Diseño de una guía de apoyo para la valoración de la función práxica en la evaluación neuropsicológica aplicable a la asignatura de Neuropsicología General del Grado de Psicología y a otras asignaturas de Máster relacionadas

Memoria ID-0201. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Análise do processamento de relações conceituais em pacientes com afasia

Post stroke brain damage can affect the semantic system. This happens particularly in aphasic patients. The aim of this paper is to analyze in such patients the processing of two types of conceptual relations: taxonomic and thematic. We administered a series of tasks to assess the ability to establish and recognize conceptual relations by means of verbal and pictorial presentation. The results indicated that patients with non-fluent aphasia have greater difficulty recognizing the thematic relations, whereas fluent aphasics have greater difficulty in tasks requiring the recognition and establishment of taxonomic relationships. These results support the dissociation of both types of conceptual relations not only with respect to their modes of processing but also in its neuroanatomical substrate. In turn, the results provide information regarding the dissociation between a conceptual and a linguistic system. They also show the difference that can be seen according to the type of task (free choice vs. forced choice).El daño cerebral producto de un accidente cerebrovascular puede alterar el sistema semántico. Esto se ha observado particularmente en pacientes con afasia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en dichos pacientes el procesamiento de dos tipos de relaciones conceptuales: taxonómicas y temáticas. Se administraron tareas para evaluar la capacidad de establecer y reconocer las relaciones conceptuales mediante vías de presentación verbal y pictórica. Los resultados indicaron que los pacientes con afasia no fluente tienen mayores dificultades para reconocer las relaciones temáticas; mientras que los afásicos fluentes las tienen en tareas que precisan el reconocimiento y el establecimiento de relaciones taxonómicas. Estos resultados apoyan la disociación de los dos tipos de relaciones conceptuales no solo con respecto a sus modos de procesamiento, sino también en su sustrato neuroanatómico. Además, los resultados avalan la disociación entre un sistema conceptual y uno lingüístico. También muestran las diferencias que se pueden observar en función del tipo de tarea (elección libre vs. forzada). O dano cerebral produto de um Acidente Vascular Cerebral pode produzir alterações do sistema semântico. Isto tem se observado particularmente em pacientes com afasia. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar em ditos pacientes o processamento de dois tipos de relações conceituais: taxonômicas e temáticas. Administraram-se uma série de tarefas para avaliar a capacidade de estabelecer e reconhecer as relações conceituais através de vias de apresentação verbal e pictórica. Os resultados indicaram que os pacientes com afasia não fluente têm maiores dificuldades para reconhecer as relações temá- ticas, enquanto que os afásicos fluentes as têm em tarefas que requerem o reconhecimento e estabelecimento de relações taxonômicas. Estes resultados apoiam a dissociação dos dois tipos de relações conceituais não só com respeito a seus modos de processamento, mas também em seu substrato neuroanatômico. Além disso, os resultados avalizam a dissociação entre um sistema conceitual e um sistema linguístico. Também mostram as diferenças que podem se observar em função do tipo de tarefa (eleição livre vs. Forçada)

Elaboración de videos docentes de Neuroanatomía Comparada como facilitador del aprendizaje en la asignatura de Fundamentos Biológicos de la Conducta en el Grado de Psicología

Memoria ID-0177. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Percepción táctil, visual y auditiva en Niños Víctimas de Maltrato Intrafamiliar

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la percepción visual, auditiva y táctil en niños víctimas de maltrato intrafamiliar institucionalizados. Participaron 104 niños y niñas divididos en dos grupos. El primer grupo lo conformaron niños recién institucionalizados por violencia intrafamiliar (NVVI); el segundo grupo, de comparación, formado  por niños que no han sido víctimas de violencia (NNVI),equiparados en género, edad y escolarización. Se usaron escalas y subescalas de percepción visual, auditiva y táctil de la evaluación neuropsicológica infantil. Los resultados muestran que los NVVI presentan menor rendimiento en la tareas de: reconocimiento de expresiones; sonidos ambientales; y en percepción fonémica. Del estudio se infiere que en los niños víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar el reconocimiento de expresiones se encuentra alterado; también en este grupo de niños es deficitaria  la percepción de sonidos ambientales y verbales. Estas diferencias perceptuales son fundamentales considerar en futuras intervenciones para mejorar los procesos cognitivos en esta población

Gestural praxis in young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities

[EN] Background: Praxis functioning in the population with intellectual disabilities (ID) has been poorly studied. The goal of this research was to look for a starting point to study the praxic functioning in young adults with mild to moderate ID. Method: Thirty young adults with ID and 30 young adults without ID, between the ages of 18 and 35 years, participated in this study. All participants completed tests that assessed gestural praxis. Results: It was possible to observe similar praxis behaviour in the group with ID in almost all domains studied, albeit showing statistical values lower than those of the group without ID. Discussions: Despite the high number of errors committed, the sample of participants with ID was able to reach the goal of praxic tasks performed; such errors may be associated with a deficit in the development of various brain functions and not only with praxis functioning, mainly related to a lower yield in terms of planning, monitoring and correcting intentional movement

The 5 Objects Test: Normative data from a Spanish community sample

[EN]Objective: The objective of this study was to provide normative data for the 5 Objects Test in a large Spanish community sample, as well as some validity evidence. Methods: The sample was composed of 427 participants (of which 220 females, age 15 to 95 years old; educational level range: 2–17 years). Normative data are provided, as well as correlations with test scores from Benton Visual Retention test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Mini Mental State Examination. Results: No association was found between delayed recall score and level of education, age or gender. Immediate recall score was correlated with age. Both immediate and delayed recall significantly correlated with the criteria, evidencing concurrent validity. Conclusions: It is recommended that the 5 Objects Test be used for assessing persons in primary care, including those from different linguistic backgrounds or with limited language use. Delayed recall scores are especially recommended given the lack of association with demographic variables

Resilience among primary care professionals in a time of pandemic: a qualitative study in the Spanish context

Objectives: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Spanish primary care structure and services and the mechanisms implemented by the primary care workforce to restore and reinforce their reference care model. Design: An exploratory, qualitative study with semistructured interviews and a focus group discussion conducted during the fall semester of 2020. Setting: Primary health centres in Madrid (Spain), chosen based on factors such as infection rates during the earliest stages of the pandemic and demographic and socioeconomic aspects. Participants: A total of 19 primary health and social care professionals were purposively selected. Criteria for inclusion were gender (male/female), at least 5 years of experience in their current position, category (health/social/administrative worker), and whether they worked in a rural or urban healthcare setting. Results: Two main themes were identified: (1) reflecting on a model in crisis-particularly the reopening of centres to users and the proactive, participative strategies implemented by primary care professionals to reach their community; and (2) regaining a sense of purpose-how healthcare professionals implemented strategies to sustain their vision of their reference model. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed leadership deficiencies that, together with the initial unavailability of resources and difficulties maintaining face-to-face contact with users, triggered a sense of loss of professional identity. On the other hand, the analysis revealed potential strategies to restore and reinforce the traditional model, such as the adoption of digital technologies and reliance on community networks. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of a solid reference framework and enhances the strengths and skills of the workforce to reinforce the community-based service provision model.This work was supported by Banco Santander, in collaboration with the Spanish National Research Council, which has supported this project through the Fondo Supera COVID-19 (06-2.3-4-2020).S

Aplicación del aprendizaje basado en problemas en las asignaturas de psicología fisiológica y neuropsicología general del Grado en Psicología

Memoria ID-218. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020

Aplicación del Active Learning para el análisis de casos clínicos en el aula

Memoria ID2022-226 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Calidad de vida en pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer

Alzheimer's Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that produces cognitive and behavioral symptoms that affect the quality of life. The quality of life is the perception that an individual has about their own health. An investigation was carried out whose sample of the study consisted of 50 patients with Alzheimer's Dementia and 60 Subjects without cognitive impairment. The Quality of Life Scale in Alzheimer's Disease- QOL-AD was applied. The results show that patients with Alzheimer's Dementia have a lower overall self-perceived quality of life than subjects without cognitive impairment.La Demencia tipo Alzheimer es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que produce síntomas cognitivos y conductuales que afectan la calidad de vida. La calidad de vida es la percepción que un individuo tiene sobre su propia salud. Se realizó una investigación cuya muestra del estudio estaba constituida por 50 pacientes con Demencia tipo alzheimer y 60 Sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo. Se aplicó la Escala de calidad de vida en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer- QOL-AD. Los resultados demuestran que los pacientes con Demencia tipo Alzheimer tienen una menor calidad de vida global autopercibida que los sujetos sin deterioro cognitiv