivamente), valores significativamente mayores tras cuatro meses de práctica en comparación con el valor inicial y el valor tras dos meses (p&lt;0,05; TE: 0,40 y TE: 0,13 respectivamente). Aumento significativo de contenido mineral óseo y densidad mineral ósea en las piernas a los dos y cuatro meses de práctica (p&lt;0,05; TE: 0,43 y TE: 0,40 respectivamente). Los datos sugieren que un programa de entrenamiento de fútbol recreativo de 2 y 4 meses es beneficioso para el desarrollo osteogénico y la salud de los niños durante la etapa prepuberal

Aromatic polyamides and acrylic polymers as solid sensory materials and smart coated fibres for high acidity colorimetric sensing

We synthesized a solid sensory material for the extraction, detection and quantification of iron(III) in aqueous media. The material is a film-shaped colorless polymer membrane that exhibits gel behavior. The Fe(III) extraction and sensing characteristics are imparted by a new monomer derived from a natural product (i.e., Kojic acid), which exhibits chelating properties toward Fe(III). The sorption of Fe(III) on the membrane in water has been thoroughly characterized, including the sorption kinetics, sorption isotherms and profiles as a function of the pH. Fe(III) sorption followed pseudo first-order kinetics and required approximately 30 min to reach equilibrium. The maximum sorption capacity was approximately 0.04 mmol/g, and the sorption isotherms are well modeled by the Langmuir equation. The complexes that were found in the solid phase are in good agreement with those previously identified in the aqueous phase. Moreover, the sorption is highly specific (i.e., a recognition process) and results from the formation of a colored complex (iron(III)-Kojic acid derivative moieties). Therefore, the colorless sensory membrane turns red upon immersion in aqueous solutions containing Fe(III). The color output allows for both the qualitative visual determination of the Fe(III) concentration as well as also titration of Fe(III) using a) a UV/vis technique (limit of detection of 3.6 × 10−5 M; dynamic range of five decades, lower concentration = 1.65 × 10−6 M) and b) a computer vision-based analytical chemistry approach via color definition of the sensory membrane (RGB parameters) obtained from an image recorded with a handy device (e.g., a smartphone) (limit of detection of 2.0 × 10−5 M).Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-Feder (MAT2011-22544 and MAT2014-54137-R) and by the Consejería de Educación – Junta de Castilla y León (BU232U13

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

The study (FIS-PI18/00912) was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant no. Estatal de I + D + I 2013–2016) and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” and B2017/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM (Comunidad de Madrid), and Halekulani S.L.Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEUnión EuropeaComunidad de MadridInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIHalekulanipu

Optimal Reactive Strength Index: Is It an Accurate Variable to Optimize Plyometric Training Effects on Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Soccer Players?

This study aimed to compare the effects of drop-jump training using a fixed drop-box height (i.e., 30-cm [FIXED]) vs. an optimal (OPT) drop-box height (i.e., 10-cm to 40-cm: generating an OPT reactive strength index [RSI]) in youth soccer players' physical fitness. Athletes were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 24; age = 13.7 years), a fixed drop-box height group (FIXED, n = 25; age = 13.9 years), or an OPT drop-box height group (OPT, n = 24; age = 13.1 years). Before and after 7 weeks of training, tests for the assessment of jumping (countermovement jump [CMJ], 5 multiple bounds), speed (20-m sprint time), change of direction ability (CODA [Illinois test]), strength {RSI and 5 maximal squat repetition test (5 repetition maximum [RM])}, endurance (2.4-km time trial), and kicking ability (maximal kicking distance) were undertaken. Analyses revealed main effects of time for all dependent variables (p < 0.001, d = 0.24–0.72), except for 20-m sprint time. Analyses also revealed group × time interactions for CMJ (p < 0.001, d = 0.51), depth jump (DJ) (p < 0.001, d = 0.30), 20-m sprint time (p < 0.001, d = 0.25), CODA (p < 0.001, d = 0.22), and 5RM (p < 0.01, d = 0.16). Post hoc analyses revealed increases for the FIXED group (CMJ: 7.4%, d = 0.36; DJ: 19.2%, d = 0.49; CODA: −3.1%, d = −0.21; 5RM: 10.5%, d = 0.32) and the OPT group (CMJ: 16.7%, d = 0.76; DJ: 36.1%, d = 0.79; CODA: −4.4%, d = −0.34; 5RM: 18.1%, d = 0.47). Post hoc analyses also revealed increases for the OPT group in 20-m sprint time (−3.7%, d = 0.27). Therefore, to maximize the effects of plyometric training, an OPT approach is recommended. However, using adequate fixed drop-box heights may provide a rational and practical alternative

Teaching strategy "The free throws": didactic innovation in the classroom

Durante muchos años los profesores se han encontrado con estudiantes desmotivados o aburridos en el aula de clases. El objetivo de este artículo es la proposición de la práctica pedagógica, los “Tiros Libres”, la cual crea una metáfora entre el deporte y el aula de clase, favoreciendo la participación y el protagonismo del estudiante durante el proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje. A través de la gamificación y trabajo en equipo se potencia la intercreatividad y el desarrollo de competencias que buscan formar ciudadanos integrales, capaces de trabajar de manera individual o grupal y ser capaces de formular estrategias para llevar a cabo una planificación estratégica orientada a la obtención de resultados. La práctica pedagógica se basa en dos teorías: El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y la Pirámide de Aprendizaje de Edgar Dale. Se realizó una evaluación de impacto en de la estrategia en tres escenarios diferentes para así determinar su efectividad. Los resultados de la evaluación de impacto bajo lost res escenarios estudiados muestran mejora de hasta 1.58 sobre el promedio de los estudiantes así como una mayor confianza para hablar en público y fortalecimiento del trabajo en equipo.For many years teachers have found unmotivated or bored students in the classroom. The objective of this article is the proposal of the pedagogical practice, the "Free Shots", which creates a metaphor between the sport and the classroom, favoring the participation and the protagonism of the student during the teaching-learning process. Through gamification and teamwork, intercreativity and the development of competencies that seek to form integral citizens, capable of working individually or in groups and being able to formulate strategies to carry out strategic planning aimed at obtaining results. The pedagogical practice is based on two theories: Problem-Based Learning and Edgar Dale's Learning Pyramid. An impact evaluation of the strategy was carried out in three different scenarios in order to determine its effectiveness. The results of the impact evaluation under the scenarios studied show improvement of up to 1.58 on the average of the students as well as a greater confidence to speak in public and strengthening teamwork