Validation and Adaptation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of Physical Education

Physical education (PE), by its own characteristics, is a subject where social communication is especially promoted. However, it is necessary to have tools that evaluate the social behaviour of students during PE classes. For this reason, we propose to validate and adapt the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale to the Spanish context of PE classes. The study involved 1081 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.83; SD = 1.27). The psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavior Scale were analyzed through several statistical analyses. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis and the exploratory factorial analysis supported the internal structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the scale was invariant to gender. Cronbach’s alpha values were higher than 0.70 in the factors and sub-factors, finally showing adequate levels of temporal stability. Taking into account the results achieved in the present study, PE teachers have an effective tool to assess the social and antisocial behaviour of their students’ students during PE classes

Tornillos expansivos: Un recurso en la artrodesis lumbosacra

En los últimos años han aparecido numerosos sistemas de fijación transpedicular que han hecho evolucionar a esta técnica. En 1991 se diseñó el sistema OMEGA 21 que permite la posibilidad de utilización de tornillos expansivos en artrodesis lumbosacra: un caso de fractura estallido, una fractura patológica en el seno de una columna osteoporótica, una cirugía de revisión en una fractura vertebral y un caso de desmontaje de un sistema de fijación transpedicular. En total fueron colocados 11 tornillos expansivos apareciendo la rotura de uno de ellos a los 15 meses. El tornillo expansivo permite la utilización de la fijación transpedicular en situaciones especiales, teniendo dos indicaciones precisas: casos con osteoporosis grave y cirugía de revisión.In recent years numerous pedicular fixation systems have appeared, revolutionizing the technique. In 1991, the OMEGA-21 system was designed to allow the use of expansive screws in lumbosacral arthrodesis: one burst fracture, one pathologic fracture in an osteoporotic spine, one revision surgery of a vertebral fracture and one disassembly of a pedicular fixation system. In total, 11 expansive screws were placed, one of them appearing broken 15 months after implantation. Expansive screws allows the use of pedicular fixation in special situations, having two precise indications: severe osteoporosis and revision surgery

El papel de los recursos naturales en los conflictos territoriales de Sinkiang y Tíbet en la República Popular China

More than 1,437 million people inhabit China. More than 91% are ethnic Han, leaving the rest divided into more than fifty groups officially recognized as minority nationalities. The history of China has seen clashes between some minority groups and the State, even of a secessionist nature. Some of them reach the present day, as in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet. This article examines the weight that natural resources and other geopolitical benefits for the Chinese State can have in both territories. The working hypothesis is that these resources and benefits are essential for China's economic and geopolitical interests.En China viven más de 1.437 millones de personas. Más del 91% son de etnia Han, quedando el resto dividido en más de cincuenta grupos reconocidos oficialmente como nacionalidades minoritarias. La historia de China ha visto enfrentamientos entre algunos grupos minoritarios y el Estado, incluso de carácter secesionista. Algunos de ellos llegan hasta nuestros días, como en la Región Autónoma Uigur de Sinkiang y en Tíbet. Este artículo presenta el peso que los recursos naturales y otros beneficios geopolíticos para el Estado chino pueden tener en ambos territorios. La hipótesis de trabajo es que estos recursos y beneficios son esenciales para los intereses económicos y geopolíticos de China

Tensor products of ideal codes over Hopf algebras

We study indecomposable codes over the well-known family of Radford Hopf algebras. We use properties of Hopf algebras to show that tensors of ideal codes are ideal codes, extending the corresponding result given in a previous paper where we study codes as ideals over the family of Taft Hopf Algebras and showing that in this new case, semisimplicity is lost

Implantación en Mallorca de un programa de Tratamiento multimodal de la Carcinomatosis Peritoneal mediante Quimioterapia Sistémica, Cirugía Citorreductora y Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica (HIPEC)

Introducción: Las investigaciones de Sugarbaker et al demostraron desde principios de los 90 que muchos tumores de origen colorrectal y apendicular con extensión peritoneal pueden permanecer limitados al abdomen durante períodos relativamente largos antes de desarrollar metástasis a distancia. Con ello, la carcinomatosis peritoneal pasó de considerarse desde una perspectiva sistémica y prácticamente terminal a concebirse como una enfermedad loco-regional, susceptible de rescate quirúrgico y oncológico, con un aumento de la supervivencia. Los estudios experimentales de la cirugía citorreductora radical asociada a la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica ofrecen mejores resultados en términos de supervivencia a largo plazo y de calidad de vida que los tratamientos convencionales. El tratamiento actual de la carcinomatosis peritoneal es multimodal, con tres líneas de acción: 1. Quimioterapia intravenosa preoperatoria de inducción; 2. Cirugía citorreductora y peritonectomía, y 3. Quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica. Su base científica se fundamenta en el sinergismo entre la hipertermia y varios quimioterápicos (Mitomicina-C, Cisplatino, Oxaliplatino, etc), en la citotoxicidad directa del calor sobre las células tumorales y en las ventajas farmacocinéticas de la quimioterapia administrada por vía intraperitoneal. Metodología: Objetivos del Programa: 1. Desarrollo del Protocolo de tratamiento multimodal oncológico y quirúrgico. 2. Formación continuada del grupo de trabajo multidisciplinario. 3. Formación continuada en el manejo de la técnica de perfusión de quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica. 4. Aplicación de un protocolo de seguridad laboral. 5. Definición de indicadores de resultados. 6. Diseño de base de datos informatizada para explotación de resultados. 7. Seguimiento y registro de morbilidad y mortalidad. 8. Seguimiento y análisis de supervivencia a medio y largo plazo. Evaluación clínica preoperatoria y estudio de extensión tumoral. 1. Indicaciones clínicas. Tipos de tumores. 2. Selección de pacientes. Criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. 3. Evaluación oncológica preoperatoria. 4. Evaluación radiológica preoperatoria. 5. Algoritmo de actuación. 6. Seguimiento de pacientes. 7. Seguridad laboral. Resultados: Hace cinco años se puso en marcha en el Hospital Son Llàtzer el programa completo de cirugía citorreductora con quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica para el tratamiento de la carcinomatosis peritoneal. Se han intervenido 46 pacientes (40 mujeres y 6 hombres), con una edad media de 58.3 años (47-73 años). De los 46 pacientes, 30 lo eran con cáncer de ovario, y en ellos se realizó cirugía citorreductora seguida de quimioterapia sistémica sin aplicación de quimioterapia intraperitoneal. El programa de cirugía citorreductora y quimioterapia intraperitoneal se compone de 17 pacientes en los que se realizaron un total de 20 procedimientos. El origen del tumor fue colorrectal en 11 casos, apendicular en 4 casos, gástrico en un caso y un mesotelioma peritoneal multiquísitico difuso. En 9 casos se realizó quimioterapia intraperitoneal normotérmica y en 11 casos quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC). La mortaliad perioperatoria fue de un 4.3% (tres pacientes). El índice de resecabildad tumoral fue de un 90.9%. En 17 casos (85%), se pudo conseguir una resección completa (CC-0). La morbilidad global fue de un 40%, siendo la complicación más frecuente la infección de catéter central. Fueron reintervenidos tres pacientes (hemorragia, fístula duodenal e isquemia mesentérica segmentaria). La duración media de la intervención fue de 6.5 horas y la estancia media de 18.2 días. La supervivencia media de los pacientes con diseminación peritoneal de origen colorrectal y apendicular ha sido de 27 y 31 meses respectivamente. La supervivencia global de los pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal de origen colorrectal al año, dos y tres años fue del 71%, 60% y 50% respectivamente. Conclusiones: a) La aplicación de un tratamiento multidisciplinar y multimodal puede mejorar de forma significativa la supervivencia en un grupo específico de pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal; b) Este tratamiento es costoso y complejo y supone una importante carga de trabajo para los profesionales y las instituciones, por lo que es esencial aplicar criterios rigurosos de selección de pacientes, fundamentados en la experiencia y en la evaluación por equipos multidisciplinares. Es esencial el diagnóstico precoz, el tratamiento de las complicaciones, el seguimiento de los pacientes y la evaluación continua de los resultados de morbilidad y supervivencia. c) los estudios randomizados en curso aportarán previsiblementeIntroduction: Research promoted since the early nineties by Sugarbaker et al in Washington, have demonstrated that many tumors of colorectal and appendiceal origen with peritoneal extension, may remain limited to the abdomen during relatively long periods before developing distant metastases. These findings have radically altered the consideration of peritoneal carcinomatosis from a systemic and almost terminal state, to a locoregional disease, with possibility of surgical and oncological rescue, and thus, increasing the survival. The results of experimental studies of radical cytoreductive surgery associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, have demonstrated better results in terms of long-term survival and quality of life than conventional treatments. The rationale for the current treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis is organized around a multimodal treatment with three courses of action: 1. Preoperative intravenous induction chemotherapy, 2. Cytoreductive surgery and peritonectomy, and 3. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The scientific basis of this multimodal treatment is based on the synergism between the hyperthermia and several cytostatic agents (mitomycin-C, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, etc.), the direct heat cytotoxicity on tumor cells, and the pharmacokinetic advantages of chemotherapy administered intraperitoneally. Methodology: Program Objectives were the following: 1. Development of Multimodal surgical and oncologic treatment protocol; 2. Continuing education of the multidisciplinary group; 3. Ongoing training in the hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy; 4. Application of a Work Safety Protocol; 5. Definition of indicators; 6. Design of database for exploitation of results; 7. Monitoring of morbidity and mortality, and 8. Monitoring and analysis of survival. Clinical evaluation and preoperative tumor extension study. 1. Clinical Indications. Types of tumors; 2. Patient selection. Inclusion and exclusion criteria; 3. Preoperative Evaluation Oncology; 4. Preoperative radiological evaluation; 5. Clinical pathway algorithm; 6. Patients follow-up, and 7. Laboral safety. Results: Five years ago, we started cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the Hospital Son Llàtzer. 46 patients were operated (40 women and 6 men) with a mean age of 58.3 years (47-73 years). Of these 46 patients, 30 were patients with ovarian cancer, and underwent cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy without applying systemic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The program consisted of 17 patients who underwent a total of 20 procedures. The origin of the tumor was colorectal in 11 cases, appendiceal in 4 cases, gastric in 1 case, and one case with a diffuse multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. The intraperitoneally chemotherapy administered was normothermic in 9 patients, and hyperthermic (HIPEC) in 11 cases. The perioperative mortality was 4.3% (three patients). The resectability index was 90.9%. In 17 cases (85%) it was possible to get a complete resection (CC-0). Overall morbidity was 40%. The most frequent complication was central catheter infection. Three patients required reoperation (postoperative bleeding, duodenal fistula, and segmental mesenteric ischemia). The mean operative duration was 6.5 hours. The average stay was 18.2 days. The median survival of patients with peritoneal dissemination of appendiceal and colorectal origin was 27 and 31 months respectively. Overall survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin was at one, two, and three years 71%, 60% and 50% respectively. Conclusions: a) The application of a multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment can significantly improve survival in a specific group of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. b) This treatment is expensive, complex and represents a significant workload for professionals and institutions, so it is essential to apply strict criteria for patient selection, based on experience and the evaluation by multidisciplinary teams. Similarly, it is essential to achieve an early diagnosis, treatment of complications, patient monitoring, and continuous evaluation of morbidity outcomes and survival. c) Randomized studies currently underway will provide more evidence on the expected benefit of this treatment, and establish lines to improve results

Predicting the dynamic criteria of basketball players: The influence of the 'Big Five', job experience, and motivation

The present study analyses the prediction of the effectiveness and its fluctuations of 34 semi-professional basketball players throughout a sport season using the dynamic criteria as theoretical framework. The predictor variables (the Big Five personality factors, job experience and motivation) were obtained by means of self-report, while effectiveness was determined through objective data (statistics of matches). The predictive models were developed using generalized maximum entropy formulation, and results show that: (1) the relevance of the predictors of effectiveness is different each time they are analysed; (2) all variables except conscientiousness predict the fluctuations, and openness to experience is the most influential predictor; and (3) job experience is less relevant than personality and motivation. Finally, some recommendations are made regarding the choice of predictors for the selection of basketball players

Dynamic Criteria: a Longitudinal Analysis of Professional Basketball Players" Outcomes

This paper describes the fluctuations of temporal criteria dynamics in the context of professional sport. Specifically, we try to verify the underlying deterministic patterns in the outcomes of professional basketball players. We use a longitudinal approach based on the analysis of the outcomes of 94 basketball players over ten years, covering practically players" entire career development. Time series were analyzed with techniques derived from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. These techniques analyze the underlying patterns in outcomes without previous shape assumptions (linear or nonlinear). These techniques are capable of detecting an intermediate situation between randomness and determinism, called chaos. So they are very useful for the study of dynamic criteria in organizations. We have found most players (88.30%) have a deterministic pattern in their outcomes, and most cases are chaotic (81.92%). Players with chaotic patterns have higher outcomes than players with linear patterns. Moreover, players with power forward and center positions achieve better results than other players. The high number of chaotic patterns found suggests caution when appraising individual outcomes, when coaches try to find the appropriate combination of players to design a competitive team, and other personnel decisions. Management efforts must be made to assume this uncertainty

Ejemplos de contextos sociales en los que es importante desarrollar el pensamiento crítico de los ciudadanos

El pensamiento crítico se considera clave para que los ciudadanos puedan desenvolverse de forma adecuada en una sociedad cada vez más implicada con la ciencia y la tecnología, como mostró un estudio Delphi realizado con un panel de expertos españoles relacionados con la ciencia resaltándolo como el aspecto del ámbito científico-tecnológico con mayor consenso. Este trabajo profundiza en los contextos sociales que los expertos de dicho estudio Delphi consideraron importantes para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico. Los ejemplos propuestos se categorizaron en tres contextos (salud, medioambiente y recursos naturales) y tres niveles de relevancia en la vida (personal, social y global). Este conjunto de contextos puede ayudar a los ciudadanos a desarrollar su capacidad de pensamiento crítico, tanto en la educación formal como informal.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Development of Magnetostrictive Transducer Prototype for Blockage Detection on Molten Salt Pipes

In solar thermal power plants molten salt is often used to store and transport the energy that is collected during the day. The external pipe temperature is measured to activate an electric heating system if the temperature approaches the melting point. However, salt solidification cannot be completely excluded from the plant management. Once occurred, the location of a salt blockage is very complex due to the high temperature of the pipe. Therefore, when this problem arises, power plants have to stop production with the consequences in time and cost that this entails. Electro-magnetic acoustic transducers can be used as non-destructive testing systems for this application. A method for salt blockage detection is proposed that is applicable in straight sections of pipes by employing torsional guided waves that are generated with magnetostrictive transducers. The present paper deals with the transducer conception and the design of the power supply to activate it. Two alternatives are proposed and compared to determine the improvement in the amplitude/noise ratio. Finally, the experimental results show the performance of the equipment in a small prototype, thus validating the technique presented

Bibliometric analysis on Educational Inspection in the Web of Science database

La Inspección Educativa es un organismo que vela por la calidad de la enseñanza y está regulada por las leyes de educación. Considerada como un eje fundamental de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar toda la producción científica existente sobre este tema en la base de datos WoS. Este estudio se ha centrado en el rendimiento, la relevancia conceptual y evolución de la producción sobre este tema tan importante para la educación. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio bibliométrico a base de técnicas de rastreo analítico y de cuantificación documental mediante una evaluación de rendimiento, análisis de producción científica de los autores y creación de mapas de ciencia, identificando la evolución conceptual del objeto de estudio en un marco longitudinal de un total de 369 documentos. Los resultados muestran que la evolución temática del campo de estudio no se encuentra definida, aunque se vislumbra una tendencia gracias a las investigaciones surgidas en el segundo periodo analizado, comprendido entre los años 2011 y 2015, que es la etapa más productiva en el número de investigaciones sobre esta temática. Se concluye que el objeto investigado empieza a ser de interés por parte de la comunidad educativa, gracias al relieve que está suscitando por parte de la comunidad científicaThe Educational Inspection is a body that oversees the quality of education and is regulated by education laws. It is considered a fundamental axis of the teaching and learning processes. The purpose of this paper was to identify all the existing scientific production on this topic in the WoS database. This study has focused on the performance, conceptual relevance and evolution of production on this very important subject for education. For this purpose, a bibliometric study has been carried out based on analytical tracking techniques and documentary quantification by means of an evaluation of performance, analysis of the scientific production of the authors and creation of science maps, identifying the conceptual evolution of the object of study in a longitudinal framework of a total of 369 documents. The results show that the thematic evolution of the field of study is not defined, although a trend can be seen thanks to the research carried out in the second period analysed, between 2011 and 2015, which is the most productive stage in the number of researches about this subject. It is concluded that the object researched is beginning to be of interest to the educational community, thanks to the importance it is raising on the part of the scientific communit