Like servants, like master. Patronage, violence and fraud. The Segura Nieto from Orce in the shadow of the Baroque

Este trabajo trata de analizar la fulgurante promoción social llevada a cabo por los Segura Nieto de Orce. Una progenie de origen pechero que, a través de una impresionante acumulación de tierras, honores y, sobre todo, cabezas de ganado, pasó a integrar la nómina de títulos del Reino. Empero, para llevar a cabo sus empresas no siempre utilizaron el camino de la ética y la ortodoxia, sino más bien todo lo contrario. Causas judiciales, extorsión, fraude o incluso asesinato fueron algunas de las excentricidades que subyacen tras la aparente imagen de magnificencia y suntuosidad de dicha parentela.The following research tries to analyze the brilliant social promotion carried out by the Segura Nieto from Orce. A progeny of pecheroorigin that, through the powerful accumulation of fields, honors and heads of cattle helped to introduce the list of titles of the Kingdom. However, to carry out their businesses, they did not always use the ethic and orthodoxy way, but the opposite side.Judicial causes, extortion, fraud and even murder were some of the eccentricities that are hidden behind the apparent image of magnificence and sumptuousness of said kinshi

A Sardinian galenist at the Bourbon Court. Protomedico don Pedro de Aquenza y Mossa (1715-1730)

Las páginas que siguen tratan cuestiones relativas al mundo sanitario en la España Moderna. Con el fin de extraer una imagen de conjunto más realista sobre la figura de los protomédicos castellanos, se ha vertebrado un trabajo en dos partes claramente diferenciadas. Una de corte jurídico e institucional, centrada en proporcionar una visión más depurada de lo que fue y representó el Real Tribunal del Protomedicato castellano; y otra mucho más social, donde se recoge la trayectoria profesional de don Pedro de Aquenza, su producción científica y literaria, las controvertidas corrientes de pensamiento que mantuvo hasta su muerte, las redes sociales que contribuyeron a su promoción, el estratégico papel jugado por sus herederos y los mecanismos utilizados para proyectar una imagen de superioridad sobre el resto de la población.Pages that follow address issues relating to the health world in the Spanish Modern age. In order to extract a much more realistic set image on the figure o f the Castilian protomedicos, the work has been divided into two distinct parts. A part of legal and institutional court, focused on providing a cleaner and purified view of what was and represented the Royal Protomedicato; by the other hand, the second one would be much more social, where the professional trajectory of don Pedro de Aquenza is collected, his scientific and literary production, the controversial currents of thought he held until his death, social networks that contributed to his promotion, strategic role played by his heirs and the mechanisms used to project an image of superiority over the rest of the population

New people and new blood, but the same rules of the game. The Council of Baza in the 18th century

Las páginas que siguen tratan de explicar la asimilación social llevada a cabo en las esferas del poder municipal de la ciudad de Baza. Estudiando, por un lado, a la oligarquía tradicional, asentada en el cabildo desde los tiempos de la conquista y que había ido aglutinando en torno a sus filas los principales cargos de representación; y por otro, a un grupo de gentes nuevas que, gracias a su floreciente poderío económico, esperaron al siglo XVIII para asaltar los oficios e instituciones locales. Permitiendo la regeneración total del sistema.In the pages that follow I will explain the social assimilation carried out in the spheres of the municipal power of the city of Baza. Studying, on one hand, the traditional oligarchy, established in the town council since the conquest times, pooled around their ranks key representation positions; and on the other hand, to a group of new people who, thanks to their flourishing economic power, waited until the 18th-century to assault the local offices and institutions, allowing with these strategies a total regeneration of the system

Modifying RANKL/OPG mRNA expression in differentiating and growing human primary osteoblasts

The OPG / RANKL system in primary cultures of human osteoblasts has been studied by di ff erent authors. However, very few studies have been performed on gene expression of RANKL and OPG at di ff erent stages of maturation on human osteoblast cultures.The e ff ect of 17-estradiol and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the OPG / RANKL system is not known during the di ff erent states of cellular maturation. In this work we quantifi ed OPG and RANKL protein levels (ELISA) and the mRNA of OPG, RANKL, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin (semi-quantita-tive RT-PCR) in human osteoblasts. We analyzed these in basal conditions and after incubation with 17- -estradiol and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the first and second phases. We found that OPG secretion and expression levels increased throughout cellular growth.RANKL proteins were detected only in the first stage, and the expression increased throughout the first phase. Thus, the RANKL / OPG ratio was higher in immature osteoblasts than in mature osteoblasts. The evolution of RANKL gene expression was related to collagen I and alkaline phosphatase, while OPG was related to osteocalcin. We observed no modi fi cations after estradiol and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment. Our results suggest that the OB is a positive stimulator at precocious stages of diff erentiation on osteoclastogenic modulates

Functional analysis of lipid metabolism genes in wine yeasts during alcoholic fermentation at low temperature

11 pages, 1 table, 6 figures.Wine produced by low-temperature fermentation is mostly considered to have improved sensory qualities. However few commercial wine strains available on the market are well-adapted to ferment at low temperature (10 – 15°C). The lipid metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a central role in low temperature adaptation. One strategy to modify lipid composition is to alter transcriptional activity by deleting or overexpressing the key genes of lipid metabolism. In a previous study, we identified the genes of the phospholipid, sterol and sphingolipid pathways, which impacted on growth capacity at low temperature. In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of these genes on fermentation performance and growth during low-temperature wine fermentations. We analyzed the phenotype during fermentation at the low and optimal temperature of the lipid mutant and overexpressing strains in the background of a derivative commercial wine strain. The increase in the gene dosage of some of these lipid genes, e.g., PSD1, LCB3, DPL1 and OLE1, improved fermentation activity during low-temperature fermentations, thus confirming their positive role during wine yeast adaptation to cold. Genes whose overexpression improved fermentation activity at 12°C were overexpressed by chromosomal integration into commercial wine yeast QA23. Fermentations in synthetic and natural grape must were carried out by this new set of overexpressing strains. The strains overexpressing OLE1 and DPL1 were able to finish fermentation before commercial wine yeast QA23. Only the OLE1 gene overexpression produced a specific aroma profile in the wines produced with natural grape must.This work has been financially supported by grants AGL2010-22001-C02-01 and PROMETEOII/2014/042 from the Spanish government and the Generalitat Valenciana, respectively, awarded to JMG. MLM wishes to thank the Spanish government for her FPI grant.Peer reviewe

Co-Existence of Inoculated Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Impact on the Aroma Profile and Sensory Traits of Tempranillo Red Wine

This study investigates the effects of simultaneous inoculation of a selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain with two different commercial strains of wine bacteria Oenococcus oeni at the beginning of the alcoholic fermentation on the kinetics of malolactic fermentation (MLF), wine chemical composition, and organoleptic characteristics in comparison with spontaneous MLF in Tempranillo grape must from Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Evolution of MLF was assessed by the periodic analysis of L-malic acid through the enzymatic method, and most common physiochemical parameters and sensory traits were evaluated using a standardized sensory analysis. The samples were analyzed by GC/MS in SCAN mode using a Trace GC gas chromatograph and a DSQII quadrupole mass analyzer. Co-inoculation reduced the overall fermentation time by up to 2 weeks leading to a lower increase in volatile acidity. The fermentation-derived wine volatiles profile was distinct between the co-inoculated wines and spontaneous MLF and was influenced by the selected wine bacteria used in co-inoculation. Co-inoculation allows MLF to develop under reductive conditions and results in wines with very few lactic and buttery flavors, which is related to the impact of specific compounds like 2,3-butanedione. This compound has been also confirmed as being dependent on the wine bacteria use

Technostress in Spanish University Students: Validation of a Measurement Scale

[Abstract] The increasingly widespread use of technology has led to the emergence of phenomena harmful to users such as technostress. Although technostress has already been studied in other contexts, it is still pending study in a university education environment, where the use of information and communication technologies is increasingly widespread. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt a technostress questionnaire for Spanish university students based on an instrument that had been designed in a Chinese university teaching population. A total of 1,744 Spanish university students from face-to-face and online universities completed the adapted Spanish technostress scale. Factorial analyses suggested the elimination of two items from the original scale and a model made up of five factors that fit, as in the original scale, within the person-environment misfit theory. The reduced scale also showed good internal consistency for all the items and the five resulting factors. These results support the psychometric properties of the reduced technostress scale in university students, and their validity when offering a complete view of the phenomenon in Spain

Technostress in Spanish University Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

[Abstract] One of the measures adopted by the government of Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the elimination of face-to-face classes in all universities, requiring that all teachers had to conduct their classes in an online mode. The objective of this article is to study how this adaptation among university teachers affected their job performance due to the technostress (objective and subjective) that they may have suffered. Based on the person-environment misfit theory (P-E fit theory), the sample consisted of 239 teachers from face-to-face and online universities in Spain who were asked to identify the type of technostress, feelings of technostress, and impact on job performance as a result of online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that teachers who suffered the most from the negative consequences of technology have been female teachers from face-to-face universities who are older, have more years of experience, and consequently, hold a higher position. Despite previous results none of the above variables have been significant in explaining the decline in job performance during confinement. It was also observed that although the effect on job performance was similar for online teachers as well as face-to-face teachers, the variables that explained this effect were different. For the online teachers, there was a misfit between the demands and resources, which are explained based on the previous theory (P-E fit theory). Teachers from face-to-face universities pointed to the lack of instructions from their organization, along with subjective feelings of techno-inefficacy, as the reasons behind the decline in job performance during the lockdown period. Looking ahead to future research on the incorporation of information and communications technology in teaching work, it is necessary to consider variables associated with technostress, both objective and subjective, in order to increase the effectiveness of integrating emerging technology into teaching work

Diabetes insípida central en un perro

Se describe un caso de diabetes insípida central [DIC] en un perro. Este caso es particularmente interesante pues se observan modificaciones electrolíticas poco habituales. En la discusión se comenta la posible etiología del proceso, los hallazgos analíticos y el procedimiento de diagnóstico elegido.It is described a case of canine central diabetes insipidus particularly interesting because is presented with very un usual electrolytic abnormalities. The etiology, the atypical electrolytic levels observed and the diagnostic method used are discussed